| 单词 | 名称 |
| 释义 | 〔sargassum〕New Latin Sargassum [genus name] 新拉丁语 Sargassum [种类名称] 〔Asian〕The termAsian is now preferred for persons of South and East Asian ancestry (Indians, Southeast Asians, Chinese, Koreans, Japanese, Indonesians, Filipinos, and others) in place of the term Oriental, an older usage that denotes some of these groups.Oriental has been objected to on two grounds: because it suggests racial, rather than cultural identity,and because it identifies the place of origin in terms of its location relative to the West (i.e., "from the East"), rather than in absolute terms.这个名称亚洲 现在用来称呼南亚和东亚人的后裔（包括印度人，东南亚人，中国人，朝鲜人，日本人，印尼人，菲律宾人和其他人），而不用 oriental， 这是一个老的用法，用来指这些亚洲人中的一些人。反对使用oriental 这个词有两个理由： 因为它暗示着种族的而非文化的特征，还因为它把人与相对于西方（如“来自东方”）的出生地混为一谈，而不以很清楚的名称指称。〔watt〕One might well ask how many European scientists it takes to turn on a light bulb.If we think in terms of the names used for various units in the International, or meter-kilogram-second, System,a fair number are involved.Alphabetically arranged, these units are theampere, named for the French scientist Andr? Marie Ampère (1775-1836); thecoulomb, after the French scientist Charles A. de Coulomb (1736-1806); thefarad and the faraday, after the British scientist Michael Faraday (1791-1867); thejoule, after the British scientist James P. Joule (1818-1889); thenewton, after the British scientist Sir Isaac Newton (1642-1727); theohm, after the German scientist Georg S. Ohm (1789-1854); thevolt, after the Italian scientist Count Alessandro Volta (1745-1827); and thewatt, after the British scientist James Watt (1736-1819). Definitions such as that ofohm, "a unit of electrical resistance equal to that of a conductor in which a current of one ampere is produced by a potential of one volt across its terminals,” take on more human connotations when we think of how human contributions to the study of electricity are memorialized in them.The dates of first recorded use of the terms in English are as follows:ampere, 1881; coulomb, 1881; farad, 1861; faraday, 1904; joule, 1882; newton, 1904; ohm, 1870 (suggested in 1861); volt, 1873; and watt, 1882. 有人可能会问经过了多少位欧洲科学家才点亮了灯泡。如果我们以国际单位制或米—千克—秒单位制中各种单位之名称的形式来考虑的话，相当数量的人被包括了。这些单位按字母顺序排列是安培， 以法国科学家安德烈·马里耶·安培(1775—1836年）命名； 库仑， 以法国科学家夏尔·埃·德库仑(1736-1806年）命名； 法拉 和 法拉第， 以英国科学家迈克尔·法拉第(1791—1867年）命名； 焦耳 以英国科学家詹姆斯·皮·焦耳(1818—1889年）命名； 牛顿， 以英国科学家伊萨克·牛顿爵士(1642—1727年）命名； 欧姆， 以德国科学家格奥尔格·斯·欧姆(1789—1854年）命名； 伏特， 以意大利科学家亚历山德罗·沃尔塔伯爵(1745—1827年）命名； 瓦特， 以英国科学家詹姆士·瓦特(1736—1819年）命名。 定义诸如欧姆， “电阻单位，等于一伏特电压加于导体两端在导体内部产生一安培电流之导体电阻”， 当我们想到人们对电学做出的贡献是怎样在这之中得到纪念的时候，就带上了更多的人文内涵。英语中首次有记录的使用这些说法的时间如下：安培， 1881； 库仑， 1881； 法拉， 1861； 法拉第， 1904； 焦耳， 1882； 牛顿， 1904； 欧姆， 1870（在1861年建议使用）； 伏特， 1873；和 瓦特， 1882 〔isotretinoin〕tretinoin [name for retinoic acid] tretinoin [类松脂酸的名称] 〔dingus〕An article whose name is unknown or forgotten.小玩意：不知名的或忘记名称的物件〔Liang〕The name of two Chinese dynasties, the Earlier Liang Dynasty (502-557) and the Later Liang Dynasty (907-923).梁：中国两个朝的名称，前梁(502年至557年）和后梁(907至到923年）〔Cassingle〕A trademark used for a prerecorded magnetic tape cassette typically containing one song.卡芯歌：一种通常用于只包含一首歌的预先录制的卡式磁带的商标名称〔designation〕A distinguishing name or title.See Synonyms at name 名称，称号：（用于区分的）名字或头衔 参见 name〔return〕"Not the poem which we have read, but that to which we return . . . possesses the genuine power, and claims the name of essential poetry ” (Samuel Taylor Coleridge). “不是我们已读 过的诗，而是我们 重新阅读的那些诗， …获得真正的力量并主张 本质诗的名称 ” （塞缪尔·泰勒·柯尔律治）。 〔hydrilla〕New Latin [genus name] 新拉丁语 [属的名称] 〔Sucre〕The constitutional capital of Bolivia, in the south-central part of the country southeast of La Paz. Founded in 1538 as Chuquisaca, it was renamed in 1840 to honor the first president of the country. Population, 86,609.苏克雷：玻利维亚宪法规定的首都，位于该国的中南部，拉巴斯东南方。建于1538年，当时的名称是丘基萨卡，1840年更名以纪念国家第一任总统，人口86,609〔plectognath〕From New Latin Plectognathī [order name] 源自 新拉丁语 Plectognathī [种类名称] 〔vulgar〕the technical and vulgar names for an animal species.动物种类的科学名称和通俗名称〔varietal〕A wine made principally from one variety of grapes and carrying the name of that grape.用特定品种葡萄酿造的：基本上从一种葡萄中制作出来并具有那种葡萄的名称的酒〔ballyhoo〕The origin ofballyhoo has been the subject of much speculation. This spelling has actually graced four different words:ballyhoo, "sensational advertising"; ballyhoo, a spelling of balao, a kind of fish; ballyhoo, a part of the name ballyhoo bird, about which more later; andballyhoo, a sailor's epithet for a disliked ship. This lastballyhoo (first recorded in 1836) was thought to be related to, or the same as, the word ballahou, from Spanishbalahú, "a type of schooner common in the Antilles.” First recorded in 1867,ballahou, besides being a term for a specific kind of ship, was also used contemptuously of inferior ships.But the connection between these sailing terms or the name of the fish and our wordballyhoo, first recorded in 1901, has not been established. There may, however, be a tie betweenballyhoo and the creature called a ballyhoo bird. According to a July 1880 article inHarper's, the bird had four wings and two heads and could whistle through one bill while singing through the other.Anyone who has ever hunted a snipe will know what hunting ballyhoo birds was like.单词ballyhoo 的来源一直存在种种推测。 这个词的拼写实际上包含有四个不同的词：ballyhoo， 意为“耸人听闻的广告”； ballyhoo， 是 balao 的一种拼写，是一种鱼； ballyhoo， 是 ballyhoo bird 的一部分,其出现更晚； 还有一个是ballyhoo， 是水手对不喜欢的船的称呼。 这最后一个ballyhoo （最早记载于1836年）被认为与 ballahou 有关或相同， 该词来自西班牙语balahu， 意为“流行于安的列斯群岛的一种纵帆船。” 首次记载于1867年，ballahou 一词除表示一种特殊的船外， 还表示同时代的劣等船。但这些与航海有关的词或鱼类名称的词与我们所使用的、首次记载于1901年的一词ballyhoo 之间尚未建立联系。 然而也许ballyhoo 一词与被称为 ballyhoo bird 的生物之间有某种联系。 根据1880年7月哈帕斯 杂志中一篇文章的描写， 这种鸟有四翅双头，可以用其中一张嘴吹哨，同时用另一张嘴唱歌。任何曾经猎过鹬鸟的人将会知道捕猎“巴里嗬”鸟是怎样的一种情景〔misnomer〕nommer [to name] from Latin nōmināre from nōmen [name] * see nÒ-men- nommer [称呼] 源自 拉丁语 nōmināre 源自 nōmen [名称] * 参见 nÒ-men- 〔hydra〕New Latin Hydra [genus name] 新拉丁语 Hydra [属的名称] 〔plantation〕It has probably seemed ironic to more than one reader that the same wordplantation appears in the name Plimoth Plantation, a settlement of people seeking freedom of religion,albeit their particular form of religion,and also as the term for the estates of the pre-Civil War Southwith their beautiful mansions for the white elite and their hovels for the oppressed Black slaves.These two uses of the wordplantation illustrate two sense developments of the word, which is first recorded in Middle English asplantacioun in a work probably written during the first quarter of the 15th century. Latinplantātiō, the source of our English word, originally meant "propagation of a plant, as from cuttings,”but in Medieval Latin developed other related senses,such as "planting,” "foundation, establishment,” and "nursery, or collection of growing plants that have been planted.”The two senses that were used in New England and in the South can thus be explained.The Plimoth sense is derived from the notion of a settlement or colony that has been established or planted in a new country.The Southern sense goes back to the notion of simply planting crops,in this casecrops such as tobacco or cottonthat are grown on estates or farms in subtropical or tropical climatesand were at one time worked by slave labor.同样的单词plantation 出现在名称 Plimoth Plantation （普利茅斯种植园）中，这对不止一名读者来说，可能看起来是具讽刺意味的， 该名称指寻求宗教自由的人的小型社区，虽然他们的宗教形式很特别，也是作为内战前南方庄园的术语，指供高贵白种人居住的漂亮公馆和受压迫的黑人奴隶居住的破旧茅屋。单词plantation 的这两种用法说明了这个单词两种意思的发展， 其以可能于15世纪最初二十五年创作的一部作品中的plantacioun 形式首次记录进中世纪英语。 拉丁文plantatio 是我们这个英语单词的词源， 最初意为“植物的繁殖，如通过供插栽小枝，”但是在中世纪拉丁文中又发展了其它的相关的意思，例如“种植、”“建立、设立”和“苗圃或已被种植的活的植物的集合。”这样，用在新英格兰和南方的这两种意思就能够解释了。普利茅斯种植园的意思是从在新的国家中建立或移民的新拓居地或殖民地的概念中引申出来的。南方庄园的意思则可追溯到简易耕种作物的概念上来，在这种情况下，例如烟草或棉花等农作物，生长在亚热带或热带气候的庄园或农场，且一段时间以来由奴隶种植〔trillium〕New Latin Trillium [genus name] 新拉丁语 Trillium [属的名称] 〔scarabaeid〕From New Latin Scarabaeidae [family name] 源自 新拉丁语 Scarabaeidae [家族名称] 〔azote〕Used formerly as a name for nitrogen.氨：氮这个名称的以前的用法〔digitalis〕The name of the plant genusDigitalis, whose member the foxglove provides an important drug used to treat heart disease,is associated with another part of the body, the finger.InDigitalis, which comes from the Latin word digitālis, meaning "relating to a finger,”we recognizedigit, which derives from Latin digitus, "finger, toe.” In Modern Latin the genus name was chosenbecause the German name for the foxglove isFingerhut, "thimble,” or literally "finger hat.” The second part of our wordfoxglove also refers to the similarity of the foxglove blossoms to the fingers of a glove. Digitalis is first recorded in English in a work published in 1664. 毛地黄 属的植物毛地黄， 是治疗心脏病的重要药物，与身体另一部位手指有关。Digitalis 来自于拉丁语 digitalis ， 意指“与手指有关的”。我们认为digit 来源于表示“手指，脚趾”的拉丁语 digitus 。 在新拉丁语中选定了种属名称，是因为熟地的日耳曼语名称是Fingerhut “指套”或字面上的“指套”。 Foxglove 的第二部分是指毛地黄开花时与手套的指头很相似。 英语中第一次记录Digitalis 的作品是在1664年发表 〔syntype〕One of two or more specimens cited by the author of a name of a species or subspecies when no single specimen was selected as the holotype.全模式标本：未选定单一标本作为正模式标本时，物种或亚种名称的命名者所引用的两个或多个标本之一〔larva〕The wordlarva referring to the newly hatched form of insects before they undergo metamorphosis comes from the Latin wordlārva, meaning "evil spirit, demon, devil.”To understand why this should be so,we need to know that the Latin word also was used for a terrifying mask,and it is this sense of the word that has come down to us.In Medieval Latinlarva could mean "mask or visor.” Larva is therefore an appropriate term for that stage of an insect's life during which its final form was still hidden or masked, and New Latinlārva was thus applied by Carolus Linnaeus, the Swedish botanist who originated our system of classifying plants and animals.The wordlarva is first recorded in English in its scientific sense in 1768, although it had been used in its "spirit" sense in 1651 and in a way that foreshadowed the usage by Linnaeus in 1691. larva 一词指昆虫在变形前刚孵化出来的幼虫， 来源于拉丁词larva ， 意为“邪恶的精灵，鬼怪，恶魔”。为了了解为什么，我们需要知道这个拉丁词语还用于指一种令人恐惧的面具，而且正是该词的这一层含义流传了下来。在中世纪的拉丁语中，larva 有“面具或面甲”的意思。 Larva 在形容昆虫成熟之前被隐藏或遮盖的这一段时期的时候，成为一个适合的名称， 这样新拉丁语的larva 一词首先由瑞典植物学家卡罗拉斯里纽斯赋予以上含义， 卡罗拉斯是首创动植物分类系统的第一人。虽然larva 一词在1651年曾经以其“精灵”一层意思被使用并在一定程度上预示了于1691年出现的里纽斯的用法，但是于1768年才以科学术语的形式首先在英语中出现的 〔corydalis〕New Latin Corydalis [genus name] 新拉丁语 Corydalis [属名称] 〔Midlothian〕A region of southeast Scotland on the Firth of Forth surrounding Edinburgh. "The Heart of Midlothian" was a popular name for the former Tolbooth Prison in Edinburgh and was used by Sir Walter Scott as the title of his 1818 novel.中洛锡安郡：苏格兰东南部地区，位于环绕爱丁堡的福斯湾。“中洛锡安的心脏”为原爱丁堡托尔布斯监狱流传很广的名称，沃特·斯科特爵将该名称用作他1818年所写小说的名字〔chaetognath〕From New Latin Chaetognatha [phylum name] 源自 新拉丁语 Chaetognatha [门的名称] 〔flamenco〕The origin of the wordflamenco is to be sought variously in the realms of ornithology and northern Europe. Spanish contains two homographs spelledflamenco, one of which means "Flemish, Andalusian Gypsy,”and the other, "flamingo.” Flamenco in the former sense comes from the Middle Dutch wordVlāming, meaning "Fleming.” Flamenco, "flamingo,” comes ultimately from Latinflamma, "flame,” referring to the fiery red plumage of the bird.Is the dance named for its flamingolike fieriness or its Flemishness?It would seem that some kind of association between Gypsies and people of Flemish extraction explains the use offlamenco, "Fleming, Andalusian Gypsy,” as the name of a dance originally associated with the Andalusian Gypsies.The English wordflamenco, borrowed from Spanish, is first recorded in 1896.Flamenco 一词的词源可以在鸟类学和北欧的领域中大量找到。 西班牙语中有两个拼写为flamenco 的同形异义词， 其中的一个意义为“佛兰芒人，安达鲁西亚吉普赛人，”另一个意义为“红鹤”。 Flamenco 原有的意义来源于中古荷兰语Vlaming， 意思是“佛兰芒人。” Flamenco 作“红鹤”意思讲时，最初是来自拉丁语的flamma， 意为“火焰，” 指这种鸟火红的羽毛。这种舞的命名是由于它象红鹤般的猛烈呢，还是由于它与佛兰芒人有关?吉普赛人与佛兰芒血统的人之间的某种联系似乎解释了flamenco “佛兰芒人，安达鲁西亚吉普赛人”的这种用法， 即作为最初与安达鲁西亚吉普赛人有关的一种舞的名称。源于西班牙语借用而来的英语词flamenco， 最早记载于1896年〔brachyuran〕From New Latin Brachyura [suborder name] 源自 新拉丁语 Brachyura [亚目名称] 〔wallflower〕TheCheiranthus cheiri, with its sweet-smelling yellow, red, or brown flowers, came to be called the wallflower because it was noted for growing on surfaces such as old walls, rocks, and quarries. This plant name is first recorded in 1578.It is not known who first observed a likeness between this delicate, fragrant flower and the unpartnered women sitting along the wall at a dance, but the figurative sense is first found in an 1820 work by Mrs. Campbell Praed entitledCounty Ball. The word, although originally used only to describe women, has become unisex,and of course one can be a wallflower without having a wall in the vicinity.具有芳香的黄、红或棕色花的桂竹香 之所以后来被称为 wallflower 是因为它以生活于物体表面（如旧墙面、岩石成或矿井面）而闻名。 该植物名称首载于1578年。没有人知道谁最先发现了这种雅致、芳香的花与在舞会上单独坐在墙边的女子的关系，但是这种比喻义最早发现于埃贝尔·普利德夫人1820年名为郡办舞会 的作品中。 虽然该词起初只用来描绘女子，后来却男女都适用。而且，一个人即使周围没有墙也能成为一个离群之人〔ephemerid〕From New Latin Ephemeridae [former order name] 源自 新拉丁语 Ephemeridae [原目名称] 〔homopteran〕From New Latin Homoptera [order name] 源自 新拉丁语 Homoptera [目的名称] 〔hydrangea〕New Latin Hydrangēa [genus name] 新拉丁语 Hydrangēa [属的名称] 〔exonym〕A name by which one people or social group refers to another and by which the group so named does not refer to itself.外来名：一个民族或社会群体用于称呼另一民族或社会群体的名称，该社会群体因此而得名，但本身并不这么称呼自己〔isopod〕From New Latin Isopoda [order name] 源自 新拉丁语 Isopoda [目的名称] 〔Loop〕The central business district of Chicago, Illinois. The Loop was originally named for a loop in the elevated railroad tracks.卢普：美国伊利诺斯州芝加哥市的商业中心。其名称源于高架铁轨的一个环〔assassin〕At first glance, one would be hard-pressed to find a link between pleasure and the acts of assassins.Such was not the case, however, with those who gave us the wordassassin. They were members of a secret Islamic order originating in the 11th centurywho believed it was a religious duty to harass and murder their enemies.The most important members of the order were those who actually did the killing.Having been promised paradise in return for dying in action, the killers,it is said, were made to yearn for paradise by being given a life of pleasure that included the use of hashish.Hence, the name for the secret order as a whole,ḥaššāšīn, "hashish users.” After passing through French or Italian, the word came into English and is recorded in 1603 with reference to the Moslem assassins.开始接触这个词，可能不容易看出暗杀者的乐趣与行为的联系。但是，对于给我们assassin 这个词的人来说，并不是这样。 他们是伊斯兰秘密团体的成员，该团体源自11世纪，他们认为骚扰并杀死他们的敌人是他们的宗教义务。该团体中最重要的成员是实际行使暗杀者。由于暗杀者被许诺进入天堂以作为对可能在行动中被杀的回报，据说为促使他们对天堂的热切渴望，先给予他们一种包括使用大麻麻醉剂乐趣的生活。这样hassasin “大麻使用者”就成了该秘密团体的名称。 这个词经过法语或意大利语进入英语，1603年记录下来，指穆斯林暗杀者。〔Illyria〕An ancient region of the Balkan Peninsula on the Adriatic coast. Occupied in prehistoric times by an Indo-European-speaking people, the area became the Roman province of Illyricum after the final conquest of the Illyrians in 35-33b.c. The name was revived by Napoleon for the provinces of Illyria (1809-1815) and retained for the kingdom of Illyria, a division of Austria from 1816 to 1849. 伊利里亚：古代沿巴尔干半岛亚德里亚海岸一地区。在史前时期由一个说印欧语的民族占据。公元前 35-33年，罗马人最终征服了伊利里亚人，将该地称为伊利里肯省。拿破仑时期重新恢复了伊利里亚这个名称(1809-1815年），称它为伊利里亚省份。1816至1849年在作为奥地利一部份的伊利里亚王国中，这个名字得到了保留 〔onchocerciasis〕Onchocerca [genus name] Greek onkos [barb] Greek kerkos [tail] Onchocerca [属类名称] 希腊语 onkos [倒钩] 希腊语 kerkos [尾巴] 〔Sarmatia〕An ancient region of eastern Europe northeast of the Black Sea. The Sarmatian people occupied the area after the fourth centuryb.c. and fled across the Carpathian Mountains and along the Danube River after the onslaught of the Huns. The term is also applied to the territory between the Vistula and Volga rivers in present-day eastern Poland and western European U.S.S.R. 萨尔马提亚：东欧一古老地区，位于黑海东北部。萨尔马提亚人于公元前 4世纪占领了该地，并在受到匈奴人的攻击之后穿过喀尔巴迁山脉沿着多瑙河逃遁。该名称也适用于今天的波兰东部和原苏联欧洲部分西部的维斯图拉河与伏尔加河中间的地带 |
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英汉汉英双解词典收录301015条英汉双解翻译词条，可根据汉字查询相应的英文词汇，基本涵盖了全部常用汉字的英文读音、翻译及用法，是英语学习及翻译工作的有利工具。