| 单词 | 受过 |
| 释义 | 〔party〕Party is unexceptionable when used to refer to a participant in a social arrangement, as inShe was not named as a party in the conspiracy. It is this sense that underlies the legal use of the term,as when one speaks of theparties to a contract. The legal use has in turn led to the presence of the word in many fixed expressions,such asinjured party and third party. Butparty is also widely used as a general substitute for person, as inWould all parties who left packages at the desk please reclaim their property. This usage has been established for many centuries,but in the Victorian era it came to be associated with the language of the semieducated(theOxford English Dictionary describes it as "shoppy"), and it has been the subject of many later criticisms.This use ofparty may have been reinforced by its modern adoption by telephone operators. In other contexts,when used in earnest,it may be perceived as a superfluous variant forperson. But the jocular use of the term is well established,particular in references such asa wise old party. Party 用作指一项社会活动的参与者是很常见的， 如她不是这一阴谋的参与者。 正是这一意义构成了这一词的法律用法，如人们说及 parties to a contract 。 这种法律用法反过来又使得这一词出现在许多固定的短语中，如injured party 和 third party。 但party 也被广泛地用于对 person 的泛称， 如在所有将包裹放在桌子上的人请来认领他们的东西。 这种用法已确立了许多个世纪，但在维多利亚时代，它开始与受过部分教育的人的语言联系起来（牛津英语词典 把它描述为“三句话不离本行的”）， 并且它已成为后来许多批判家批评的对象。Party 的这一用法由于话务员的经常采用而被强化了。 在其它的上下文中，当用于严肃的场合时，它可以被视作是person 不必要的变体。 但这一词诙谐的用法确立已久，尤其在提及如一个精明的老人 时 〔illuminati〕People claiming to be unusually enlightened with regard to a subject.先知先觉的人们：自称在某个领域受过特别启示的人〔construction〕an engineer trained in highway construction; worked in construction for seven years.受过高速工路建筑技术培训的工程师；施工了七年〔lettered〕Highly educated; learned.受过良好教育的；有学问的〔literate〕For most of its long history in English,literate has meant only "familiar with literature,” or more generally, "well-educated, learned";it is only during the last hundred years that it has also come to refer to the basic ability to read and write.Its antonymilliterate has an equally broad range of meanings: anilliterate person may be incapable of reading a shopping list or perhaps may only be unable to grasp an allusion to Shakespeare or Keats.The termfunctional illiterate is often used to describe a person who can read or write to some degree, but below a minimum level required to function in even a limited social situation or job setting.More recently, the meanings of the wordsliteracy and illiteracy have been extended from their original connection with reading and literature to any body of knowledge. For example, "geographic illiterates" cannot identify the countries on a map,and "computer illiterates" are unable to use a word-processing system.None of these uses ofliteracy or illiteracy are incorrect, but it might be preferable to use another word in instances where the context does not make the meaning clear.在英语悠久的历史中，literate 大部分时期只表示“精通文学的”或更概括一些， 指“受过良好教育的，有学问的”；仅仅是在上个世纪它才开始表示读和写的基本能力。它的反义词illiterate 有着同样广泛的意义： 一个illereare 的人也许连张购物单都不会读， 或许只是不理解莎士比亚或济慈的典故。functional illiterate 一词用于描写一个具有一定程度的读写能力， 但还不到甚至在一个有限的社会环境或工作环境中运用语言所须的最低水平。最近，literacy 和 illiteracy 这两词的含义已经从它们原先与阅读和文学的联系扩展到与任何一种知识的联系。 例如，一个“地理盲”不会在地图上寻找国家，而一个“计算机盲”不会使用文字信息处理系统。literacy 和 illiteracy 的这些用法都是正确的， 但是当上下文可能导致意义混淆时还是用其它词更好一些〔example〕One that has been given such a punishment:被惩罚者：受过这样惩罚的人：〔unschooled〕Not educated or instructed; having little or no formal schooling.未受过教育的：未受过教育或教导的；只受过很少或未受过正规教育的〔provincial〕"Well-educated professional women . . made me feel uncomfortably provincial"(J.R. Salamanca)“受过良好教育的职业妇女…使我觉得自己象一个乡下人，很不舒服”(J.R.萨拉曼卡)〔formal〕had little formal education; went to a formal party.受过很少的正规教育；参加一个正规聚会〔engineer〕One who is trained or professionally engaged in a branch of engineering.工程师：受过某一工程分支职业训练的人〔forester〕One who is trained in forestry.林务员：受过有关林学方面教育的人员〔stupid〕Despite a lack of formal education, she was far from stupid.虽然没有受过正式教育，但是她一点也不愚蠢。〔wangle〕wangled a job for which she had no training.骗取了一个她根本没有受过有关方面训练的工作〔dopey〕Dazed or lethargic, as if drugged.昏昏沉沉的：好象受过麻醉一样昏昏沉沉的或无精打采的〔school〕She is well schooled in literature.See Synonyms at teach 她在文学上受过良好的训练 参见 teach〔erudite〕One might like to beerudite but hesitate to berude. This preference is supported by the etymological relationship betweenerudite and rude. Erudite comes from the Latin adjectiveērudītus, "well-instructed, learned,” from the past participle of the verbērudīre, "to educate, train.” The verb is in turn formed from the prefixex-, "out, out of,” and the adjective rudis, "untaught, untrained,” the source of our word rude. The English worderudite is first recorded in a work possibly written before 1425 with the senses "instructed, learned.”Erudite meaning "learned" is supposed to have become rare except in sarcastic use, at least during the latter part of the 19th century, but the word now seems to have been restored to favor.一个人想成为erudite （博学的）， 但却犹豫会成为rude （粗鲁的）。 这个优先选择可以由erudite 和 rede这两个词在语源学上的关系得出。 Erudite 源于拉丁语的形容词eruditus ，指“受过良好教育的、博学的，” 来源于动词erudire 的过去分词，指“教育、训练”。 这个动词反过来由前缀ex- ，（表示“出、离开”）和形容词 rudis 意为“没受教育的，没受训练的”组成，它又是现代词 rude 的来源。 英语单词erudite 最早记录于大约写在1425年以前的一本著作中， 那时意思是“受教育的、博学的”。至少在19世纪后半期，Erudite 意思为“博学的”，除了讽刺的用法外已经很少被人所用， 但是现在这个单词好象又逐渐被人们使用起来〔infantry〕The combat arm made up of units trained to fight on foot.步兵部队：由受过徒步作战训练的人员组成的战斗单位〔credential〕"trained, professional, credentialed child care"(Lee Salk)“有证书的、受过专业训练的儿童护理员”(李·索尔克)〔corpsman〕An enlisted person in the armed forces who has been trained to give first aid and basic medical treatment, especially in combat situations.医务兵：在军队中注册的受过紧急援助和基本医疗救助训练的士兵，尤指在战备情况下〔specialist〕Abbr. SPAny of several noncommissioned ranks in the U.S. Army that correspond to that of corporal through sergeant first class.缩写 SP特种官兵：任一个美军未受过军衔的军人，相当于从下士到三级军士的军衔〔confirmation〕A ceremony in Judaism that marks the completion of a young person's religious training.犹太教仪式：犹太教一种表明年轻人已受过完整宗教训练的仪式〔heresy〕An opinion or a doctrine at variance with established religious beliefs, especially dissension from or denial of Roman Catholic dogma by a professed believer or baptized church member.异端学说：与已得到承认的宗教信仰相矛盾的观点或学说，尤指已立誓信教或受过洗礼的教徒对罗马天主教教义的异议或否认〔educated〕Having an education, especially one above the average.受过教育的：受过教育的，尤指受过超过普通水平教育的〔untutored〕Having had no formal education or instruction.See Synonyms at ignorant 没有受过正规的教育或教导的 参见 ignorant〔gymnast〕A person who is trained and skilled in gymnastics, especially one who engages in competition.体操运动员：一个受过体操训练，技巧成熟的人，特别是指那些参加比赛的人〔thoroughbred〕Thoroughly trained or educated; well bred.受过良好教育的：精心训练或教育的；受过优良教育的〔scapegoat〕One that is made to bear the blame of others.替人受过的人：代替别人承受过错的人〔paramedical〕Of, relating to, or being a person trained to give emergency medical treatment or assist medical professionals.紧急护理的，医务辅助人员的：属于、有关或是受过进行紧急医务护理或辅助专职医护人员训练的人的〔vaccinee〕One that has been vaccinated.受接种者：受过接种的人〔doctor〕A person, especially a physician, dentist, or veterinarian, trained in the healing arts and licensed to practice.医生，大夫：受过治疗培训并持执照开业行医的人，尤其用于内科医生、牙医或兽医〔paramedic〕A person who is trained to give emergency medical treatment or assist medical professionals.护理人员，医务辅助人员：一种受过进行紧急医务护理或辅助专职医护人员训练的人〔middlebrow〕One who is somewhat cultured; one who is neither highbrow nor lowbrow.教育程度中等的人；中产阶级趣味的人：受过某种程度教育的人；既非上层又非下层的人〔overstress〕To subject to excessive physical or emotional stress.压力过重：使体力或精神承受过重压力 |
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