| 单词 | 同素异形 |
| 释义 | 〔manganese〕A gray-white or silvery brittle metallic element, occurring in several allotropic forms, found worldwide, especially in the ores pyrolusite and rhodochrosite and in nodules on the ocean floor. It is alloyed with steel to increase strength, hardness, wear resistance, and other properties and with other metals to form highly ferromagnetic materials. Atomic number 25; atomic weight 54.9380; melting point 1,244°C; boiling point 1,962°C; specific gravity 7.21 to 7.44; valence 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7. See table at element 锰：一种呈灰白色或银白色的易脆金属，产生于几种同素异形体中，世界各地均有，尤其盛产于软锰矿、菱锰矿和海底的结核中。它与钢的合金可增加强力、硬度、抗腐蚀力以及其它特性；与其它金属可以合成高铁磁性的材料。原子序数为25；原子量54.9380；熔点1,224°C；沸点1,962°C；比重7.21至7.44；化合价为1,2,3,4,6,7 参见 element〔arsenic〕Symbol As A highly poisonous metallic element having three allotropic forms, yellow, black, and gray, of which the brittle, crystalline gray is the most common. Arsenic and its compounds are used in insecticides, weed killers, solid-state doping agents, and various alloys. Atomic number 33; atomic weight 74.922; valence 3, 5. Gray arsenic melts at 817°C (at 28 atm pressure), sublimes at 613°C, and has a specific gravity of 5.73. See table at element 符号 As 砷：一种有剧毒的金属元素，有黄、黑、灰三种同素异形体，其中质脆，结晶体的灰色形体最为常见。砷及其化合物用于杀虫剂，除草剂，固体添加剂和各种合金。原子序数33；原子量74.922；化合价3，5。灰色砷熔点为817°C（在28气压时），613°C升华，比重5.73 参见 element〔sulfur〕A pale yellow nonmetallic element occurring widely in nature in several free and combined allotropic forms. It is used in black gunpowder, rubber vulcanization, the manufacture of insecticides and pharmaceuticals, and in the preparation of sulfur compounds such as hydrogen sulfide and sulfuric acid. Atomic number 16; atomic weight 32.064; melting point (rhombic) 112.8°C; (monoclinic) 119.0°C; boiling point 444.6°C; specific gravity (rhombic) 2.07; (monoclinic) 1.957; valence 2, 4, 6. See table at element 硫，硫磺：一种浅黄色的非金属元素，以几种游离的或结合的同素异形形态广泛存在于自然界中。硫磺可用于黑火药、橡胶的硫化、杀虫剂和药物的制作以及硫化合物（如硫化氢和硫酸）的配制。原子序数16；原子量32.064；熔点（正交晶）112.8°C；（单结晶）119.0°C；沸点444.6°C；比重（正交晶）2.07；（单结晶）1.957；化合价2,4,6 参见 element〔ytterbium〕A soft, bright, silvery rare-earth element occurring in two allotropic forms and used as an x-ray source for portable irradiation devices, in some laser materials, and in some special alloys. Atomic number 70; atomic weight 173.04; melting point 824°C; boiling point 1,196°C; specific gravity 6.972 or 6.54 (25°C) depending on allotropic form; valence 2, 3. See table at element 镱：一种柔软、明亮的银色稀土元素，存在于两种同素异形体中，被用作便携式的放射线治疗设备的X射线源，也用于一些激光物质和特殊合金中。原子序数70；原子量173.04；熔点824°C；沸点1,196°C；比重依两种同素形体6.972或6.54(25°C)；化合价2,3 参见 element〔antimony〕A metallic element having four allotropic forms, the most common of which is a hard, extremely brittle, lustrous, silver-white, crystalline material. It is used in a wide variety of alloys, especially with lead in battery plates, and in the manufacture of flame-proofing compounds, paint, semiconductor devices, and ceramic products. Atomic number 51; atomic weight 121.75; melting point 630.5°C; boiling point 1,380°C; specific gravity 6.691; valence 3, 5. See table at element 锑：一种金属元素，有四个同素异形体，最常见的是一种硬而脆的银白色发光晶体物质。锑普遍用于各种合金，特别是和铅一起用于电池极板，制造防火合成物、油漆、半导体装置和陶瓷制品。原子序数为51；原子量为121.75；熔点为630.5°C；沸点1,380°C；比重为6.691；化合价为3,5 参见 element〔ozone〕A blue gaseous allotrope of oxygen, O3, formed naturally from diatomic oxygen by electric discharge or exposure to ultraviolet radiation. It is an unstable, powerfully bleaching, poisonous oxidizing agent with a pungent, irritating odor, used to deodorize air, purify water, treat industrial wastes and as a bleach. 臭氧：一种气态氧气的同素异形体，O3在紫外线辐射下通过电子放射或暴晒从双原子氧气自然形成。它是一种不稳定的具有强漂白性的，有毒的氧化剂，有臭的刺激性的气味，用来除去空气的异味，净化水，处理工业废物和作为漂白剂 〔neodymium〕A bright, silvery rare-earth metal element, found in monazite and bastnaesite and used for coloring glass and for doping some glass lasers. Atomic number 60; atomic weight 144.24; melting point 1,024°C; boiling point 3,027°C; specific gravity 6.80 or 7.004 (depending on allotropic form); valence 3. See table at element 钕：一种亮银色的稀土金属元素，见于单独在石和氟碳锑矿中存在，用于给玻璃染色和给一些玻光器上色。原子序数60；原子量144.24；熔点1,024°C；沸点是3,027°C；比重6.80或7.004（视同素异形体而不同）；化合价3 参见 element〔silicon〕A nonmetallic element occurring extensively in the earth's crust in silica and silicates, having both an amorphous and a crystalline allotrope, and used doped or in combination with other materials in glass, semiconducting devices, concrete, brick, refractories, pottery, and silicones. Atomic number 14; atomic weight 28.086; melting point 1,410°C; boiling point 2,355°C; specific gravity 2.33; valence 4. See table at element 硅：一种非金属元素，广泛存在于地壳的硅酸盐和硅石中，有非晶体和晶体的同素异形体，与其它材料掺杂或结合，用于制造玻璃、半导体材料、混凝土、砖、耐火材料、陶瓷和矽氧烷。原子序数14；原子量28.086；熔点1,410°C；沸点2,355°C；比重2.33；化合价4 参见 element〔phosphorus〕Symbol P A highly reactive, poisonous, nonmetallic element occurring naturally in phosphates, especially apatite, and existing in three allotropic forms, white (or sometimes yellow), red, and black. An essential constituent of protoplasm, it is used in safety matches, pyrotechnics, incendiary shells, and fertilizers and to protect metal surfaces from corrosion. Atomic number 15; atomic weight 30.9738; melting point (white) 44.1°C; boiling point 280°C; specific gravity (white) 1.82; valence 3, 5. See table at element 符号 P 磷：一种易起化学反应的、有毒的非金属元素，常在磷酸盐中天然存在，尤其是磷灰石，以三种同素异形的形式存在，为白色（有时是黄色），红色和黑色，是原生质的基本成分，可用于安全火柴、烟花、燃烧弹和化肥，还可以保护金属表面免于腐蚀。原子序数为15；原子量30.9738；熔点（白色的）为44.1°C；沸点为280°C；比重（白色的）1.82；化合价3,5 参见 element〔allotropy〕The existence, especially in the solid state, of two or more crystalline or molecular structural forms of an element.同素异形现象：一种元素中有两种或更多的晶体或分子结构形式，特别是以固态存在的现象〔allotrope〕A structurally differentiated form of an element that exhibits allotropy.同素异形体：化学元素的结构分化形式，表现为同素异形现象 |
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