| 单词 | 可耻的 |
| 释义 | 〔shithead〕A person regarded as objectionable or contemptible.讨厌的人：一个被认为是令人讨厌或可耻的人〔impact〕Each generation of critics seems to select one particular usage to stand as the emblem of what they view as linguistic crassness.Thirty years ago it was the use ofcontact as a verb, but opposition to that form has more or less disappeared,and attention now focuses on the verbal use ofimpact meaning "have an effect, affect.” Eighty-four percent of the Usage Panel disapproves of the constructionto impact on, as in the phrasesocial pathologies, common to the inner city, that impact heavily on such a community; and fully 95 percent disapproves of the use ofimpact as a transitive verb in the sentence Companies have used disposable techniques that have a potential for impacting our health. But even these figures do not reflect the degree of distaste with which critics view the usage:in their comments some Panelists labeled the usage as "bureaucratic,” "pretentious,” "vile,” and "a vulgarism.” ·It may be that the particular pretentiousness associated with the verbal use ofimpact is caused by its derivation from an already questionable metaphoric use of the noun impact, as in phrases such asthe political impact of the decision or the impact of the program on the community, in which no more is usually meant than might have been expressed by effects or consequences. But thoughimpact may have begun life a generation ago as an inflated substitute for "affect significantly,” it has by now become so common in corporate and institutional contexts that younger speakers appear to regard it as wholly standard and straightforward usage.Within a few years, accordingly,the usage is likely to be no more objectionable thancontact is now, since it will no longer betray any particular pretentiousness on the part of those who use it.See Usage Note at contact 每一代的批评家好象都挑了一个特别的用法作为他们认为的语言上的愚蠢行为的象征。三十年以前是contact 作为动词的用法， 但是对这种形式的反对或多或少已经消失了，注意力现在集中到了impact 意思为“有不好的影响、影响”的动词用法上。 用法专题小组成员中百分之八十四不同意to impact on 的结构， 如在短语对内城区来说很普通的社会病理学，对这样一个社区产生了很大影响的 当中； 百分之九十五的成员完全不同意impact 在句子 公司已经使用了可能会对我们的健康产生不良影响的易处理技术 中当作及物动词来使用。 但是即使是这些数字也没有反映出批评家们对这种用法厌恶的程度：在他们的评论当中有些成员把这种用法说成是“官僚主义的”、“装腔作势的”，“可耻的”，还说这是“粗鄙的语言。”也许和impact 的动词用法有关联的虚饰成份是由于它是从名词 impact 的一个早有争议的比喻用法衍变而来造成的。 如在短语这个决定在政治上的影响 或者 这个计划对公众的影响 中它的意思并没有比用 effects 或者 consequences 表达出来的意思要多。 尽管impact 作为“明显地影响”的夸大了的替代可能在一代人之前开始产生， 但是现在的年轻一代使用者看上去把它当成了完全标准的、直接的用法，这在共同的和惯例的文章中已经很普遍了。相应地在几年内，这种用法很有可能不比今天的contact 更引起反对， 因为对于那些使用它的人来说这不会再显得有点矫揉造作了 参见 contact〔miserable〕Mean or shameful; contemptible:卑劣的或可耻的；不值得一顾的：〔flagrant〕a flagrant miscarriage of justice; flagrant cases of wrongdoing at the highest levels of government.See Usage Note at blatant 可耻的审判不公；政府最高阶层罪恶的勾当 参见 blatant〔invoke〕"Shamelessly, he invokes coincidence to achieve ironic effect"(Newsweek)See Synonyms at enforce “可耻的是，他借助于巧合来达到反讽效果”(新闻周刊) 参见 enforce〔sin〕Something regarded as being shameful, deplorable, or utterly wrong.See Synonyms at offense 过失：被认为可耻的、可悲的或完全错误的行为 参见 offense〔shit〕A person regarded as mean or contemptible.下流卑鄙的人：一个被认为是卑鄙或可耻的人〔asshole〕A thoroughly contemptible, detestable person.一个十分可恶，可耻的家伙〔lucre〕When William Tyndale translatedaiskhron kerdos, "shameful gain" (Titus 1:11), as filthy lucre in his edition of the Bible, he was tarring the wordlucre for the rest of its existence. But we cannot lay the pejorative sense oflucre completely at Tyndale's door. He was merely a link,albeit a strong one,in a process that had begun long before with respect to the ancestor of our word,the Latin wordlucrum, "material gain, profit.” This process was probably controlled by the inevitable conjunction of profit, especially monetary profit, with evils such as greed.In Latinlucrum also meant "avarice,” and in Middle Englishlucre, besides meaning "monetary gain, profit,” meant "illicit gain.”Furthermore, many of the contexts in which the neutral sense of the word appeared were not that neutral,as in "It is a wofull thyng . . . ffor lucre of goode . . . A man to fals his othe [it is a sad thing for a man to betray his oath for monetary gain].”Tyndale thus merely helped the process along when he gave us the phrasefilthy lucre. 当威廉·廷代尔在他的《圣经》版本里把aiskhon kerdos （“可耻的收获”）翻译成 filthy lucre 时， 他就把lucre 这个词当作贬义了， 这个词以后也就这样解释了。但是我们不能把lucre 这个词的贬义全部归于廷代尔名下。 他只是整个过程的一个环节，尽管是个有力的环节，这个过程早在我们这个词的祖先，拉丁字lucrum （意为“物质获得，利润”）就开始了。 这个过程很可能与带有类似贪婪这样的罪恶利润，尤其是钱财利润不可避免地联系在一起。在拉丁文里，lucrum 也有“贪婪”的意思。 在中世纪英语中，lucre 除了有“钱财收入，利润”的意思之外， 还意味着“不正当的所得”。更进一步说，即使这个词意思是中性的，但上下文却不是那么的中性，比如“一个人为了钱财背弃自己的誓言。”廷代尔在给我们短语filthy lucre 时，仅仅有助于把这个过程延续下来 〔shitty〕Contemptible; despicable.可鄙的；可耻的〔baseborn〕Ignoble; contemptible.可耻的；不高尚的〔dishonorable〕Characterized by or causing dishonor or discredit.不名誉的，可耻的：以不诚实或不信任为特征的；或引起不诚实或不信任的〔ignoble〕Not noble in quality, character, or purpose; base or mean.See Synonyms at mean 2卑鄙的，不光彩的：性质、特点或目的不高尚的；可耻的或低下的 参见 mean2〔ignominious〕Deserving disgrace or shame; despicable.可耻的，耻辱的：应该遭受耻辱和鄙视的；可鄙的〔putrid〕Extremely objectionable; vile.坏透的：极端引起反对的，卑鄙可耻的〔disgraceful〕Bringing or warranting disgrace; shameful.带来或承认不名誉的；可耻的〔criminal〕Shameful; disgraceful:可耻的；不光彩的：〔dishonest〕Middle English dishoneste [dishonorable] 中古英语 dishoneste [不名誉的，不光彩的，可耻的] 〔offensive〕vile thoughts. See also Synonyms at hateful 可耻的想法 参见同义词 hateful〔shameful〕Causing shame; disgraceful.导致羞耻的；可耻的〔discreditable〕Harmful to one's reputation; blameworthy:有损名誉的；可耻的：〔turpitude〕from turpis [shameful] 源自 turpis [可耻的] 〔shame〕One that brings dishonor, disgrace, or condemnation.可耻的人，可耻的事物：带来不光彩、不名誉或鄙视的事物 |
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