| 单词 | 否则 |
| 释义 | 〔help〕Don't change it any more than you can help (that is, "any more than you have to"). 除非万不得已，否则就不要再改变什么了（也就是说，“除非你不得不”）。 〔false〕Don't make a false move or I'll shoot.别乱动，否则我开枪了〔unputdownable〕"Unless the story is at once as unputdownable to a taxi driver as to a university professor, it is not good enough"(Brian Burland)“除非这个故事无论在一名出租车司机那儿还是在一名大学教授那儿都同样地叫人爱不释手，否则它就还不够好”(布赖恩·伯兰德)〔ramada〕One of the words Spanish contributed to the English of the American Southwest isramada, a term for an open porch. Ramada can also mean an openwork trellis constructed over a walkwayonto which climbing plants are trained;this sense illustrates the derivation of the word from Spanishrama, meaning "branch"— henceramada, "arbor, mass of branches.” The suffix-ada in Spanish denotes "a place characterized by (something).” Ramada might have remained a relatively obscure regional wordwere it not for its adoption in the name of a national chain of motels.对美国西南部英语起作用的一个西班牙单词是ramada ， 它的意思是开敞的门廊。 Ramada 的另一个意思是修建于人行道上方的一种露天棚架，上面培植有攀援植物；这个意思显示了本词源于西班牙语中的rama ，意思是“枝杈”—— 因此ramada 有“藤架和一片枝杈”的含义。 后缀-ada 在西班牙语中指“具有（某物）特征的地方”。 Ramada 这个词后来被用到了一家全国性汽车连锁旅馆的名字里，否则它可能总是一个不起眼的地方性词汇〔ahead〕You won't hear anything unless you roll the tape ahead.除非你把录音带往前转，否则你是不会听到任何东西的〔caterpillar〕It seems that the larvae of moths and butterflies are popularly seen as resembling other, larger animals.Consider the Italian dialect wordgatta, "cat, caterpillar"; the German dialect termtüfelskatz, "caterpillar" (literally "devil's cat"); the French wordchenille, "caterpillar" (from a Vulgar Latin diminutive, .canīcula, of canis, "dog"); and last but not least,our own wordcaterpillar, which appears probably to have come through Northern French from the Old French termchatepelose, meaning literally "hairy cat.”Our wordcaterpillar is first recorded in English in 1440 in the formcatyrpel. Catyr, the first part of catyrpel, may indicate the existence of an English word.cater, meaning "tomcat,”otherwise attested only incaterwaul. Cater would be cognate with Middle High German kater and Dutch kater. The latter part ofcatyrpel seems to have become associated with the word piller, "plunderer.” By giving the variant spelling -ar, Johnson's Dictionary set the spelling caterpillar with which we are familiar today. 似乎蛾子和蝴蝶的幼虫经常会被看成与其它较大动物相似。意大利方言中gatta， 一字，“猫，毛虫”； 日耳曼方言中tüfelskatz 一字“毛虫”（直译为“邪恶的猫”）； 法语词chenille， “毛虫”（来自民间拉丁语小词缀， canicula， 源自 canis ，是“狗”的意思）； 最后但并非不重要的一点，英语中caterpillar 一词， 可能是来源于从法国北部传来的古法语词汇chatepelose， 字面意思是“多毛的猫”。caterpillar 一字于1440年最早记录在英语中， 以catyrpel的形式出现。 Catyr是 catyrpel 的第一部分， 可能指明英语词cater 的存在， 意指“雄猫”，否则只能存在于caterwaul一词中。 Cater可能与中世纪高地德语 kater 和荷兰语 kater 有关。 catyrpel 一词的后一部分似乎与 piller 一词有关，意思是“强盗”。 约翰逊的词典 给出了不同的拼写- ar， 从而形成了我们今天所熟悉的 caterpillar 〔other〕In another way; otherwise; differently:以其他方式地：以另一种方式；否则；不同地：〔face〕had to face up or get out; finally faced up to the problem.不得不面对，否则就是逃避；最终勇于面对那个问题〔till〕Until you get that paper written don't even think about going to the movies. · 除非你把那篇文章写完了，否则别想去看电影。 〔off〕Off with you or I'll call the police.你走开，否则我就喊警察〔Romains〕French writer whose poetry, drama, and fiction, including the novel cycleMen of Good Will (1932-1946), express the belief that an individual is unimportant unless associated with some group. 罗曼，朱尔斯：(1885-1972) 法国作家，其诗歌、戏剧和小说表达了一种个人除非与某个群体联系在一起否则他是无足轻重的信念，作品包括系列长篇小说《善意的人们》 （1932-1946年） 〔get〕I have to get working on this or I'll miss my deadline.我必须就此开始工作，否则我将超过最后期限〔opportunity〕Don't throw this chance away;it won't come around again. Abreak is an often sudden piece of luck, especially good luck: 不要让这个机会溜走；否则它是不会再来的。 Break 经常是一突然而至的运气， 尤其是好运气： 〔hapten〕A substance that reacts with a specific antibody but cannot induce the formation of antibodies unless bound to a carrier protein or other molecule.半抗原，不全抗原：一种对某种特定的抗体起反应但除非被限制于蛋白质载体或其他分子之中, 否则不能导致抗体的构成的物质〔fail〕"We must . . . hold . . . those horrors up to the light of justice. Otherwise we would fail our inescapable obligation to the victims of Nazism: to remember"(Anthony Lewis)“记住：我们必须将那些惨事交付法庭审判。否则，对遭受法西斯主义迫害的人，我们将无法尽到应尽的责任”(安东尼·刘易斯)〔circumstance〕Use of the idiomunder the circumstances is justified by both logic and reputable precedent,and objections to it must be accounted at best overfussy if not also,as H.W. Fowler put it, "puerile.”习语under the circumstances 的使用， 由逻辑和规范的先例两者来证明为正确，否则对于此点的反对至少会被看作过于咬文嚼字，正如福勒所评价的“幼稚”〔unless〕"Exceptional talent does not always win its reward unless favored by exceptional circumstances"(Mary Elizabeth Braddon)“除非得到特殊的情况的护佑，否则有特殊才能的人并不总能赢得对其才能的回报”(玛丽·伊丽莎白·布雷登)〔truth〕"Every man is fully satisfied that there is such a thing as truth, or he would not ask any questions" (Charles S. Peirce). “每个人都充分相信真理这一事物存在，否则他不会问任何问题” （查尔斯S.皮尔斯）。 〔rock〕He has an easygoing managerial style and won't rock the boat unless absolutely necessary.他有一套很随意的经营作风，除非极有必要否则不会改变自己一惯的做法〔else〕Be careful, or else you will make a mistake.小心，否则你会犯错的〔force〕Say nothing unless you're compelled to.除非强迫你，否则什么也别说。〔Malthus〕British economist who wroteAn Essay on the Principle of Population (1798), arguing that population tends to increase faster than food supply, with inevitably disastrous results, unless the increase in population is checked by moral restraints or by war, famine, and disease. 马尔萨斯，托马斯·罗伯特：(1766-1834) 英国经济学家，著有《人口论》 （1798年），认为人口的增长比食物供应的增长要快，除非对人口的增长采用道德的约束或战争、饥荒和瘟疫加以抑制，否则会导致不可避免的灾难后果 〔nondescript〕"This expression gave temporary meaning to a set of features otherwise nondescript"(Katherine Anne Porter)“这一词语给整套节目以暂时的意义，否则毫无特色”(凯瑟琳·安妮·波特)〔hectic〕In the Usage Panel survey done for the first edition of theAmerican Heritage Dictionary (1969), 92 percent of the Panel approved of the use ofhectic in its most familiar sense, "characterized by feverish activity, confusion, or haste.”The question was put to the Panelbecause in earlier usage that sense was sometimes deprecated as a loose extension of the term's meaning in medicine.Unless one has some medical knowledgeone probably does not know the older medical uses of the term,for example, "relating to an undulating fever, such as those accompanying tuberculosis,”and unless one has some acquaintance with Middle Englishone would not recognize the first recorded instance of the word,etik, in a text written before 1398. The Middle English term comes from the Old French development of the Late Latin wordhecticus, whose form helped reshape our word in the 16th century.Late Latinhecticus in turn comes from Greek hektikos, "formed by habit or forming habit" and "consumptive,” developing the last sense because of the chronic nature of tuberculous fevers.Thus a word that once simply meant "habitual"eventually had an English descendant used to refer to circumstances that would be undesirable if they were habitual.在针对美国经典辞书 （1969年）第一版对用法专题使用小组的调查中， 92%的成员赞成hectic 一词最常用的意思， “以紧张的活动、忙乱或慌忙为特征的”。之所以要向这些成员提这个问题，是因为作为该词医学含义的模糊延伸，这个意义有时不为人们所接受。除非某人有医学方面的知识，否则他就很可能不知道这个词在医学方面的古老用法，比如“和起伏不定的热病有关的，如肺结核的伴随症”。另外，除非某人对中古英语有一度程度的了解，否则他也认不出1398年以前的一个文本中该词的首例etik 。 这个中古英语单词是由古法语经后期拉丁语hecticus 一词的发展而来的， 其形式在16世纪帮助重新形成了这个单词。而后期拉丁语中的这个词hecticus 又是由希腊语中的 hektikos 一词而来，这个词在希腊语中意指“由习惯形成的或形成习惯的”及“患肺痨的，肺痨的”， 之所以得到最后的意思，是出于肺痨病的特性。这样一来，原来只是表示“习惯性的”这个词，传到英语中最后竟变成了指一旦成为习惯则不被人所喜爱的情形〔buzzard〕An avaricious or otherwise unpleasant person.贪得无厌的人：贪婪，否则便不愉快的人〔else〕If not; otherwise:如果不；否则：〔graymail〕A defensive tactic in an espionage trial whereby the accused threatens to reveal secret information unless the charges are dropped.灰函：在间谍案审判中的一种保护性策略，除非指控被撤消，否则揭露秘密信息的威胁〔otherwise〕Under other circumstances:否则，不然：在另外的情况下；不然：〔anamorphosis〕An image that appears distorted unless it is viewed from a special angle or with a special instrument.失真图象，变形影象：除非从特别角度或用特殊仪器观察，否则所呈现的图象一般是扭曲的 |
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