| 单词 | 变异 |
| 释义 | 〔differentiate〕To become distinct or specialized; acquire a different character.变异：变得独特、特殊；需要不同的特性〔variation〕Something slightly different from another of the same type.变异的东西，变化了的形式：与同一类型中的另一事物有略微差别的东西〔diathesis〕A hereditary predisposition of the body to a disease, a group of diseases, an allergy, or another disorder.体质：趋于患某种变异或疾病的身体倾向或体质的倾向〔polygene〕Any of a group of nonallelic genes, each having a small quantitative effect, that together produce a wide range of phenotypic variation. Also called multiple factor ,quantitative gene 多基因：一种非等位基因，每一个基因都有很小量的效果，这些效果合在一起产生出很多种表现型变异 也作 multiple factor,quantitative gene〔maturation〕The final differentiation processes in biological systems, such as the final ripening of a seed or the attainment of full functional capacity by a cell, a tissue, or an organ.最后分化的过程：生物系统的最后变异过程，例如种子成熟或细胞、组织、 器官功能达到完善〔modification〕A phonological change undergone by a word or morpheme when it is used in a construction, as the change ofwill to 'll in they'll. 变异：一个字词或语素当被用在一个结构中，如在they'll 中，由 will 变成 'll 时发生的语音变化 〔variant〕Deviating from a standard, usually by only a slight difference.变异的：从标准变化来的，通常只是一些轻微的不同〔meristic〕meristic variation.器官排列的变异〔rogue〕An organism, especially a plant, that shows an undesirable variation from a standard.劣种：尤指显出不符合标准的不良变异的植物机体〔mutagenesis〕Formation or development of a mutation.变异的形成或者发展〔revertant〕Having reverted to the normal phenotype, usually by a second mutation:回复突变的：已逆转回正常表现型的，通常通过第二次突变变异：〔variation〕Marked difference or deviation from the normal or recognized form, function, or structure.变异，变体：与正常或已被认可的形态、功能或结构有明显的不同或偏离〔Vonnegut〕American writer whose works show compassion and humor in the midst of the violence and alienation of modern life. His novels includeCat's Cradle (1963) and Slaughterhouse Five (1969). 冯内古特，小库尔特：(生于 1922) 美国作家，作品在现代生活的暴力和变异中显示同情和幽默。他的小说包括《猫的摇篮》 （1963年）和 《五号屠宰场》 （1969年） 〔segregant〕Differing from either parent as a result of segregation:可离的，变异的：因基因分离而与父或母不同的：〔Varmus〕American microbiologist. He shared a 1989 Nobel Prize for discovering a sequence of genes that can cause cancer when mutated.瓦莫斯，哈罗德·埃利奥特：(生于 1939) 美国微生物学家。他因为发现了一系列变异时可导致癌症的基因而获1989年诺贝尔奖〔psychedelic〕Of, characterized by, or generating hallucinations, distortions of perception, altered states of awareness, and occasionally states resembling psychosis.迷幻的：幻觉的、感觉变异的、意识状态改变的、有时类似于精神病症状的，有以上特征的或产生以上症状的〔ketchup〕The wordketchup exemplifies the types of modifications that can take place in the borrowing process, both in the borrowing of a word and in the borrowing of a substance.The source of our wordketchup may be the Malay word kēchap, possibly taken into Malay from the Cantonese dialect of Chinese.Kēchap, like our word, referred to a kind of sauce, but a sauce without tomatoes;rather, it contained fish brine, herbs, and spices.The sauce seems to have emigrated to Europe by way of sailors,where it was made with locally available ingredients such as the juice of mushrooms or walnuts.At some point, when the juice of tomatoes was first used,ketchup as we know it was born.However, it is important to realize that in the 18th and 19th centuriesketchup was a generic term for sauces whose only common ingredient was vinegar. The word is first recorded in English in 1690 in the formcatchup, in 1711 in the formketchup, and in 1730 in the formcatsup. These three spelling variants of a foreign borrowing remain current.ketchup 这个词显示出在借词过程中的变异， 既发生在借词上又发生物质转借上。ketch up 这个词的来源大约是马来词 kechap ， 可能是从中国广东方言变为马来语的。Kechap 也象ketchup一样指一种酱， 但是不含番茄的酱，而是含咸鱼汁、药草和香料。大概是由水手们传到欧洲，在欧洲只能用当地有的调料如蘑菇或胡桃汁制成。当番茄汁初次被被使用时，我们所指的调味番茄酱便产生了。但应注意的是18和19世纪时，ketchup 是表示一般成分只含醋的调料的通用词。 1690年这个词首先以catchup 的形式在英语中出现， 1711年改为ketchup ， 1730年又改为catsup 。 这个外来词的三种不同拼法现在都通行〔whale〕Any of various marine mammals of the order Cetacea, having the general shape of a fish with forelimbs modified to form flippers, a tail with horizontal flukes, and one or two blowholes for breathing, especially one of the very large species as distinguished from the smaller dolphins and porpoises.鲸：一种鲸目海生哺乳动物，具有鱼的外形，前肢变异以形成鳍肢，其尾巴带有水平尾片，有一或两个鼻孔以供呼吸，尤其指与小型海豚相区分的体型巨大的一类〔mutagenize〕To cause or induce mutation in (a cell or an organism).诱变：促使或者诱导（细胞或者组织内）的变异〔lobster〕Any of several edible marine crustaceans of the family Homaridae, especially of the genusHomarus, having stalked eyes, long antennae, and five pairs of legs, the first pair of which is modified into large pincers. 大螯虾：螯龙虾科的各种可食海生甲壳类动物，尤指螯龙虾属 ，有柄眼，长触须和五双腿，第一双腿变异为大钳 〔Bishop〕American microbiologist. He shared a 1989 Nobel Prize for discovering a sequence of genes that can cause cancer when mutated.毕晓普，J.迈克尔：(生于 1936) 美国微生物学家，因发现变异后引起癌症的一组基因而获1989年诺贝尔奖〔anaplastic〕Of or characterized by cells that have become less differentiated.退行发育术的：细胞退回到未变异状态的或有其特征的〔might〕In many Southern varieties of English,might is used in the "double modal" construction with could, as inWe might could park over there. Less frequently,one hearsmay can and might should. These constructions are not familiar to the majority of American speakersand are best avoided in formal writing.在许多南方英语的变异中，might 可以与 could 一起用于“双情态动词”结构中， 如我们可以把车停在那边。 还有些时候，有人会使用may can 和 might could。 对于大部分美国人来说，这种用法并不常见，在正式的书面英语中最好避免使用〔morphogenesis〕Formation of the structure of an organism or part; differentiation and growth of tissues and organs during development.形态发生：一有机体或部分之结构的形成；组织和器官在发展过程中的变异或生长〔carpel〕One of the structural units of a pistil, representing a modified, ovule-bearing leaf.心皮：雌蕊的结构单位之一，表示一片变异的、含胚珠的叶子〔sandhi〕Modification of the sound of a morpheme in certain phonetic contexts, as the difference between the pronunciation ofdon't in don't you and in don't we. 词素变音：据上下文产生的一个词素发音变异，如don't 在 don't you 和 don't we 中发音的差异 〔diversity〕"Charles Darwin saw in the diversity of species the principles of evolution that operated to generate the species: variation, competition and selection"(Scientific American)“查尔斯·达尔文在物种的多样性中发现了致使物种产生的原则：变异、竞争、选择”(科学美国人)〔anaplasia〕Reversion of cells to an immature or a less differentiated form, as occurs in most malignant tumors.退行发育：细胞退化到不成熟或未变异的状态，如多数恶性肿瘤 |
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