| 单词 | 同等 |
| 释义 | 〔equal〕One that is equal to another:同等的人：与另一人相同的人：〔peer〕from Old French per [equal, peer] 源自 古法语 per [同等的人，同伴] 〔equivalent〕from Late Latin aequivalēns aequivalent- [present participle of] aequivalēre [to have equal force] 源自 后期拉丁语 aequivalēns aequivalent- aequivalēre的现在分词 [具有同等的力量] 〔level〕Being at the same degree of rank, standing, or advantage as another; equal.同等的：与其他人或物在地位、程度或条件上相同的；平等的〔equilibrium〕aequi- [equi-] aequi- [表示“同等”的构词成分] 〔hypergamy〕The practice of marrying into an equal or more prestigious social group or caste.高攀婚姻：与一个同等或甚至于更具声望的社群团体或阶层联姻〔crucible〕"Yale is a crucible in American life for the accommodation of intellectual achievement, of wisdom, of refinement, with the democratic ideals of openness, of social justice and of equal opportunity"(Benno C. Schmidt, Jr.)“耶鲁大学是美国生活中的一个熔炉，它为智力成就、智慧和精确提供了便利，具有开放、社会公正以及机会同等的民主观念”(小本诺C.施米特)〔deputy〕An assistant exercising full authority in the absence of his or her superior and equal authority in emergencies:副手：在其主管不在时行使主管全部职权或在紧急时刻行使与主管同等职权的助手：〔coordinate〕One that is equal in importance, rank, or degree.同等的人或物：在重要性、等级或程度上相同的人或物〔even〕Use even amounts of butter and sugar.用同等数量的奶油和糖〔peer〕A person who has equal standing with another or others, as in rank, class, or age:同辈，同等的人：与他人在如爵位、阶级或年龄上相当的人：〔counterpoise〕To act against with an equal force or power; offset.抵消，抵制：以同等的力或权力来反对；抵制〔reveille〕This bugle call or its equivalent.此号音或其同等音〔equal〕Being the same for all members of a group:同等的：对群体中的成员人人同等：〔sponge〕Porous plastics, rubber, cellulose, or other material, similar in absorbency to this skeleton and used for the same purposes.人造海绵：多孔的塑料、橡胶、纤维质或其他物质，与海绵体的吸收性能相近，用于同等用途〔emmenagogue〕A drug or an agent that induces or hastens menstrual flow.通经药：引发或加速月经流量的药物或有同等效用的物品〔coordinate〕Of equal importance, rank, or degree:同等的：在重要性、等级或程度上相同的：〔Washington〕The capital of the United States, on the Potomac River between Virginia and Maryland and coextensive with the District of Columbia. It was designed by Pierre L'Enfant and became the capital in 1800. In the War of 1812 the British captured and sacked (1814) Washington, burning most of the public buildings, including the Capitol and the White House. Population, 609,909.华盛顿特区：美国首都，位于弗吉尼亚和马里兰之间的波多马克河畔，与哥伦比亚特区具有同等范围。它由皮埃尔·L·昂方设计，于1800年成为首都。在1812年战争中，英军占领并洗劫了华盛顿(1814年），烧毁了大部分公共建筑，包括国会大厦及白宫。人口609,909〔equal〕It has been argued thatequal is an absolute term— two quantities either are or are not equal—and hence cannot be qualified as to degree.Therefore one cannot logically speak ofa more equal allocation of resources among the departments. However, this usage was accepted by 71 percent of the Usage Panel in an earlier survey.What is more, objection to the usage betrays a widespread but questionable assumptionthat it is in mathematics and logic that we find the model of accuracy most appropriate to the everyday use of language,a supposition that also underlies traditional grammatical discussions of words such asunique, parallel, and center. According to this account,the "precise" or "literal" meaning ofequal is realized in the use of the equal sign in an arithmetic expression such as 5 + 2 = 7; and the ordinary-language uses of the term,though they may be permissible,represent "loose" or "imprecise" extensions of that sense.But in fact the mathematical concept of equality is a poor model for using the wordequal to describe relations between things in the world. As applied to such things,statements of equality are always relative to an implicit standard of tolerance.When someone saysThe two boards are of equal length, we assume that the equality is reckoned to some order of approximation determined by the context;if we did not,we would be required always to usenearly equal when speaking of the dimensions of physical objects. What is more,we often want to predicate equality of things that do not admit of quantitative measurement,as when we sayThe college draft was introduced in an effort to make the teams in the National Football League as equal as possible, orThe candidates for the job should all be given equal consideration. In all such cases,equality is naturally a gradient notionand so is amenable to modification in degree.This much is evident from the existence of the wordunequal. The prefixun- attaches only to gradient adjectives: we sayunmanly but not unmale; and the worduneven can be applied to a surface (whose evenness may be a matter of degree) but not to a number (whose evenness is an either-or affair). ·The adverbequally is generally regarded as redundant when used in combination with as, and the following examples employingequally as were termed unacceptable by 63 percent of the Usage Panel in an earlier survey: 单词equal 一向被认为是一个很绝对的词语—— 两个数量要么相同要么不同——这样就不能有程度上的差别。所以，如果有人说在各部门间对资源更公平的分配 ，那么就不合逻辑了。 但是这种用法在早先的用法调查中被百分之七十一用法使用小组的人接受。而且，对这种用法的反对体现出了一种很流行但却值得怀疑的假设，那就是我们从数学和逻辑中得出适用于日常语言准确性的实例，而这种假设也可从我们对一些词，如unique，parallel 和 center 传统的语法讨论中体现出来。 根据这个解释，equal “准确”或“书面”的意思则是由在算术表达式，如5+2=7中所运用的相同的符号而表达清楚的； 而该词在日常语言中的用法，虽然被允许，但却代表了其含意“松散”或“不严谨”的引申。但是实际上用数学概念上的相等来运用equal 这个词描述世上各种事物之间的关系是一个很差劲的例子。 当该词应用于生活中的事物时，相等的观念往往与暗含的容忍相关联。当有人说两块木板同样长 时， 我们会认为由于上下文的关系，相等可以被看作大约近似；如果我们不这样想，那么当我们谈到物体的尺寸时，就要经常使用nearly equal 。 另外，我们常常会预测和数量无关的事物的相同性，比如我们会说，引入大学的要求是为了使全国足球联合会中的各队尽可能平等 ， 或者应给予该项工作的应征者同等的考虑 。 在所有这些例子中，相等是个可变化的概念，所以可在程度有所不同。Unequal 这个词的存在就是很好的证明。 un- 这个前缀只附加于有程序变化的形容词， 我们说unmanly 但不说 unmale ； 而uneven 这个词只能用于某物的表面（其平坦可有程度上的差别）， 而不能用于数目（数目只能说相等或不相等）。Equally 这一副词在与 as 连用时通常被认为是多余的， 在早先的用法调查中，以下这些使用equally as 的句子遭到百分之六十三使用小组的人反对： 〔sale〕The exchange of goods or services for an amount of money or its equivalent; the act of selling.卖，销售：为一定数量的金钱或同等货物而交换货物；卖〔income〕Abbr. inc.The amount of money or its equivalent received during a period of time in exchange for labor or services, from the sale of goods or property, or as profit from financial investments.缩写 inc.收入，进款：用一段时间的劳力或服务而换得的金钱收益或同等收益，如出售货物或资产投资的收益〔Aquitania〕A Roman division of southwest Gaul extending from the Pyrenees to the Garonne River and roughly coextensive with the historical region of Aquitaine. Its Iberian peoples were conquered by Julius Caesar in 56b.c. The region passed to the Franks in a.d. 507. 阿基塔尼亚：高卢西南的罗马分界线，从比利牛斯山延伸到加隆河，并大致与阿基坦的历史地域范围同等。其伊比利亚人于公元前 56年被朱利亚斯·凯撒征服。该地区于 公元 507年划归法国 〔countervail〕To act against with equal force; counteract.用同等的力来反抗；抵消〔rummy〕A card game, played in many variations, in which the object is to obtain sets of three or more cards of the same rank or suit.拉米纸牌戏：有各种玩法的一种纸牌游戏，目的是形成三个或三个以上的同等数字或花色的牌〔coordinate〕coordinate offices of a business.业务上同等的办事处〔entitle〕The coupon entitles the bearer to a 25 percent savings. Every citizen is entitled to equal protection under the law.债券占其所有人存款总额的百分之二十五。每个公民都有权依法受同等保护〔par〕An equality of status, level, or value; equal footing:同等：地位、水平或价值相等；相同的基础：〔associate〕Joined with another or others and having equal or nearly equal status:与别人有联系的：加入另一人或其他人并享有同等或几乎同等地位：〔equal〕gave every player an equal chance to win.给每一个运动员同等的获胜机会 |
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