| 单词 | 呐喊 |
| 释义 | 〔hubbub〕It has often been remarked that the Celtic inhabitants of Great Britain contributed very little to the stock of English words.Perhaps this should not be too surprising, given the difficult relations over the centuries between the people of Germanic stock and the people of Celtic stock in England and Ireland.It seems likely that a certain English contempt resides in the adoption of the wordhubbub from a Celtic source, which is probably related toub ub ubub, a Scots Gaelic interjection expressing contempt,or toabu, an ancient Irish war cry. In any case,hubbub was first recorded (1555) in the phrase Irish hubbub and meant "the confused shouting of a crowd.”In addition to the senses it has developed,hubbub was again used, possibly in a nonflattering way, by the New England colonists as a term for a rambunctious game played by Native Americans. 人们常说，居住在大不列颠的盖尔人对英语词汇没有多大贡献。如果考虑到几个世纪以来居住在英格兰与爱尔兰的日尔曼人与盖尔人之间的关系，那么这个情况就不足为奇了。英格兰人采用来自盖尔语的hubbub 这个词时，很可能是带有轻蔑之意的， 此词与ub ub ubub 有关， 是苏格兰盖尔语中用来表示轻蔑之意的感叹词；或者与古代爱尔兰语中的呐喊abus 有关。 无论怎样，hubbub 一词最早见于词组 Irish hubbub (1555年）中， 意为“人群发出的混乱吵闹声”。除了它本身就有的意思外，hubbub 一词又被新英格兰的殖民者用来指印第安人的一种野蛮的游戏，但这一用法可能不讨人喜欢 〔Munch〕Norwegian artist whose works include etchings, lithographs, and paintings, such asThe Scream (1893) and Frieze of Life (1897). 蒙克，埃德瓦：(1863-1944) 挪威艺术家，他的著作包括许多蚀刻画、平版画和油画，比如《呐喊》 （1893年）和 《弗里斯的一生》 （1897年） 〔whoop〕A shout uttered by a hunter or warrior.呐喊：猎人或战士的叫喊〔whoop〕To chase, call, urge on, or drive with a whoop:叫赶：呐喊着追赶、喊叫、怂恿或驱赶：〔slogan〕Alteration of Scots slogorne [battle cry] 苏格兰语 slogorne的变化 [战斗时发出的呐喊] 〔noise〕A loud outcry or commotion:喧嚣声：高声的呼喊或呐喊：〔whoop〕To utter a loud shout or cry.See Synonyms at shout 高喊，呐喊：发出高叫或高喊声 参见 shout〔slogan〕A battle cry of a Scottish clan.战斗呐喊：苏格兰部族在战斗时发出的呐喊〔umpire〕The anguished, hostile cry "Kill the ump" could have been "kill the nump" had it not been for the linguistic process known as false splitting or juncture loss.In the case ofumpire we can almost see the process in action if we study the Middle English Dictionary entry for noumpere, the Middle English ancestor of our word. Noumpere comes from the Old French nonper, made up ofnon, "not,” and per, "equal,” as is someone who is requested to act as arbiter of a dispute between two people; that is, the arbiter is not paired with one of them.In Middle English the earliest recorded form isnoumper (about 1350). The earliest dated form without ann in the entry is owmpere ( a Middle English variant spelling),in a text composed in 1440.How then was lost can be seen if we compare the sequence a noounpier in a text written in 1426-1427 with the sequence an Oumper from a text written probably around 1475. Then of noumpere became attached to the indefinite article, giving usan instead of a and, eventually,umpire instead of .numpire. 要不是因为被称为假分裂或失去连音的语言学过程，"Kill the ump"（杀掉裁判）这样痛苦，仇恨的呐喊可能会成为"kill the nmup"。在umpire 这一例子中，如果我们研究一下 中古英语词典 中 noumpere 这一词条，即该词在中古英语中的原型，便会了解这一语言学现象的过程。 Noumpere 来自于古法语 nonper， 由non, “不”，和 per, “平等的”组成，表示一个应要求就两人之间的争议做出仲裁的人； 也就是说，不与任何一人合作的公断人。中古英语的最先记录形式是noumper （约1350年）。 词条中没有n 的最早形式是 owmpere ( 中古英语的变体拼写），出现于1440年所做的一篇文章。通过比较两个顺序可以看出n 是我们被省略的：一个是 a noounpier ，出现于写于1426年至1427年间的一篇文章；另一个是 an Oumper 摘自可能写于1475年的文章。 noumpere 中的 n 变得和不定冠词连在一起， 成为an 而非 n ， 最后就出现了umpire 而不是 ·numpire 〔banzai〕A Japanese battle cry or patriotic cheer.万岁：日本人在进攻时的呐喊或爱国的欢呼 |
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