| 单词 | 发言 |
| 释义 | 〔Glagolitic〕from glagol [word] ; akin to Old Church Slavonic glagolŭ [speech, word] * see gal- 源自 glagol [词，单词] ；类似于 古教会斯拉夫语 glagolŭ [发言，讲话] * 参见 gal- 〔evidently〕The stranger approached the microphone, evidently intending to speak.那个陌生人走近话筒，显然想发言〔spokeswoman〕A woman who speaks on behalf of another or others.See Usage Note at man 女发言人，女代言人：代表一方或其他人利益而发言的女人 参见 man〔speak〕To act as spokesperson:发言：作为发言人发言：〔pitch〕pitched his speech to the teenagers in the audience.他的发言是给观众中的青少年听的〔guillotine〕"At half past 12 the guillotine severed her head from her body.”So reads the statementcontaining the first recorded use ofguillotine in English, found in theAnnual Register of 1793. The word occurs in a context clearly illustrating the function of theguillotine, "a machine with a heavy blade that falls freely between upright guides to behead a condemned person.” Ironically, the guillotine, which became the most notable symbol of the excesses of the French Revolution,was named for a humanitarian physician, Joseph Ignace Guillotin.Guillotin, a member of the French Constituent Assembly,recommended in a speech to that body on October 10, 1789,that executions be performed by a beheading device rather than by hanging, the method used for commoners, or by the sword, reserved for the nobility.He argued that beheading by machine was quicker and less painful than the work of the rope and the sword.In 1791 the Assembly did indeed adopt beheading by machine as the state's preferred method of execution.A beheading device designed by Dr. Antoine Louis, secretary of the College of Surgeons, was first used on April 25, 1792, to execute a highwayman named Pelletier or Peletier.The device was called alouisette or louison after its inventor's name,but because of Guillotin's famous speech,his name became irrevocably associated with the machine. After Guillotin's death in 1814,his children tried unsuccessfully to get the device's name changed.When their efforts failed,they were allowed to change their name instead.“十二点半，断头台斩落了他的头颅。”这句话如此写道。这是英语文章中第一次使用guillotine 这个词， 它出现在1793年的年度文摘 中。 该文中，该词清楚地体现了guillotine 的功用——“利用垂直向下砍落的重斧斩落犯人头颅的机器。” 令人啼笑皆非的是，这一成为法国大革命中恐怖暴行最显著标志的断头台，竟是因一个人文主义医生，约瑟夫·英格纳斯·吉约坦命名的。吉约坦是法国国民代表大会的成员，在1789年10月的一次发言中向大会提出，在处决犯人时以一种砍头的机器来代替处决普通犯人时所用的绞刑或是处决贵族时使用的宝剑。他认为用机器砍头比用绳子或宝剑快而且痛苦小。1791年，国民大会确实将用机器砍头定为国家处决犯人的方法。由外科医生院秘书长安东尼·路易医生设计的砍头装置在1792年4月25日处决拦路强盗佩尔蒂或佩尔捷时第一次使用。这个装置被称为路易塞特 或 路易森 ， 因由其发明者而得名。但是由于吉约坦那次著名的发言，他的名字不可避免地与这种机器联系在一起。1814年吉约坦死后，他的子孙试图为这种机器换个名字,但没有成功。当他们的努力失败后，他们得到允许，改换了自己的名字〔floor〕The part of a legislative chamber or meeting hall where members are seated and from which they speak.议员发言席：立法会议室或会议厅中立法人员就座和发言所使用的部分〔sass〕Impertinent, disrespectful speech; back talk.无礼、不敬的发言；顶嘴〔harangue〕from aringare [to speak in public] 源自 aringare [在公共场合发言] 〔floor〕The right to address an assembly, as granted under parliamentary procedure.发言权：议会程序中所授予的在会议上发言的力权〔Welch〕American lawyer who represented the U.S. Army during the 1954 Senate subcommittee hearings concerning charges of subversion brought by Senator Joseph McCarthy.韦尔奇，约瑟夫·奈：(1890-1960) 美国律师，在1954年参议院的小组委员会有关参议员约瑟夫·麦卡锡提出的颠覆企图的控告的听证会上，他代表美国军方发言〔speech〕A talk or public address:演讲：发言或公开演说：〔say〕A turn or chance to speak:发言的次序，发言权：〔jerk〕To utter abruptly or sharply:突然或猛烈地发言：〔officialese〕Language characteristic of official documents or statements, especially when obscure, pretentiously wordy, or excessively formal.公文用语：以官方文件或发言为特征的语言，尤其指含糊、繁琐或极其正式的语言〔force〕To force to act or speak prematurely or unwillingly.迫使仓促行动：迫使某人在条件未成熟或不情愿的情况下行动或发言〔create〕That remark created a stir.发言引起了一阵骚动〔hedge〕To avoid making a clear, direct response or statement.避免直接回答：避免直接了当的回答或发言〔unfold〕The solution to the problem unfolded as they spoke.当他们发言时，问题的解答就出现了〔length〕spoke at length about the court ruling.就法庭裁决做了长时间的发言〔recognize〕The club's president recognized the new member.俱乐部主席准许那个新成员发言〔allegory〕agoreuein [to speak publicly] from agora [marketplace] * see ger- agoreuein [公开发言] 源自 agora [市场] * 参见 ger- 〔raid〕The members of an army traveling on a particularroad to carry out a raid probably would not draw a connection between the two words.However,raid and road descend from the same Old English word rād. Theai in raid represents the standard development in the northern dialects of Old English long a, while theoa in road represents the standard development of Old English long a in the rest of the English dialects. Old Englishrād meant "the act of riding" and "the act of riding with a hostile intent; that is, a raid,”senses that no longer exist for our wordroad. It was left to Sir Walter Scott to revive the Scots formraid with the sense "a military expedition on horseback.”The Scots weren't making all the raids, however.Others seem to have returned the favor,for we find these words in the Middle EnglishCoventry Leet Book : "aftur a Rode . . . made uppon the Scottes at thende of this last somer.”The "Rode" was led by the non-Scottish Duke of Gloucester, who was later crowned as Richard III, and Henry Percy, Duke of Northumberland.一支部队的士兵在某条road （路）上行进以发动一场 raid （袭击）， 这大概不会使这两个词之间产生什么联系。然而raid 和 road 这两个词源于古英语中的同一个词 rad 。 Raid 中的 ai 代表了古英语中北部发言中长 a 的标准发展， 而road 中的 oa 代表了其它地区古英语方言中长 a 的发展。 古英语中rad 的意思是“骑马的行动和出于敌意而骑马的行动； 也就是说，一次奇袭，”词意中不再有路 这个意思。 沃尔特·斯科特爵士又恢复了raid 这个词的苏格兰语形式， 其意思是“马上的远征”。然而，奇袭并不只是由苏格兰人发动。别人似乎也保留了对这个词的偏好，因为我们在中世纪英语的考文垂史料 中发现了这段话： “在去年夏末对苏格兰发动的奇袭之后…”。该“奇袭”是由后来被冠以查理三世的格洛斯特的非苏格兰公爵和诺森柏兰的亨利·珀西公爵领导的〔for〕spoke for all the members.代表全体成员发言〔burble〕A rapid, excited flow of speech.快速，激动的发言〔oracle〕from ōrāre [to speak] 源自 ōrāre [发言] 〔pray〕I pray your permission to speak.我恳求您准许我发言〔speak〕spoke for the entire staff.代表全体同仁发言〔recognize〕To permit to address a meeting:准许发言：允许…在某个会上发言：〔keynote〕keynoted the press luncheon.记者午餐招待会上作定调子发言〔draw〕To induce to speak freely:畅谈：引导自由发言说话：〔indistinct〕indistinct speech.难以理解的发言〔inveigle〕To win over by coaxing, flattery, or artful talk.See Synonyms at lure 引诱：通过劝诱、讨好或欺诈的发言赢得 参见 lure〔illiteracy〕An error, as in writing or speech, made by or thought to be characteristic of one who is illiterate.See Usage Note at literate 语文差错：作文或发言中，由文盲或被认为是文盲所犯的错误 参见 literate〔plead〕To address a court as a lawyer or an advocate.辩护：作为一名律师或辩护者在法庭上发言〔oratory〕Eloquence or skill in making speeches to the public.雄辩：向公众发言时的雄辩口才或语言技巧〔keynoter〕One who gives a keynote address.作主要发言的人：作基调演说者〔deliver〕To express in words; declare or utter:陈述，发言：用言辞表达；发表，讲： |
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