| 单词 | 变量 |
| 释义 | 〔prime〕One used to distinguish different values of the same variable in a mathematical expression.（在数学表达中用来）区别同一变量的不同值〔polynomial〕An algebraic expression consisting of one or more summed terms, each term consisting of a constant multiplier and one or more variables raised to integral powers. For example,x 2 - 5 x + 6 and 2 p 3 q + y are polynomials. Also called multinomial 多项式：包含一个或更多总项的代数表达法，每一项都含有一个常乘数和一个或更多整幂的变量。如x 2-5 x +6 和2 p 3 q + y 就是多项式 也作 multinomial〔accent〕A mark used as a superscript to distinguish among variables represented by the same symbol.撇号：置于右上角的符号，用以区别由同一符号代表的不同变量〔accent〕A mark used as a superscript to indicate the first derivative of a variable.撇号：置于右上角的符号，用以标明变量的第一个导数〔expectation〕The expected value of a random variable.期望值：随意可变量的期望值〔derivative〕The instantaneous rate of change of a function with respect to its variable.函数随其变量的即时变化率〔weather〕The state of the atmosphere at a given time and place, with respect to variables such as temperature, moisture, wind velocity, and barometric pressure.天气：给定时间和地点的大气状况，牵涉到变量如温度、湿度、风速和气压〔order〕The sum of the exponents to which the variables in a term are raised; degree.序：冥的总称，一项中的变量可依冥增加；级〔variable〕A symbol representing such a quantity. For example, in the expressiona 2 + b 2 = c 2, a, b, and c are variables. 变量符号：代表这种变数的符号。如在表示a 2+ b 2= c 2中, a, b, 和 c 是变量 〔covariance〕A statistical measure of the variance of two random variables that are observed or measured in the same mean time period. This measure is equal to the product of the deviations of corresponding values of the two variables for their respective means.协方差：在观察或测量同一平均时间的两个任意变量的变化的一个统计值。这个值等于这两变量的各自平均值偏离其相应值的乘积〔parameter〕One of a set of independent variables that express the coordinates of a point.变量，参数：一组代表与之对应的点的独立变量之一〔bilinear〕Linear with respect to each of two variables or positions. Used of functions or equations.二元直线：与两个变量或位置的每一个都有关的直线。用于方程或等式〔independent〕Not dependent on other variables.自变数：不受其它变量支配的〔Xmas〕Xmas has been used for hundreds of years in religious writing, where theX is understood to represent a Greek chi, the first letter of Χριστος, "Christ";in this use it is parallel to other forms likeXtian, "Christian.” But the letterX, or especially x, is nowadays more frequently interpreted as a mathematical variable than as a Greek letter, as indicated by the common pronunciation of the formXmas as (ĕksʹməs). Thus, while the word is etymologically innocent of the charge that it omits Christ from Christmas,it is now generally understood only as an informal shortening.In an earlier survey 88 percent of the Usage Panel rejected the use ofXmas in writing. Xmas 在宗教作品中已用了几百年， X 用来表示希腊字母chi， 是Χριστος的第一个字母，意为“耶稣”；在这种用法中，它与其他形式相似,如Xtian, “教会的”。 但是字母X， 尤其是 x， 现在更常见的是当作数学变量，而不是希腊字母， 因为该符号Xmas 发音已普遍为(ĕksʹməs)。 因此,当这个单词从词源学上把Christ从Christmas中省掉是合乎规则的，现在该词已被广泛看作一个非正式的缩写形式。在早期的调查问卷中，有百分之八十八的用法使用小组成员拒绝在作品中用Xmas 〔indexation〕The automatic adjustment of an economic variable, such as wages, taxes, or pension benefits, to a cost-of-living index, so that the variable rises or falls in accordance with the rate of inflation.指数化：一种自动调控方法，把一些经济变量，例如工资、税收或养老金做成生活成本指数，使这些变量随着通货膨胀率的增减而上升或下降〔trace〕To record (a variable), as on a graph.描记：记录（一变量），如在图表上〔transformation〕Replacement of the variables in an algebraic expression by their values in terms of another set of variables.变换：以另一套变量置换为一个代数表达式中变量的值〔subindex〕pl. sub.in.dic.es or sub.in.dex.es An index of measurement based on relatively few variables, especially a trade index based on the performance of a particular group or type of stocks.【复数】 sub.in.dic.es 或 sub.in.dex.es 次指标：以相对较少的变量为根据的测量指标，尤指以某一群特定的人的销售成绩或股票的销售情况为根据的贸易指数〔randomize〕To make random in arrangement, especially in order to control the variables in an experiment.随机化：在排列上使成为随机变量，尤指为了控制试验中的变量〔multivariate〕Having or involving more than one variable:多变量的：拥有或包括一个以上变量的：〔parameter〕In recent yearsparameter has become the archetype for the borrowing of scientific terms into general usage and as such has occasioned a good deal of skeptical comment.Some of its new uses can be justified as useful extensions of the technical senses of the word.For example, the provisions of a zoning ordinance that limit the height or density of new construction can be reasonably likened to mathematical parameters that establish the limits of other variables.Therefore one can properly sayThe zoning commission announced new planning parameters for the historic Lamping district of the city. But other uses suggest that the writer has not understood the technical senseand has chosen it primarily as a way of injecting an aura of scientific precision into what would otherwise be a pedestrian communication.Thus there is no semantic justification for usingparameter as a general substitute for characteristic, as inThe Judeo-Christian ethic is one of the important parameters of Western culture, an example found unacceptable by 80 percent of the Usage Panel. ·Some of the difficulties with nontechnical use ofparameter appear to arise from its resemblance to the word perimeter, with which it shares the sense "limit,” though the two words differ in their precise meaning.This confusion doubtless explains the use ofparameter in a sentence such as U.S. forces report that the parameters of the mine area in the Gulf are fairly well established, where the wordperimeter would have expressed the intended sense more exactly. This example of a use ofparameter was unacceptable to 61 percent of the Usage Panel. 近些年来，parameter 已成为一个从科技术语借用到普通用法的原形， 同时也引起了大量的怀疑批评。它的某些新用法可被看作是该词科技含义的有益扩展。例如，某一区域性法规中关于新建筑高度或密度的条文能被合理地与制定其它变量限度的数学参量进行比较。因而，人们当然可以说地区委员会公布了历史上该城有名的灯区新计划方案 。 但其它的一些用法说明说话人还没有理解它的科技含义，并且选用了这个词主要作为给将是普通交流的东西注入一些精确的科学气息的途径。因此，用parameter 作为 characteristic 的一般等价词毫无语义上的合理性， 如在犹太教与基督教的道德规范是西方文化中重要的限制因素 ， 是80%的用法小组成员不接受的例子。Parameter 的非科技运用中的一些难点是由于它与 perimeter 都有“限制”的含义造成的， 尽管两个词的确切含义是不相同的。这种混淆无疑解释了parameter 在例如 美军报告说，海湾地雷区的环形防线设置得相当不错 的句子中的运用， 这里perimeter 可能会更确切地表达这种引申含义。 61%的用法小组成员不接受这个运用parameter 的例子 〔degree〕The greatest sum of the exponents of the variables in a term of a polynomial or polynomial equation.次数：多项式或多项式方程中变量的幂的最大数〔psychometrics〕The branch of psychology that deals with the design, administration, and interpretation of quantitative tests for the measurement of psychological variables such as intelligence, aptitude, and personality traits. Also called psychometry 心理测量学：心理学的一支，研究对精神变量比如智力，能力和性格特征等进行测量的数据化测试设计，管理和解释 也作 psychometry〔amplification〕The process of increasing the magnitude of a variable quantity, especially the magnitude of voltage, power, or current, without altering any other quality.放大，放大率：可变量增大的过程，尤指电压、电力或电流的增大，不改变其它特性〔nomograph〕A graph consisting of three coplanar curves, each graduated for a different variable so that a straight line cutting all three curves intersects the related values of each variable.列线图解：由三条共面曲线所组成的图，每一条曲线走向不同，因此截断这三条曲线的一条直线与每一条不同的曲线都以不同的变量相交〔period〕The least interval in the range of the independent variable of a periodic function of a real variable in which all possible values of the dependent variable are assumed.小数点：周期函数自变量变化的最小区间，其中从属变量的所有可能值都已事先确定〔function〕A variable so related to another that for each value assumed by one there is a value determined for the other.应变量，函数：一个与他量有关联的变量，这一量中的任何一值都能在他量中找到对应的固定值〔microsensor〕A miniature electronic device that detects information about a specific variable such as temperature or light.微感应器，微侦测器：侦测有关某种变量信息，例如温度或光线，的细微电子仪器〔nonlinear〕Containing a variable with an exponent other than one. Used of an equation.非一次的：包含有一个非一次幂的变量的，用于方程式的〔root〕A number that reduces a polynomial equation in one variable to an identity when it is substituted for the variable.解，根：当代表变量时简化变量中的多项式或方程得出的一个单位元素的数〔analogue〕Often analog Of, relating to, or being a device in which data are represented by variable measurable physical quantities. 常作 analog 类比数据的：关于或作为一种仪器，其数据由可测物理变量代表〔differential〕An infinitesimal increment in a variable.变量无限小的增量〔branch〕A sequence of program instructions to which the normal sequence of instructions relinquishes control, depending on the value of certain variables.分支程序：正常指令序列撤回控制时转向的程序指令序列，依赖于某些变量的取值〔quantic〕A homogeneous polynomial having two or more variables.多元齐次多项式：有两个或多个变量的齐次多项式 |
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