| 单词 | 吟游诗人 |
| 释义 | 〔minstrelsy〕Ballads and lyrics sung by minstrels.吟游诗人的诗集：吟游诗人吟唱的民谣或抒情诗〔lay〕A narrative poem, such as one sung by medieval minstrels; a ballad.叙事诗：一种叙事诗，如中世纪为吟游诗人所传唱的；民谣〔scold〕A scold is no poet and a scolding is not poetry, at least to the one being scolded,but it seems that the wordscold has a poetic background. It is probable thatscold, which is first recorded in Middle English in a work probably composed around 1150, has a Scandinavian source that is related to the Old Icelandic wordskāld, "poet.” Middle Englishscolde may in fact mean "a minstrel,” but of that we are not sure.However, its Middle English meanings, "a ribald, abusive person" and "a shrewish, chiding woman,”may be related toskāld, as shown by the senses of some of the Old Icelandic words derived fromskāld. Old Icelandicskāldskapr, for example, meant "poetry" in a good sense but also "a libel in verse,” whileskāld-stöng meant "a pole with imprecations or charms scratched on it.” It would seem that libelous, cursing verse was a noted part of at least some poets' productions and that this association with poets passed firmly along with the Scandinavian borrowing into English.骂人者不是诗人，谩骂不是诗，至少对被骂的人来说是这样的，但是scold 这个词似乎有着诗的背景。 Scold 这个词在中世纪英语中第一次被记录在一部大约于1150年创作的作品中，它有可能源于斯堪的纳维亚语， 与skald 这个在冰岛古语中表示“诗人”的词有关。 中世纪英语中的scolde 实际上可能意为“吟游诗人”， 但对此没有肯定说法。然而，它在中世纪英语中的意思是“说脏话、辱骂人的人”和“悍泼的、好骂人的女人”，可能与skald 有关， 如一些起源于skald 的冰岛古词语的意思显示的那样。 例如，古冰岛语中的skaldskapr 其褒义为“诗”，但也有“诽谤性的诗”的意思, 而skald-stong 意思是“刻有诅咒或符咒的杆子”。 看来，诽谤、辱骂性的诗歌至少是一些诗人作品突出的部分并与诗人这种联系稳步地随斯堪的纳维亚语被借入英语中〔gleeman〕A medieval itinerant singer; a minstrel.吟游诗人：中世纪的流浪歌手；吟游诗人〔goliard〕from Old French [glutton, goliard] 源自 古法语 [好食者，放纵派吟游诗人] 〔bard〕One of an ancient Celtic order of minstrel poets who composed and recited verses celebrating the legendary exploits of chieftains and heroes.吟游诗人：古代凯尔特族的吟游诗人，自编自唱，吟唱酋长和英雄的传奇业绩〔Ossian〕A legendary Gaelic hero and bard of the third centurya.d. 奥西恩：传说中公元 3世纪盖尔族的英雄和吟游诗人 〔goliard〕A wandering student in medieval Europe disposed to conviviality, license, and the making of ribald and satirical Latin songs.放纵派吟游诗人：在中世纪的欧洲追崇享受和不受拘束的生活，作一些通俗或讽刺的拉丁歌谣的流浪学者〔minstrelsy〕A troupe of minstrels.吟游诗人、歌手〔Beattie〕Scottish philosopher and poet best known as the author ofThe Minstrel (1771-1774), which detailed in Spenserian stanzas the evolution of poetic genius. 贝蒂，詹姆斯：(1735-1803) 苏格兰哲学家和诗人，以《吟游诗人》 的作者最为闻名（1771-1774年）。该著作以斯宾塞诗节为形式详细地叙述了一个英国天才诗人的发展 〔Verdi〕Italian composer of operas, includingLa Traviata (1853), Aïda (1871), and Otello (1887). He is credited with raising Italian opera to its fullest artistic form. 威尔地，朱森珀：(1813-1901) 意大利歌剧作曲家，其作品包括有《吟游诗人》 （1853年）、 《阿依达》 （1871年）和 《奥赛罗》 （1887年）。他因把意大利歌剧推到最完美的艺术形式而著名 〔gleeman〕glēo [minstrelsy] * see glee glēo [吟游诗人] * 参见 glee〔minstrel〕A medieval entertainer who traveled from place to place, especially to sing and recite poetry.吟游诗人：游历各地的中世纪表演者，尤指歌唱或背咏诗歌的演员 |
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