| 单词 | 命名 |
| 释义 | 〔Houston〕A city of southeast Texas northwest of Galveston. Founded in 1836 and named for Sam Houston, it is a major industrial, commercial, and financial hub, the center of the U.S. aerospace industry, and a deep-water port connected with Galveston Bay and the Gulf of Mexico by theHouston Ship Channel. Houston is also the largest city in Texas. Population, 1,630,553. 休斯顿：美国得克萨斯州东南部一城市，位于加尔维斯顿湾西北处。此城建于1836年，以山姆·休斯顿的名字命名，它是一个重要的工商业及金融中心，又是美国航天工业中心。它由休斯顿运河 与加尔维斯顿湾和墨西哥湾连接，是一个深水港，休斯顿也是得克萨斯州最大的城市。人口1,630,553 〔gerrymander〕"An official statement of the returns of voters for senators give[s] twenty nine friends of peace, and eleven gerrymanders.”So reported the May 12, 1813, edition of theMassachusetts Spy. A gerrymander sounds like a strange political beast,which in fact it is, considered from a historical perspective.This beast was named by combining the wordsalamander, "a small lizardlike amphibian,” with the last name of Elbridge Gerry, a former governor of Massachusetts— a state noted for its varied, often colorful political fauna.Gerry (whose name, incidentally, was pronounced with a hardg, though gerrymander is now commonly pronounced with a soft g ) was immortalized in this way because an election district created by members of his party in 1812 looked like a salamander.According to one version of howgerrymander was coined, the shape of the district attracted the eye of the painter Gilbert Stuart,who noticed it on a map hanging in a newspaper editor's office.Stuart decorated the map with a head, wings, and clawsand then said to the editor, "That will do for a salamander!”"Gerrymander!” came the reply.A new political beast was created then and there.The word is first recorded in April 1812 with respect to the creature or its caricature,but it soon came to mean not only "the action of shaping a district to gain political advantage"but also "any representative elected from such a district by that method.”Within the same yeargerrymander was also recorded as a verb. “一份答复参议员选举人的官方声明宣布了二十九个和平伙伴和十一个不公正划分的选区。”在1813年3月12日的一期马萨诸塞州观察报 上有如上报导。 一个不公正划分选区听起来象是一个奇怪的政治怪兽，事实上它是来自历史上的观点。这个怪兽是由两个词合并而命名的，即salamander “一种蜥蜴状的两栖动物，”及马萨诸塞州州长埃尔布里奇·格里的姓。 而马萨诸萨州以其多变的、通常多姿多彩的政治动物群而闻名。格里（他的名字碰巧发重音g， 尽管 gerrymander 现在普遍发轻音 g， ）以此种方式而垂名史册， 因为1812年由他所在党成员组建的选举区就象一只蝾螈。根据一种gerrymander 如何被创造的观点， 该区的形状吸引了一位画家基尔伯特·斯图亚特，他在一家报纸的主编办公室里挂在墙上的地图中发现了它。斯图尔特又画上头、翅膀和爪子，然后对主编说，“那就象只蝾螈了！”"Gerrymander！”主编回答道。此时此地一个新的政治怪兽产生了。这个词于1812年4月首次被记录是在谈到这种牲畜或讽刺的画中，但很快，它就不仅意味“为赢得政治优势的改变区划的行动”，而且有“用此种方法选出的任何代表”的意思。同年gerrymander 也被作为一个动词而记载下来 〔christen〕To name and dedicate ceremonially:正式命名和落成典礼：〔Perry〕American actress and director. The Antoinette Perry Awards, or Tony Awards, are named for her.佩里，安托瓦妮特：(1888-1946) 美国女演员和导演。安托万内特·佩里奖或托尼奖，都以她的名字命名〔Horn〕A headland of extreme southern Chile in the Tierra del Fuego archipelago. The southernmost point of South America, it was first rounded in 1616 by the Dutch navigator Willem Schouten (died 1625), who named it after his birthplace, Hoorn.合恩角：智利最南端的一海岬，位于火地群岛中。荷兰航海者威廉姆·史考滕（死于1625年）于1616年首次绕过这一南美最南端，并以自己的出生地“合恩”为其命名〔Whitney〕American geologist who measured (1864) the highest peak in the continental United States, which was later named after him. His brotherWilliam Dwight Whitney (1827-1894), a philologist and lexicographer, edited the Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia (1889-1891). 惠特尼，约西亚·德怀特：(1819-1896) 美国地质学家。他曾测量了美国大陆的最高峰(1864年），此峰后来以他的名字命名。他的弟弟威廉·德怀特·惠特尼 (1827-1894年）是一个哲学家和辞典编纂者，曾编辑 《世纪词典》 （1889-1891年） 〔Vespucci〕Italian navigator and explorer of the South American coast. America was named in his honor.韦斯浦奇，阿梅莉格：(1454-1512) 意大利航海家和南美海岸的开拓者，美国就是以他的名字命名的，用来赞美他的功绩〔after〕With the same or close to the same name as; in honor or commemoration of:纪念，以…命名：与…名字有相同或相近的名字；为纪念…：〔Galba〕Emperor of Rome (68-69) who was assassinated after naming an unpopular successor.盖尔巴，塞尔维乌斯·苏尔皮西乌斯：(3) 罗马皇帝，在命名了一位没有威信的继承人之后被暗杀〔Seattle〕Suquamish leader who befriended white settlers of the Pacific Northwest. The city of Seattle is named for him.西雅图：一个对西北太平洋沿岸地区的白人移民友善的苏夸米什族酋长。西雅图城以他的名字命名〔nomenclature〕the rules of nomenclature in botany.植物学的命名原则〔dragonfly〕Regional terms for the dragonfly are numerous, providing good evidence for dialect boundaries in the United States.The greatest variety of terms is to be found in the South,where the most widespread term issnake doctor (a name based on a folk belief that dragonflies take care of snakes).The Midland equivalent issnake feeder. Speakers from the Lower South, on the other hand, are more likely to refer to the same insect as amosquito hawk or, in the South Atlantic states, askeeter hawk. The imagery outside the South alludes more to the insect's shape than to its behavior or diet:Upper Northern speakers call it adarning needle or a devil's darning needle ; those in Coastal New Jersey, aspindle ; and Northern Californians, anear sewer. 各地对蜻蜓的许多不同叫法为美国的方言边界提供了很好的依据。对蜻蜓叫法最多的是南部，在那里最常用的是snake doctor （因民间认为蜻蜓照看蛇而得名）。中部有与此相应的叫法：snake feeder。 而南部较南端的人则通常把蜻蜓叫作mosquito hawk ， 南大西洋诸州又把它称为skeeter hawk。 南部以外的其它地方更多地根据蜻蜓的外形而非行为或食物为之命名：北部较北端的人把它叫作darning needle 或 devil's darning needle ； 新泽西州海岸一带叫spindle ； 而北加利福尼亚人则叫ear sewer 〔spleenwort〕[So called because it was thought to cure spleen disorders] [如此命名是因为人们认为它可治疗脾病] 〔Comstockery〕Bowdlerism, named after Dr. Thomas Bowdler (1754-1825),has been around longer than Comstockery, named for Anthony Comstock (1844-1915). All Bowdler did to enter the world of common nouns was to expurgate Shakespeare, the Bible, and Gibbon'sHistory of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire. On the other hand, Comstock, the organizer and secretary of the New York Society for the Suppression of Vice,helped destroy 160 tons of literature and pictures that he deemed immoral.Comstockery, the word honoring his achievements, is first recorded in 1905 in a letter by George Bernard Shaw to the New York Times: “Comstockery is the world's standing Joke at the expense of the United States. . . . It confirms the deep-seated conviction of the Old World that America is a provincial place, a second rate country-town civilization after all.” 以汤姆斯·鲍德勒博士(1754-1825年）的名字命名的鲍德勒主义，存在时间要比以安东尼·康斯托克(1844-1915年）命名的康斯托克主义长一些。鲍德勒所做的只是删节莎士比亚作品、《圣经 》和吉伯恩的罗马帝国的衰落与灭亡 就使其名字成为一个通用名词了。 而另一方面，作为纽约反暴力社会党的组织者和秘书长，康斯托克协助销毁了160吨他认为不道德的作品与图片。Comstockery ，这一为了表彰他的成绩的词最初是出现于1905年乔治·伯那德·修在写给 纽约时报 的信中： “Comstockery 一词是世界对美国的嘲笑…它证实了在东半球中根深蒂固的观念，那就是美国是个粗鄙的地方，充其量只能算是一个二流的乡村文明” 〔Volta〕Italian physicist who invented the first electric battery (1800). The volt is named in his honor.伏特，亚历山德罗：(1745-1827) 意大利物理学家，发明了第一块电池(1800年）。伏特是为纪念他而命名〔Ericson〕Norwegian navigator who, according to Norse sagas, was blown off course during a voyage from Norway to Greenland and thereby discovered and named Vinland.埃里克逊，莱弗：(1000年) 挪威航海家。据挪威传说，他在一次航行中被吹偏离了预定路线来到格陵兰岛，这样发现并命名该岛为威恩兰〔Belgae〕A people who formerly inhabited northeast Gaul and areas of southeast England. Belgium is named for them.比利时人：指曾居住在高卢东北部和英格兰东南地区的一个民族。比利其以这个民族的名字命名〔London〕A city of southeast Ontario, Canada, southwest of Toronto. Settled in 1826, it is an industrial city whose streets and bridges are named after those of London, England. Population, 254,280.伦敦：加拿大安大略省东南部一城市，位于多伦多市西南。1826年成为定居点，为一工业城市，其街道和桥梁均以英格兰的伦敦市命名。人口254,280〔patronymic〕from patrōnumos [named after one's father] 源自 patrōnumos [以父亲名字命名的] 〔Magellan〕Portuguese navigator. While trying to find a western route to the Moluccas (1519), Magellan and his expedition were blown by storms into the strait that now bears his name (1520). He named and sailed across the Pacific Ocean, reaching the Marianas and the Philippines (1521), where he was killed fighting for a friendly native king. One of his ships returned to Spain (1522), thereby completing the first circumnavigation of the globe.麦哲伦，费迪南德：(1480?-1521) 葡萄牙航海家。在试图找到一条向西通向摩鹿加群岛的航线时(1519年），麦哲伦和他的远征船队被风暴吹到了现在以他的名字命名的海峡(1520年）。他给太平洋命了名并且穿越了太平洋，到达马里亚纳群岛和菲律宾群岛(1521年），在那里在替一位友好的土著国王作战时被杀害。他船队中只有一条船回到了西班牙(1522年），从而完成了第一次环球航行〔hamburger〕After having eaten countless hamburgers,one may perhaps be interested in knowing more about the origins of the name.By the middle of the 19th century people in Hamburg, Germany,the busiest port in West Germany today,enjoyed pounded beefsteak in some form.Perhaps brought to America by the large numbers of Germans who migrated around that time,this sort of dish with the nameHamburg steak may have appeared on a menu as early as 1836. The first recorded use ofHamburg steak is found in 1884 in the Boston Journal, withhamburger steak being first recorded in a Walla Walla, Washington, newspaper in 1889. A 1902 cookbook contains a recipe for Hamburg steak that is closer to our conception,a recipe using ground beef mixed with onion and pepper.The hamburger was on its way,as was the Americanismhamburger. 在吃完了数不清的汉堡包之后，人们可能会有兴趣更多地知道一些关于这个名字由来的知识。直至19世纪中叶住在德国汉堡，这个今日德国最为繁忙的港口的人们，喜欢把牛排捣碎成一定形状。也许是被当时的大量德国移民传至美洲，这道以Hamburg steak 命名的菜最早出现在菜单上是在1836年。 Hamburg steak 第一次见诸于铅字是在1884年的 波士顿日报 ， 而hamburger steak 第一次见诸于铅字是在1889年华盛顿州的沃拉沃拉市的一家报纸上。 到1902年烹饪书上关于汉堡牛排的调制法与我们今天的概念已经很接近了，就是用碎牛肉和洋葱与胡椒粉拌在一起。汉堡包已被广泛使用，如美国方式的hamburger 〔niobium〕After Niobe [so called because it is extracted from tantalite] 源自 Niobe [以此命名是因为它从钽铁矿中提炼出来] 〔denominate〕To give a name to; designate.命名：给定一个名称；任命〔pax〕Pax A time of wide-ranging stability when there is only a single dominant power. Used with a Latinized name: Pax 世界和平：只有单一强权的普遍稳定时期。以拉丁化名字命名：〔janitor〕A holiday for janitors ought to take place in January,for both words are linked.In Latiniānus was the word for "archway, gateway, or covered passage" and also for the god of gates, doorways, and beginnings in general.As many schoolchildren know,our month January—a month of beginnings—is named for the god.Latiniānitor, the source of our word janitor and ultimately also fromiānus, meant "doorkeeper or gatekeeper.”Probably becauseiānitor was common in Latin records and documents, it was adopted into English,first being recorded in the sense "doorkeeper" around 1567 in a Scots text.In an early quotation Saint Peter is called "the Janitor of heaven.”The term can still mean "doorkeeper,”but in Scots usagejanitor also referred to a minor school official. Apparently this position at times involved maintenance duties and doorkeeping,and the maintenance duties took over the more exalted tasks,giving us the position of janitor as we know it today.看门人的假日应该放在一月，因为以下两个词都同一月有联系。拉丁文中的ianus 表示的是“拱门、道路或走廊”， 也是通常所说的门神、门口和开始。正如许多小学生知道的那样，我们的一月——最初的一个月——是以神的名字命名的。拉丁文ianitor 是单词 janitor 的来源， 追根溯源它也来自ianus， 意思是“看门人或管门人”。也许因为ianitor 这个词在拉丁文记录和文件中很普遍， 它才被英语所采用，最早被记录为“看门人”之意时大约在1567年的一篇苏格兰文章中。圣彼得在早期的引文中被称为“天堂守护神”。这个词仍然是“看门人”的意思，但在苏格兰用法中janitor 也指代低层的学校公务员。 显然这个职位时不时地也包含着维护的责任和守门的义务，这种维护的责任吸取了更为崇高的任务，于是就有了正如我们今天所知道的看门人这个职务〔Charlotte〕A city of southern North Carolina near the South Carolina border south-southwest of Winston-Salem. Settled c. 1750 and named for the wife of King George III of England, it is the largest city in the state. Population, 395,934.夏洛特：美国北卡罗来纳州南部一城市，位于南卡罗来纳州边界附近、温斯顿-塞勒姆西南偏南，1750年建立，并以英王乔治三世的妻子之名命名，它该州最大的城市。人口395,934〔shrapnel〕Henry Shrapnel received no compensation for the invention named after him other than having his name live on in connection with it.This deadly artillery shell, invented by Shrapnel, a British artillery officer, in his spare time and at his own expense,was given its first test in South America during the British seizure of part of Suriname (1799-1802),but shrapnel came into its own during the Peninsular War (1808-1814) between Great Britain, Spanish guerrillas, Portugal, and Napoleonic France.Shrapnel's shell was first officially called thespherical case shot, but it seems that early on it was called theshrapnel shell as well (first recorded in 1806), and this was the name eventually adopted by the British army.The wordshrapnel came to be used by itself as a collective noun, and even though the shrapnel shell is no longer used,people have for some time (first recorded in 1940) called the fragments from a shell, mine, or bombshrapnel, thus ensuring the continued existence, if not the immortality, of Henry Shrapnel's name.亨利·宣普纳因这种以其名字命名的发明，除了他的名字跟这种发明联系在一起以外他一无所获。宣普纳是一位英国炮兵军官，这种致命的武器是他在闲暇时间自筹经费发明的。它的首次试用是在南美洲英国占领部分苏里南领土期间（1799-1802年）进行的，但在大布列颠、西班牙游击队、葡萄牙及拿破仑统治下的法国几方之间进行的半岛战争期间（1804-1814年），榴霰弹开始使用。一开始宣普纳的这种炮弹被官方称作霰弹 。 但这之前似乎被称为shrapnel shell （最早记录于1806年）。 这一名字最终被英国陆军采用。shrapnel 一词被用作一集合名词， 虽然榴霰弹已不再使用了，但有一段时期人们把弹丸、地雷或炸弹的碎片也称为shrapnel （最早记录于1940年）， 这样就确保了亨利·宣普纳的名字得以继续存在，即使不能永存的话〔catkin〕From obsolete Dutch katteken [kitten] [diminutive of] katte [cat (from its resemblance to a kitten's tail)] 源自 已废荷兰语 katteken [小猫] katte的小后缀 [猫（因其形似小猫的尾巴而命名）] 〔isomerous〕Having or designating floral whorls with equal numbers of parts:等基数的：具有带相同数量部分的花轮的或为这类花轮命名的：〔aspergillus〕from aspergillum [aspergill (from its resemblance to an aspergillum brush)] * see aspergillum 源自 aspergillum [洒水器（以其类似圣水洒水器刷子命名）] * 参见 aspergillum〔identifier〕A symbol that serves to identify, indicate, or name a body of data.标识符：用来确定、表明或命名一个数据组的标志〔blivit〕Something difficult or impossible to name.难以命名的或不可能命名的事物〔charge〕The intrinsic property of matter responsible for all electric phenomena, in particular for the force of the electromagnetic interaction, occurring in two forms arbitrarily designatednegative and positive. 负荷：构成所有电子现象（尤指电磁感应力）起因的物质的固有属性，以两种任意命名的形式负 和 正 出现 〔label〕To identify or designate with a label; describe or classify:把…归类，描述：用标签分别或命名；描绘或归类：〔after〕named after her mother.以他母亲的名字命名〔Memphis〕A city of southwest Tennessee on the Mississippi River near the Mississippi border. Established and named (1819) by Andrew Jackson on the site of a fort built in 1797, it was an important Union base after its capture by federal troops in 1862 during the Civil War. Memphis is today a major port and a tourist center famous for its associations with blues music. Population, 610,337.孟菲斯：美国田纳西州西南部一城市，位于密西西河边，接近密西西比州边界。由安德鲁·杰克逊于1797年在要塞的所在地建立起来，并给该城命名(1819年）。在内战期间于1862年被联邦军队占领后，就成了联邦的一个重要基地。今天，孟菲斯是一个主要港口，并成为以布希鲁斯音乐闻名的旅游中心。人口610,337〔gloxinia〕after Benjamin Peter Gloxin , 18th-century German botanist 以本杰明·彼得 葛罗新 而命名，18世纪德国植物学家 〔Helle〕The daughter of a Greek king who, while fleeing with her brother from their stepmother, drowned in the Hellespont, thereafter named for her.赫勒：希腊国王的女儿，与其弟一起逃离其后母，淹死于后来以其名字命名的称赫勒斯彭特海〔Whitehall〕A wide thoroughfare in London, England, running north and south between Trafalgar Square and the Houses of Parliament. Named after Whitehall Palace (1529-1698), the chief residence of the Court of London, it is noted for its government offices.白厅：英国伦敦的一条宽阔大道，南北走向，位于特拉法尔加广场与议会大厦之间，根据怀特霍尔宫而命名(1529年-1698年），是英国法庭的主要所在地，以其为政府办公机构所在地而著名〔Archeozoic〕Of, belonging to, or designating the earlier of two divisions of the Precambrian era.早期前寒武纪（的）：前寒武纪的两期中较早的一期的，属于它的或以其命名的 |
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英汉汉英双解词典收录301015条英汉双解翻译词条，可根据汉字查询相应的英文词汇，基本涵盖了全部常用汉字的英文读音、翻译及用法，是英语学习及翻译工作的有利工具。