| 单词 | 可能性 |
| 释义 | 〔opportunity〕I seized the occasion to set the record straight. Anopening is an opportunity affording a good possibility of success: 我抓住时机清理了记录。 Opening 是一种提供成功可能性的机会： 〔can〕since it requires the pupil to distinguish explicitly between what is possible and what is allowed,a difference not always apparent to younger children.And even in later life,observance of the distinction is often advisable in the interests of clarity.Thus, the sentenceStudents can take no more than three courses allows the possibility that a student who is unusually capable may take more, whereasStudents may take no more than three courses does not. · The use ofcan to express permission is better tolerated in negative questions, as inCan't I have the car tonight? probably because the alternative contractionmayn't is felt to be awkward. 由于这要求学生清楚地区分可能的和得到许可的两者之间的差异，而这对小孩子们常常是不太明显的。并且在其今后的生活中，为明确起见，体会这种差异常常是很可取的。因此，句子学生们可以选修不超过三门的课程 给能力超常的学生学更多的课程提供了可能性， 然而学生们只能选修不超过三门的课程 则不能提供这种可能性。 can 的用法更可用于否定疑问句中表示许可， 如 我今晚不能使用这车吗？ ， 或许是由于可替代的缩写mayn't 感觉起来有些笨拙的缘故 〔prospect〕Something expected; a possibility.期待：被期望的某物；可能性〔probabilistic〕Of, based on, or affected by probability, randomness, or chance:可能性的：属于、基于或受可能性、随意性或机会影响的：〔hassle〕It is difficult to believe that there were no hassles before 1945,but that is the year in which the nounhassle is first recorded in English. The origins of this word might be considered a hassle for the etymologist.An English dialect word,hassle, meaning "to hack at, cut with a blunt knife and with a sawing motion,” is recorded at the end of the 19th century.A Southern dialect word,hassle, "to pant, breathe heavily,” is also a possible source. A more popular notion has been thathassle is a blend, but here again we have a hassle.Three separate possibilities have been proposed,a combination ofh ar ass and hu stle, ha ggle and tu ssle, and ha ggle and wre stle. Given all these possibilities,it is clear why words such ashassle end up with the etymology "origin unknown.” 很难相信1945年以前没有麻烦这个词，但就在那一年hassle 这个名词第一次被记录在英语中。 词源学家认为这个词的来源是争吵。一个英语方言词hassle 的意思是“砍，用一个钝的刀锯”， 在19世纪被记录下来。一个南部的方言词hassle “喘气，重呼吸”也可能是它的来源。 但更普遍的是认为hassle 是一个合成词， 但我们对此又有了异议。词源学家提出的三种不同的可能性：h ar ass 与hu stle的结合、ha ggle与tu ssle 的结合和 ha ggle与wre stle 的结合。 尽管有这么多的可能性，但很显然，象hassle 这样的词仍“无源可溯” 〔possible〕Of uncertain likelihood.不确定的，有可能的：关于不明确的可能性的〔like〕As if the probability exists for:象要：似有…的可能性：〔inactive〕 Dormant refers principally to a state of suspended activitybut often implies the possibility of renewal: Dormant 主要指暂停活动的状态，但常含有恢复活动的可能性： 〔reproach〕So good as to preclude any possibility of criticism.无可指摘：十分完美的以至于排除了任何受批评的可能性〔mathematical〕The team has only a mathematical chance to win the championship.这个队赢得冠军的可能性极小〔probability〕The likelihood that a given event will occur:可能性：某事发生的可能性：〔preclude〕To make impossible, as by action taken in advance; prevent.See Synonyms at prevent 预防：预先采取行动以取消可能性；阻止 参见 prevent〔defeatism〕Acceptance of or resignation to the prospect of defeat.失败主义：对失败的可能性的无可奈何的接受〔wild〕Based on little or no evidence or probability; unfounded:无证据的： 基于很少证据或可能性的；无根据的：〔might〕Used to indicate a possibility or probability that is weaker thanmay : 可能：用于表示一种可行性或可能性，比may 的语气弱： 〔prevent〕"The surest way to prevent war is not to fear it" (John Randolph).Topreclude is to exclude the possibility of the occurrence of an event or action: “阻止战争最有把握的方法是不要害怕” （约翰·伦道夫）。Preclude 指排除某事或行为发生的可能性： 〔kludge〕The wordkludge is not "etymologist-friendly,” having many possible origins,none of which can be definitively established.This term, found frequently in the jargon of the engineering and computer professions,denotes a usually workable but makeshift system, modification, solution, or repair.Kludge has had a relatively short life (first recorded in 1962 although it is said to have been used as early as 1944 or 1945) for a word with so many possible origins. The proposed sources of the word, Germanklug, kluge, "intelligent, clever,” or a blend ofklutz and nudge or klutz and refudge, do not contain all the necessary sounds to give us the word,correctly pronounced at least.The notions thatkludge may have been coined by a computer technician or that it might be the last name of a designer of graphics hardware seem belied by the possibility that it is older than such origins would allow.It seems most likely that the wordkludge originally was formed during the course of a specific situation in which such a device was called for.The makers of the word,if still alive,are no doubt unaware that etymologists need informationso they can stop trying to "kludge" an etymology together.单词kludge 不是“词源学家的朋友”， 有很多可能的来源，每一个都不能准确成立。这个词，经常在工程和电脑业的行话中找到，表示一个通常能工作但是临时凑合的系统、修改、解答或修理。作为一个有这么多可能的来源的词，kludge 却有一个相对小的年纪（1962年第一次有记载，尽管据说早到1944年或1945年就已经使用）。 该词被推荐的来源是德文klug, kluge “聪明的，灵巧的”， 或者klutz 和 nudge 的混合或 klutz 和 refudge 的混合， 没有包含能向我们给出这个词的所有必需的声音，至少是正确的发音。kludge 可能是由电脑技术人员杜撰的或者它可能是图形显示硬件的一名设计者的姓， 这些看法由于它比这些来源能允许的时间要早的可能性而被误解。看起来最可能的是单词kludge ， 最早是在需要这样的设备的特定环境中形成的。这一单词的制造者，如果还健在的话，毫无疑问意识不到词源学家需要此类信息，这样他们才能终止“临时搭配”成一个词源的努力〔collegium〕"This standing firm . . . enables the college to be a community, a collegium of students and faculty working at common problems and possibilities from the shared perspective of the liberal arts"(Robert A. Spivey)“该常设机构…使这个学院成为一个共同体，一个由教师与学生组成的群体，从对人文科学的共同认识出发，解决共同的问题，探索共同的可能性”(罗伯特A.斯皮维)〔must〕Used to indicate inevitability or certainty:表示不可避免性或者可能性：〔agnostic〕One who believes that there can be no proof of the existence of God but does not deny the possibility that God exists.不可知论者：相信无法证实上帝的存在但又不否认上帝存在可能性的人〔die〕To resist against overwhelming, hopeless odds:顽固到底：抵制无希望的、可能性很小的条件：〔cushy〕Sincecushy has such an informal, breezy, American ring, it is difficult to believe that it is an import, as some etymologists claim.Members of the British army in India are supposed to have picked up the Anglo-Indian version of the Hindi word±hūush, meaning "pleasant,” to which the suffix-y, as in empty and sexy, was added, thus forming a new English word. Cushy, however, is actually first recorded in a letter from the European battlefront during World War I. This fact, in conjunction with our inability to find an Anglo-Indian source,casts some doubt on the Hindi or Anglo-Indian origin ofcushy. Two other possibilities are thatcushy is a shortening of cushion with the -y suffix or that it is a borrowing of Frenchcouchée, "lying down; a bed.” 既然cushy 一词具有如此非正式的、愉快的美国意义， 很难相信某些词源学者所认为的说它是一个外来词。驻印度的英国军队士兵被认为是选用了印度英语±hūush 的英语说法，意思是“愉悦的”， 并如同empty 和 sexy 等词在其上加了 -y 这个后缀，从而形成了一个新英语单词。 然而，事实上cushy 一词却最先被记录在第一次世界大战期间发自欧洲战斗前线的一封信里。 这一事实，再加上我们无法找到其印度英语的词源，使我们对于cushy 一词源于印地语或印度英语的说法产生了某些怀疑。 另两种可能性，一种是cushy ，它是 cushion 的缩略形式再加上后缀 -y ； 另一种是法语couchee “躺下；床”的外来语 〔forbidden〕Having a low probability of occurrence. Used of quantum phenomena:被禁止的：具有很小的发生可能性的。用在量子现象中：〔ideal〕Lacking practicality or the possibility of realization.假设的，虚幻的：缺少现实性或实现的可能性的〔moral〕Based on strong likelihood or firm conviction, rather than on the actual evidence:内心确信的：基于很强的可能性或坚定的信服，而不是实在的证据的：〔tossup〕It is a tossup whether we will win or lose.我们赢或输的可能性均等〔thanks〕"our national good fortune in having avoided, thanks to the religion clauses of the First Amendment, the dismal possibilities of religious censorship"(Benno C. Schmidt, Jr.)“我们国家的已避免的好运，是由于第一修正案中的宗教条款，排除了宗教的可能性”(小本诺C.施米特)〔prognosis〕The likelihood of recovery from a disease.预后：从病中痊愈的可能性〔possibility〕The fact or state of being possible.可能，可能性：可能的事实或状态〔infer〕When the mayor said that she would not rule out a business tax increase, she implied (not inferred ) that some taxes might be raised. 当市长说她不排除商业税增涨的可能性时，她暗指（不是 inferred ) 可能要提高某些税收。 〔could〕Used to indicate ability, possibility, or permission in the past:用来表示过去的能力、可能性或允许：〔operable〕Treatable by surgical operation with a reasonable degree of safety and chance of success:可以治疗的：可以用有一定安全性和成功可能性的外科手术治疗的：〔liable〕Liable, apt, and likely are often used interchangeably in constructions with following infinitives, as inJohn is liable to lose, John is apt to lose, and John is likely to lose. The three words are distinct in meaning.A widely repeated rule holdsthatliable should only be used if the subject would be adversely affected by the outcome expressed by the infinitive. The rule therefore permitsJohn is liable to fall out of his chair if he doesn't sit up straight but notThe chair is liable to be slippery, though constructions of the latter type have long been common in reputable writing.Apt usually suggests that the subject has a natural tendency enhancing the probability of an outcome, and that the speaker is in some way apprehensive about the outcome.Thusapt is more naturally used in a sentence like The fuel pump is apt to give out at any minute than in Even the clearest instructions are apt to be misinterpreted by those idiots (since the instructions are not at fault)or inThe fuel pump is apt to give you no problems for the life of the car (since there is no reason that the speaker should regard such an outcome as unfortunate).Likely is more general than either liable or apt. It ascribes no particular property to the subject that enhances the probability of the outcome:whileJohn is apt to lose the election may suggest that the loss will result from something John does or fails to do, John is likely to lose the election does not. Nor does it suggest anything about the desirability of the outcome from the point of view of either the speaker or the subject.A football coach who saysWe are apt to win may be suspected of sarcasm,and one who saysWe are liable to win may be suspected of having bet on the opposition;onlyWe are likely to win is consistent with the expression of an unambivalent expectation of victory. See Usage Note at likely Liable，apt 和 likely 在如下不定式结构中经常可以互换， 例如 John is liable to lose，John is apt to lose 和 John is likely to lose 。 这三个词的意思是有区别的。一条公认的语法规则认为，只有当主语受不定式所表示的动作或结果的不利影响时，才使用liable 。 因此这条规则允许说如果约翰不坐直身子的话，他很容易从椅子上掉下来的 ， 但不允许说椅子可能很滑 ， 尽管在规范的写作中，后一种类型的句型已经很普遍了。Apt 通常表示主语有增加某种结果的可能性的自然倾向， 而且说话者对此结果多少有些忧虑。因此，apt 用在句子 燃料泵可能随时停止运转 中，比用在 即使是最明了的指令也有可能被那些白痴误解 中更自然 （因为错的不是指令），也比用在燃料可能不会对你的车的使用寿命带来什么问题 中更合适 （因为说话者没有理由认为这样一个结果很不幸）。Likely 比 liable 或 apt 更具概括性。 它并不说明增加了一个结果的可能性的主语是否具有何特性：句子约翰在选举中可能会失败 可能暗示失败归因于约翰所做的或没能做的某件事， 而句子约翰在选举中有可能失败 则没有这种暗示。 另外，它也没有关于说话者或主语是否喜欢某一结果的暗示。如果一位足球教练说We are apt to win ， 他可能带有讽刺意味，但如果他说We are liable to win ， 他的意思是他认为他们可能会输；只有说We are likely to win ，才明确表示有希望获胜 参见 likely〔verisimilitude〕The quality of appearing to be true or real.See Synonyms at truth 逼真；可能性：貌似正确或真实的性质 参见 truth〔permit〕To afford opportunity or possibility for:有可能：提供…机会或可能性：〔existence〕a fantasy that progressed from possibility to actuality;幻想已由可能性演化为现实性；〔tendency〕A characteristic likelihood:可能性：特征上的可能性：〔off〕stopped by on the off chance that they're home.停下车看看，既使他们在家的可能性很小〔explore〕explore every possibility.系统地研究每一个可能性〔eventuality〕Something that may occur; a possibility.可能性：可能发生的事；可能性 |
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