| 单词 | 名字 |
| 释义 | 〔throw〕They sat around throwing out names of people they might want to invite to the party.他们坐成一圈，提出想邀请参加聚会者的名字〔Picardy〕A historical region of northern France bordering on the English Channel. The name was first used in the 13th century for a number of small feudal holdings. Picardy was contested by France and England during the Hundred Years' War and became part of the French crown lands in 1477.皮卡地区：法国北部一个历史上著名的地区，濒临英吉利海峡。这个名字最先用于13世纪，用来指一些小的封建领地。在英法百年战争期间，皮卡地区曾是英法争夺的地方，1477年成为法国王室领地的一部分〔coinage〕"Count Gengler was of common coinage, but in coming to America he took on a royal name"(Jimmy Breslin)“吉勒伯爵出身平凡，但到美洲大陆后就冠上了皇家的名字”(吉米·布雷斯林)〔enroll〕To place one's name on a roll or register; sign up:注册登记：注册、记录某人名字在花名册上；登记：〔antonomasia〕The substitution of a personal name for a common noun to designate a member of a group or class, as in calling a traitor a "Benedict Arnold.”代类名：以个人名字代替一普通名词来代表一组或一类的成员之一，如将叛徒称为“本尼狄克·阿诺德”〔abecedarian〕[from the names of the letters A B C D] [从字母ABCD的名字而来] 〔joual〕London has Cockney;Liverpool has Scouse.Certain dialects often become so famous and distinctivethat they acquire names.Such is the case with the Canadian French dialect known in Quebec and in Maine asjoual or jooal. The name, derived from a regional dialect pronunciation of the wordcheval, "horse,” is applied to the rural French patois of Quebec.Canadian opinions differ as to whetherjoual is a "language" of its own or merely a regional French characterized by nonstandard grammar and heavy borrowing from English words and word order. 伦敦有伦敦东区土话；利物浦有利物浦方言。某些方言常常变得非常著名并且有特色，以致于需要有专门的名称。这种在魁北克省和缅因州被称为joual 或 jooal 的加拿大法语方言即是如此。 这个名字来源于cheval （即“马”）一词的地区方言性发音， 它指魁北克省农村地区的法语土话。对于joual 是一种独立的“语言”，还是仅仅是一种以不正规语法及许多英语外来词和词序为特征的地域性法语，加拿大人的看法不一 〔letter〕An emblem in the shape of the initial of a school awarded for outstanding performance, especially in varsity athletics.校名字首形式的徽章：以学校名字首字母的形状制成的徽章，奖给那些表现优异的人，尤指那些大学体育竞赛中表现优异者〔sarcophagus〕A gruesome name befits a gruesome thing,as in the case ofsarcophagus, our term for a stone coffin, often a decorated one, that is located above ground. The word comes to us from Latin and Greek,having been derived in Greek fromsarx, "flesh,” and phagein, "to eat.” The Greek wordsarkophagos meant "eating flesh,” and in the phraselithos ("stone") sarcophagos denoted a limestone that was thought to decompose the flesh of corpses placed in it. The Greek term used by itself as a noun then came to mean "coffin.”The term was carried over into Latin,wheresarcophagus was used in the phrase lapis ("stone") sarcophagus, referring to the same stone as in Greek. Sarcophagus used as a noun in Latin meant "coffin of any material.” This Latin word was borrowed into English,first being recorded in 1601 with reference to the flesh-consuming stone and then in 1705 with reference to a stone coffin.恐怖的名字适合恐怖的事物，如Sarcophagus （指石棺的专有名称）一词，常指一个置于地上的装饰过的石棺。 该词源于拉丁语和希腊语，即从希腊语sarx （“肉”）和 phagein （“吃”）而来。 希腊词sarkophagos 意为“吃肉”， 而在短语lithos （“石头”） sarcophagos 中则指被认为能腐蚀其中尸体腐肉的石头。 该希腊词单独作为名词使用，后来指“棺材”。该词后来被引入拉丁语，sarcophagus 在短语 lapis （“石头”） sarcophagus 中指代其在希腊文中指代的同种石头。 Sarcophagus 在拉丁文中用作名词，指“任何材料做成的棺材”。 该拉丁词后来被借用于英语中，最初记载于1601年，指腐蚀肉的石头，后来在1705年开始指石棺〔post〕To publish (a name) on a list.将（名字）列入名单〔tick〕ticked off each name as the roll was called.点名时在每个名字旁边打一个勾〔rickey〕Probably from the name Rickey 可能源自名字 Rickey 〔remove〕removed his name from consideration.他的名字排除在考虑的范围之外〔register〕To have one's name officially placed on a list of eligible voters.登记在：使自己的名字正式列入合法投票人的名单中〔heteronymous〕Greek onoma [name] * see nÒ-men- 希腊语 onoma [名字] * 参见 nÒ-men- 〔dickens〕Perhaps from the name Dickens [from diminutive of] Dick * see dick 2可能源自名字 Dickens 源自Dick的小后缀 * 参见 dick2〔tag〕"Instead of a cursive linear tag, Super Kool painted his name along the exterior of a subway car in huge block pink and yellow letters"(Eric Scigliano)“苏帕·库尔没有把他的名字涂划成一根潦草的线条，而是用大块地粉红和黄色字体把它涂在了一节地铁车厢的外面”(埃里克·西格里亚诺)〔noun〕Middle English [name, noun] 中古英语 [名字，名词] 〔Belgae〕A people who formerly inhabited northeast Gaul and areas of southeast England. Belgium is named for them.比利时人：指曾居住在高卢东北部和英格兰东南地区的一个民族。比利其以这个民族的名字命名〔Bolshevik〕The wordBolshevik, an emotionally charged term in English, is derived from a very common word in Russian,bol'she, "bigger, more,” the comparative form ofbol'shoĭ, "big.” The nameBol'shevik was given to the faction in the majority at the Second Congress of the Russian Social Democratic Workers' Party in 1903 (the term is first recorded in English in 1907).The smaller faction was known asMen'sheviki, from men'she, "less, smaller,” the comparative ofmalyĭ, "little, few.” TheBol'sheviki, who sided with Lenin in the split that followed the Congress, subsequently became the Russian Communist Party.In 1952 the wordBol'shevik was dropped as an official term in the Soviet Union, but it had long since passed into other languages, including English.It had even spawned the slang termbolshie, though there is nomenshie. 单词Bolshevik 在英语中是带有感情色彩的单词， 来源于俄语中非常普通的词bol'she “较大的，较多的”， 是bol'shoi “大”的比较级形式。 Bol'shevik 这个名字是给予1903年俄国社会民主工人党第二次大会时的多数派的 （英语中最早记有该词是1907年）。少数派即著名的Men'sheviki 来源于 men'she， “较少，较小”， 是malyi “小，少”的比较级形式。 Bol'sheviki ，即讨论会后分裂时站在列宁一边的那些人， 后来成为俄国共产党。1952年，Bol'shevik 一词成为苏联的官方术语。 但它已传入包括英语的其他语言。它甚至衍生了一个俚语词bolshie， 尽管不存在menshie 〔Rolodex〕"Their names can be found in Rolodexes all over town"(New York Times)“他们的名字可以在全镇的罗拉代克斯卡上找到”(纽约时报)〔caconym〕An erroneous name, especially in taxonomic classification; a misnomer.误命名，不当名称：错误的名字，尤指动植物分类中；命名不当〔esquire〕Esquire Abbr. Esq.Used as an honorific usually in its abbreviated form, especially after the name of an attorney or a consular officer: Esquire 缩写 Esq.…先生：经常使用其简写形式Esq.表示尊重，特别用在辩护律师或领事馆官员的名字后面：〔malaprop〕"She's as headstrong as an allegory on the banks of the Nile" and "He is the very pineapple of politeness" are two of the statements from the mouth of Mrs. Malapropthat helped her name become synonymous with ludicrous misuse of language.Mrs. Malaprop, a character in Richard Brinsley Sheridan's playThe Rivals, produced in 1775, consistently uses language malapropos,that is, inappropriately.The wordmalapropos comes from the French phrase mal à propos, made up ofmal, "badly,” à, "to,” and propos, "purpose, subject,” and literally means "badly to the purpose,” or "inappropriate.” The Rivals was a popular play, and Mrs. Malaprop became enshrined in a common noun,first in the formmalaprop and later inmalapropism, which is first recorded in 1849.Perhaps that is what Mrs. Malaprop fearedwhen she said "An aspersion upon my parts of speech" and "If I reprehend any thing in this world,it is the use of my oracular tongue,and a nice derangement of epitaphs!”“她与尼罗河堤岸上的寓言一样顽固”和“他正是礼貌的菠萝”是从马勒普罗太太嘴里说出的两句话。她的这张嘴使她的名字成为荒唐地错用语言的代名词。1775 年，理查德·布林斯利·夏里丹写成了剧本情敌 ，马勒普罗太太就是这剧中的一个人物。 她不断地误用词语，即遣词造句不当。单词malapropos 来源于法语短语 mal _ propos， 构成是mal， “坏地”， _ “对于”和 propos， “目的，目标”结合起来，意指“对于目标不适当地”或“不恰当的”。 情敌 是一部很受欢迎的戏剧， 马勒普罗太太逐渐演变成一个大家都接受的名词。这个名词一开始的形式是malaprop ， 后来变成malapropism， 最早的记载是在1849年。可能使马勒普罗太太最为担心的，是当她说“对我部分言语所进行的诽谤”和“如果我还对这个世界上的任何事物能理解的话，那就是我玄妙的言语运用，以及墓志铭上那美妙的错乱!”〔nickname〕A familiar or shortened form of a proper name.缩写，常用的形式：一个名字的熟悉的或缩写的形式〔Britain〕The island of Great Britain during pre-Roman, Roman, and early Anglo-Saxon times before the reign of Alfred the Great (871-899). The name is derived fromBrittania, which the Romans used for the portion of the island that they occupied. 不列颠：在前罗马、罗马以及艾弗烈大帝统治(871-899年）前的早期盎格鲁-撒克逊人统治时期的大不列颠岛。名字来源于《布列塔尼亚》 ，罗马人用它来指他们占领的那部分岛屿 〔hamburger〕After having eaten countless hamburgers,one may perhaps be interested in knowing more about the origins of the name.By the middle of the 19th century people in Hamburg, Germany,the busiest port in West Germany today,enjoyed pounded beefsteak in some form.Perhaps brought to America by the large numbers of Germans who migrated around that time,this sort of dish with the nameHamburg steak may have appeared on a menu as early as 1836. The first recorded use ofHamburg steak is found in 1884 in the Boston Journal, withhamburger steak being first recorded in a Walla Walla, Washington, newspaper in 1889. A 1902 cookbook contains a recipe for Hamburg steak that is closer to our conception,a recipe using ground beef mixed with onion and pepper.The hamburger was on its way,as was the Americanismhamburger. 在吃完了数不清的汉堡包之后，人们可能会有兴趣更多地知道一些关于这个名字由来的知识。直至19世纪中叶住在德国汉堡，这个今日德国最为繁忙的港口的人们，喜欢把牛排捣碎成一定形状。也许是被当时的大量德国移民传至美洲，这道以Hamburg steak 命名的菜最早出现在菜单上是在1836年。 Hamburg steak 第一次见诸于铅字是在1884年的 波士顿日报 ， 而hamburger steak 第一次见诸于铅字是在1889年华盛顿州的沃拉沃拉市的一家报纸上。 到1902年烹饪书上关于汉堡牛排的调制法与我们今天的概念已经很接近了，就是用碎牛肉和洋葱与胡椒粉拌在一起。汉堡包已被广泛使用，如美国方式的hamburger 〔onomastics〕The study of the origins and forms of proper names.专有名词：关于专门名字的来源和形式的研究〔johnboat〕Probably from the name John 可能源自名字 John 〔nelly〕Probably from the name Nelly 可能源自名字 Nelly 〔nance〕Short for the name Nancy 名字 Nancy的简写 〔engrave〕engraved the champion's name on the trophy.将冠军的名字刻到奖品上〔denote〕To serve as a symbol or name for the meaning of; signify:表示，意为：作为一个表达该意义的符号或名字；意为：〔after〕named after her mother.以他母亲的名字命名〔gurney〕Possibly from the name Gurney 可能源自名字 Gurney 〔rigmarole〕Anglo-Norman Ragemon le bon [Ragemon the Good, title of a set of verses about a character of this name] 英法语 Ragemon le bon [《好雷格蒙》，是有关这个名字人物的系列散文标题] 〔misnomer〕Application of a wrong name.名称的误用：一个错误的名字使用〔lead〕The queen led the procession. My name led the list.女王走在游行队伍的前列。我的名字排在第一位〔resound〕Picasso—a name to resound for ages in art history.毕加索——艺术史上一个长期被称颂的名字〔Madam〕pl. Mes.dames[mā-dămʹ, -dämʹ] Used formerly as a courtesy title before a woman's given name but now used only before a surname or title indicating rank or office:【复数】 Mes.dames[mā-dămʹ, -dämʹ] 夫人：原用作礼貌的称呼，放在妇女的名字之前，但现只用于姓或头衔之前表示地位或官职： |
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