| 单词 | 古代 |
| 释义 | 〔ides〕The 15th day of March, May, July, or October or the 13th day of the other months in the ancient Roman calendar.第15天，第13天：古代罗马日历中三月、五月、七月或十月中的第15天或其它月份中的第13天〔Hippo〕An ancient city of northwest Africa in present-day northeast Algeria south of Annaba. Saint Augustine was its bishop froma.d. 396 to 430. 希波：古代非洲西北部的一座城市，在今天阿尔及利亚东北部，安纳巴以南圣奥古斯丁在公元 396年到430年任该城的大主教 〔sack〕The wordsack may seem an odd candidate for preserving a few thousand years of history, but this word for an ordinary thing probably goes back to Middle Eastern antiquity.Sack owes its long history to the fact that it and its ancestors denoted an object that was used in trade between peoples. Thus the Greeks got their wordsakkos, "a bag made out of coarse cloth or hair,” from the Phoenicians with whom they traded. We do not know the Phoenician word,but we know words that are akin to it,such as Hebrewsaq and Akkadian saqqu. The Greeks then passed the sack, as it were, to the Latin-speaking Romans, who transmitted their wordsaccus, "a large bag or sack,” to the Germanic tribes with whom they traded, who gave it the form .sakkiz (other peoples as well have taken this word from Greek or Latin, including speakers of Welsh, Russian, Polish, and Albanian).The speakers of Old English, a Germanic language, used two forms of the word,sæc, from .sakkiz, and sacc, directly from Latin; the second Old English form is the ancestor of oursack. sack 这个词具有几百年的历史看起来可能很奇怪， 但这个词用来指一件普通的物品大概可追溯到古代中东。Sack 的长久历史归功于它和它的前身，即指用于人们之间贸易的一个物品。 因此希腊人从与他们做买卖的腓尼基人处得到sakkos 这个词，指“用粗布或毛发制成的袋子”。 我们不懂腓尼基语指什么，但知道一些与它相关的词，如希伯莱语中的Saq 和阿卡德语中的 Saqqu。 希腊人于是又把这个词传到说拉丁语的罗马人中，罗马人把他们的词saccus （“大袋子，大麻袋”）传给与他们做贸易的日耳曼人部落，他们用 Sakkiz 这种形式 （其他民族也从希腊语或拉丁语中得到这个词，其中包括说威尔士语、俄语、波兰语和阿尔巴尼亚语的人们）。讲古英语（一种日耳曼语言）的人用这个词的两种形式：源自sakkiz 的 sæc 和源自拉丁语的 sacc ； 这第二种古英语的形式是我们现在的sack 的前身 〔Piraeus〕A city of east-central Greece on the Saronic Gulf southwest of Athens. Its port was built in the 5th centuryb.c. and after extensive development in the mid-19th century became the principal seaport of the country. In ancient times it was connected with Athens by the Long Walls, two parallel walls some 183 m (600 ft) apart. Population, 196,389. 比雷埃夫斯：希腊中东部的一座城市，位于雅典西南的萨罗尼克湾上。其港口在公元前 5世纪建成，后来经过扩充发展，到19世纪中叶已成为国家的主要海港。在古代，该城与雅典城以一条长墙相连，长墙由两道平行的相距约183米(600英尺）的墙壁组成。人口196,389 〔Canaanite〕Of or relating to ancient Canaan or its people, language, or culture.迦南的：属于或关于古代迦南或其民族、语言，或文化的〔Edessa〕An ancient city of Mesopotamia on the site of present-day Urfa in southeast Turkey. A major Christian center after the third centurya.d. , it fell to the Arabs in 639 and was captured by Crusaders in 1097. 伊德沙：美索不达米亚的一座古代城市，位于今天土耳其东南部乌尔发一带。它是公元前 3世纪之后的一个重要基督教圣地，639年被阿拉伯人攻陷，1097年又被十字军占领 〔Talmud〕The collection of ancient Rabbinic writings consisting of the Mishnah and the Gemara, constituting the basis of religious authority in Orthodox Judaism.犹太教法典：古代拉比著作的合集，包括《密西拿》和《革马拉》，构成了正统犹太教中宗教权威的基础〔ithyphallic〕Of or relating to the phallus carried in the ancient festival of Bacchus.阴茎形象的：在古代祭祀酒神巴克斯时，所抬的阴茎形像的；或与此有关的〔Sabine〕A member of an ancient people of central Italy, conquered and assimilated by the Romans in 290b.c. 萨宾人：意大利中部的一个古代民族的成员，于公元前 290年被罗马人征服并同化 〔Lucca〕A city of northwest Italy west of Florence. On the site of an ancient Ligurian settlement and a Roman colony, it became a free commune in the 12th century and was later an independent republic. Population, 91,097.卢卡：意大利西北部，佛罗伦萨以西的一座城市，位于古代利古里翁定居地和罗马的殖民地的遗址上，在12世纪成为自由行政区，后来是一个独立的共和国。人口91,097〔old〕Belonging to a remote or former period in history; ancient:古老的，古代的：属于遥远的，以前历史时期的：〔Damanhur〕A city of northeast Egypt on the Nile River delta northwest of Cairo. In ancient times it was known as Hermopolis Parva. Population, 221,500.达曼胡尔：埃及东北部一城市，位于尼罗河三角洲上、开罗西北。在古代，因赫尔莫波利斯·帕瓦而闻名。人口221,500〔corban〕A sacrifice made to God by the ancient Hebrews at the Temple in Jerusalem.祭品：古代希伯来人在耶路撒冷地圣殿献给上帝的供物〔Xanthus〕An ancient city of Lycia in present-day southwest Turkey. It was besieged and taken by the Persians (c. 546b.c. ) and the Romans (c. 42 b.c. ). Both times the residents destroyed the city before surrendering. 桑索斯：古代利西亚城市，位于现今土耳其的西南部，公元前 546年被波斯侵略并占领，于 公元前 42年又被罗马人占领，在两次城陷前居民都毁掉了城市 〔tumulus〕An ancient grave mound; a barrow.冢：古代的坟墓；古冢〔Persian〕Any of the western Iranian dialects or languages of ancient or medieval Persia and modern Iran.波斯语：伊朗西部的方言，或古代或中世纪波斯和现代伊朗的语言〔whereof〕ancient pottery whereof many examples are lost.许多样品已遗失的古代陶器〔Elea〕An ancient Greek colony of southern Italy near the Gulf of Salerno. Reputedly founded by Xenophanes, it was the center of the Eleatic school of philosophy.埃利亚：意大利南部古代希腊的殖民地，邻近萨勒诺海湾，是埃利亚哲学学派的中心，此学派据说由色诺芬尼创立〔archon〕One of the nine principal magistrates of ancient Athens.（古雅典的）执政官：古代雅典的九名主要长官之一〔Masada〕An ancient mountaintop fortress in southeast Israel on the southwest shore of the Dead Sea. Ina.d. 73, after a two-year siege, members of the Zealot Jewish sect committed mass suicide rather than surrender to the Romans. 梅察达：古代以色列东南部、死海西南岸的一个山头堡垒。公元 73年，经过历时两年的被围困后，吉拉德犹太教派成员集体自杀，未向进攻的罗马人投降 〔Pict〕One of an ancient people of northern Britain. They remained undefeated by the Romans and in the ninth century joined with the Scots to form a kingdom later to become Scotland.皮克特人：英国北部的古代民族之一，罗马人一直未能征服他们，9世纪时他们与苏格兰人联合建立了王国，后成为苏格兰〔saluki〕Any of an ancient breed of tall, slender dog developed in Arabia and Egypt and having a smooth, silky, variously colored coat.萨卢基狗：古代阿拉伯和埃及的一种高而瘦的狗，有光滑发亮多种颜色的皮毛〔Jew〕A member of the widely dispersed people originally descended from the ancient Hebrews and sharing an ethnic heritage based on Judaism.犹太教徒：古代希伯来人的广泛分布的后代子孙，他们沿袭着犹太教的种族传统〔wisdom〕Wise teachings of the ancient sages.古训：古代智者明智的教育〔Sumerian〕A member of an ancient people, probably of non-Semitic origin, who established a nation of city-states in Sumer in the fourth millenniumb.c. that is one of the earliest known historic civilizations. 苏美尔人：一个古代民族的成员，很可能是非闪米特的起源在公元前 四千年期间在苏美尔建立了一个城邦国家，这是已知最早的具有重大历史意义的文明之一 〔Thrace〕A region and ancient country of the southeast Balkan Peninsula north of the Aegean Sea. In ancient times it extended as far north as the Danube River. The region was colonized by Greeks in the seventh centuryb.c. and later passed under the control of Rome, Byzantium, and Ottoman Turkey. Northern Thrace was annexed by Bulgaria in 1885, and eastern Thrace passed to Turkey in 1923. 色雷斯：巴尔干半岛东南部一地区和古国，位于爱琴海北部。在古代它一直延伸到多瑙河。这一地区在公元前 7世纪为希腊占有，后为罗马人，拜占庭和奥斯曼土耳其所统治。北色雷斯于1885年并入保加利亚，东色雷斯在1923年并入土耳其 〔Pachuca〕A city of central Mexico north-northeast of Mexico City. It was founded in 1534 as a silver-mining center on the site of an ancient Toltec city. Population, 110,351.帕丘卡：墨西哥中部的一个城市，位于墨西哥城的东北偏北作为一个银矿采集中心，建于1534年，位于古代的托尔特克城的遗址上。人口110,351〔spill〕One is not supposed to cry over spilled milk,but at one time the wordspill was associated with many tears. Old Englishspillan, the ancestor of Modern Englishspill, had meanings such as "to destroy, mutilate, kill.”The hints of its future life in connection with substances falling out of containers, often wastefully, were contained in the senses "to waste" and "to shed blood.”But many people, castles, and fortunes were "spilled" before people started spilling milk,at least judging from the recorded evidence.Spill is first recorded in the sense "to cause a substance to fall out of a container" in a work composed in the 14th century.Since then, much water, milk, and gravy have been spilled,while most of the senses having to do with destruction and bloodshed have become obsolete or archaic.对着打翻的牛奶哭是无济于事的，但spill 这个词曾经和眼泪有联系。 古英语单词spillan ， 即现代英语单词spill 的祖先， 具有例如“毁灭，破坏，杀死”等意思。而其“浪费”及“使血流出”的含意则暗示着这个古词将来会与通常是浪费性质的从容器中溢出之物发生联系。但在人们开始洒牛奶之前就已“杀死”了许多人命，“毁坏”了许多城堡，“浪费”了许多财富，这一点至少可以从记载下来的证据判断出来。Spill 最初记录下来的意思是“使一物质溢出一容器”， 这一含意出现于14世纪的一本著作中。从那时起，这个词表达人们泼洒了大量的水、牛奶及肉汁，而这个词与毁灭及流血有联系的有关意思则都成了过时用法或古代用法〔sleuth〕To track down the history of the wordsleuth requires a bit of etymological sleuthing in itself.The immediate ancestor of our word is the compoundsleuthhound, "a dog, such as a bloodhound, used for tracking or pursuing.”This term took on a figurative sense,"tracker, pursuer,”which is closely related to the sense "detective.”Fromsleuthhound came the shortened form sleuth, recorded in the sense "detective" as early as 1872.The first part of the termsleuthhound means "track, path, trail,” and is first recorded in a Middle English work written probably around 1200.The Middle English word, which had the formsloth, with eu representing the Scots development of the Middle English (ō), was a borrowing of the Old Norse word slōdh, "a track or trail.” 要追溯sleuth 这个词的历史， 需要进行一点词源追踪。我们这个词最直接的来源是sleuthhound 这个复合词， 它的意思是“一种用于跟踪和追逐的狗，如警犬”。这个词获得了一种修辞上的意思，“跟踪者，追逐者”，这与“侦探”这个意义非常贴近。从sleuthhound 这个词产生了其缩写的形式 sleuth ， 早在1872年就有了“侦探”这个意思的文字记载。sleuthhound 这个词的前半部意思是“路径、道路或途径”， 它最早被记载在1200年左右的中世纪英语作品中。中世纪英语中的这个词借自古代挪威语中的slōdh ，“路径或途径”，它的形式是 sloth ，其后的 eu 代表了苏格兰语对中世纪英语(ō)的发展 〔butterfly〕Is a butterfly named for the color of its excrement or because it was really a thieving witch?The first suggestion rests on the fact that an early Dutch name for the butterfly wasboterschijte. This name is as astonishing a phenomenon as the fact that anyone ever noticed the color of butterfly excrement.Apparently, however, when the butterfly was not busy leaving colorful traces of itself, it was stealing milk and butter.This was not because of its thievish nature but because it was really a mischievous witch in the form of a winged insect.So the second suggestion is that this predilection for butter larceny gave rise to the colorful insect's name.蝴蝶是以其排泄物的颜色命名的，还是因为它的确是个正在偷东西的精灵呢?第一个假设基于蝴蝶在古代荷兰语中的名称为boterschijte 这个事实。 这个名称同任何人都曾注意到蝴蝶的排泄物的颜色这个事实一样是个令人吃惊的现象。然而，很显然蝴蝶不是在忙于留下它们彩色的行迹就是忙于偷牛奶或奶油。这不是因为它有偷窃的天性而是因为它确实是一只作为有翅昆虫形体的淘气的精灵。所以第二个假设就是这种奶油盗窃的嗜好引出了彩色昆虫的命名〔Dacia〕An ancient region and Roman province corresponding roughly to present-day Romania. Inhabited before the Christian era by a people of Thracian stock with an advanced material culture, the region was abandoned to the Goths aftera.d. 270. 达契亚：古代一地区和罗马一省份，大至相当于今天的罗马尼亚地区，在基督教时代之前居住着色雷斯族群的一个民族，有着发达的物质文明，公元 270年，这个地区被哥特族侵占 〔epic〕the epic of the Old West.古代西方的史诗〔Labrador〕The mainland territory of Newfoundland, Canada, on the northeast portion of the Labrador Peninsula. Its coastline was visited by Norse seamen as early as the tenth century. The area later became a possession of the Hudson's Bay Company and was eventually awarded to Newfoundland in 1927.拉布拉多：加拿大纽芬兰的陆地部分，位于拉布拉多半岛的东北部。早在10世纪，古代的斯堪的纳维亚的海员就曾到过这里的海岸。这一地区后来成为哈得逊湾公司的所有财产，并于1927年最终判给纽芬兰省〔Roman〕Of or relating to ancient or modern Rome or its people or culture.罗马的，罗马人的，罗马文化的：属于或有关古代或现代罗马或其民族或文化的〔Faliscan〕A member of an ancient Italic people of southern Etruria.法利希人：居住在伊特拉里亚南部的古代伊特里克人〔Syriac〕An ancient Aramaic language spoken in Syria from the 3rd to the 13th century that survives as the liturgical language of several Eastern Christian churches.古叙利亚语：古代从3世纪到13世纪叙利亚人所讲的阿拉姆语，作为东基督教会的礼拜仪式语言而得以留存〔Tuscany〕A region of northwest Italy between the northern Apennines and the Ligurian and Tyrrhenian seas. Inhabited in ancient times by the Etruscans, it fell to Rome in the mid-fourth centuryb.c. Tuscany was a grand duchy under the Medicis (1569-1860) and subsequently became united with the kingdom of Sardinia. 托斯卡：意大利西北部的一个地区，位于亚平宁山脉北部、利古里亚海和第勒尼安海之间，在古代由埃特锝鲁斯堪人居住，在公元前 4世纪中期被罗马人占领。托斯卡纳是梅迪西斯统治下的一个庞大的公爵封地(1569年-1860年），后来它与撒丁尼亚尼亚王国合并 〔Latin〕from Latium [an ancient country of west-central Italy] 源自 拉丁姆 [意大利中西部的一座古代的城市] 〔historical〕historical costumes; historical weapons.古代服装；古代武器〔antiquity〕Often antiquities Something, such as an object or a relic, belonging to or dating from ancient times. 常作 antiquities 古代文物，古迹：属于或存在于古代的，如物体或遗迹 |
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