| 单词 | 哈莱姆 |
| 释义 | 〔Cullen〕American poet whose collectionsColors (1926) and Copper Sun (1927) established him as a leading figure of the Harlem Renaissance. 卡伦，康提：(1903-1946) 美国诗人，他的诗集《有色人种》 （1926年）以及 《古铜色的太阳》 （1927年）使他成为哈莱姆文艺复兴中的领袖人物 〔McKay〕Jamaican-born American writer who figured prominently in the Harlem Renaissance of the 1920's. His works include collections of poetry, such asConstab Ballads (1912), and novels, including Home to Harlem (1928). 麦凯，克劳德：(1890-1948) 牙买加裔美国作家，为20世纪20年代的哈莱姆文艺复兴时期的杰出代表人物。他的作品有诗集如《康斯特布民歌》 （1912年）以及小说如 《回到哈莱姆的家》 （1928年） 〔Hughes〕American writer. Through his poetry, prose, and drama he made important contributions to the Harlem Renaissance. His best-known works includeWeary Blues (1926) and The Ways of White Folks (1934). 休斯，（詹姆斯）兰斯顿：(1902-1967) 美国作家。他的诗歌，散文和戏剧对哈莱姆文艺复兴做出了重要贡献。他最著名的作品包括《消沉的蓝色》 （1926年）和 《白人的方式》 （1934年） 〔Locke〕American educator and writer who was a leader of the Harlem Renaissance. His works includeFour Negro Poets (1927) and Negro Art: Past and Present (1936). 洛克，阿兰·莱罗伊：(1886-1954) 美国教育家和作家，哈莱姆复兴运动的领导人。他的作品包括《四名黑人诗人》 （1927年）和 《黑人艺术：过去和现在》 1936 〔Hammerstein〕German-born American operatic manager who founded opera houses in Harlem (1888) and Manhattan (1906). His grandsonOscar Hammerstein II (1895-1960), a lyricist, collaborated on many musicals and is best known for his efforts with Richard Rodgers, such as Oklahoma! (1943) and The Sound of Music (1959). 哈默斯坦，奥斯卡：(1846?-1919) 德国出生的美国剧院经理，于1888年在哈莱姆，1906年在曼哈顿创办了歌剧院。他的孙子奥斯卡·哈默斯坦II (1895-1960年）是一位抒情诗人，与人合作创作了不少音乐剧，其中以他与理查·罗杰斯的合作最为有名，作品如 《俄克拉荷马州》 （1943年）及 《音乐之声》 （1959年） 〔Harlem〕A section of New York City in northern Manhattan bordering on the Harlem and East rivers. Peter Stuyvesant established the Dutch settlement of Nieuw Haarlem here in 1658. A rapid influx of Black people beginning c. 1910 made it one of the largest Black communities in the United States. In the 1920's a flowering of Black art and literature was known as the Harlem Renaissance. After World War II many Hispanics settled in East (or Spanish) Harlem.哈莱姆区：纽约市一地区，位于曼哈顿北部，傍倚哈莱姆河和东河。1658年彼得·斯图佛逊在此建立起荷兰人寄居地——新哈莱姆区。自1910年以来，迅速增大的黑人居民使该地成为美国最大的黑人聚居地，20世纪20年代黑人艺术及文学的兴起被称为哈莱姆文艺复兴，二次大战后，许多西班牙人定居在东（或西班牙）哈莱姆区〔copacetic〕We know very little about the origin of the wordcopacetic, meaning "excellent, first-rate.” Is its origin to be found in Italian, in the speech of southern Black people, in the Creole French dialect of Louisiana, or in Hebrew?John O'Hara, who used the word inAppointment in Samarra, later wrote thatcopacetic was "a Harlem and gangster corruption of an Italian word.” O'Hara went on to say, "I don't know how to spell the Italian,but it's something like copacetti.” His uncertainty about how to spell the Italian is paralleled by uncertainty about how to spellcopacetic itself. Copacetic has been recorded with the spellings copasetic, copasetty, copesetic, copisettic, and kopasettee. The spelling is now more or less fixed, however, ascopacetic or copasetic, even though the origin of the word has not been determined.The Harlem connection mentioned by O'Hara would seem more likely than the Italian,sincecopacetic was used by Black jazz musicians and is said to have been Southern slang in the late 19th century. Ifcopacetic is Creole French in origin, it would also have a Southern homeland.According to this explanation,copacetic came from the Creole French word coupersètique, which meant "able to be coped with,” "able to cope with anything and everything,” "in good form,”and also "having a healthy appetite or passion for life or love.”Those who support the Hebrew or Yiddish origin ofcopacetic do not necessarily deny the Southern connections of the word. One explanation has it that Jewish storekeepers used the Hebrew phrasekol bĕṣedeq, "all with justice,”when asked if things were O.K. Black children who were in the store as customers or employees heard this phrase ascopacetic. No explanation of the origin ofcopacetic, including the ones discussed here, has won the approval of scholars, as is clearly shown by the etymology ofcopacetic in the first volume of the Dictionary of American Regional English, published in 1985: "Etym unknown.” 我们对copacetic 这个词的词源所知甚少，其意为“极好的、一流的”。 它是起源于意大利语、南方黑人口语、路易斯安那州的克里奥耳人的法语方言还是希伯来语？约翰·奥哈拉在撒马拉的约会 中用到这个词， 他后来写到copacetic 是“变成哈莱姆黑人居住区和强盗土语的意大利词”。 奥哈拉还说，“我不知道原来的意大利词是如何拼写的，但是有点象copacetti"。与他不敢肯定如何拼写这个意大利词一样，他对copacetic 一词本身的拼法也不敢肯定。 Copacetic 曾经被拼写成 copasetic, copasetty, copesetic, copisettic 以及 kopasettee。 现在它的拼法多少已经固定成copacetic 或 copasetic， 尽管这个词的词源仍未被确定。奥哈拉所提及的它与哈莱姆黑人居住区的关系看上去比它和意大利语的关系更有可能，因为黑人爵士歌手曾用过copacetic 这个词，并且据说在19世纪晚期它曾是南方的俚语。 如果copacetic 在词源上是克里奥耳人的法语， 那么它也是从南方来的。根据这一解释，copacetic 来自克里奥耳人法语中 coupersetique 一词， 表示“有能力与人竞争的”、“有能力处理任何事情及一切事情的”、“以好的方式的”，还表示“对生活或爱情有正常的欲望或激情的”。那些认为copacetic 来自希伯来语或意第绪语的人并不一定否认这个词与南方的关系。 一种解释认为，犹太店主们在被询问是否一切都好时用了希伯来语中的短语kol bĕṣedeq 即“一切太平”之意， 在店里作工或买东西的黑人儿童将这个短语听成了copacetic。 在关于copacetic 词源的解释中，包括以上讨论的这些，没有一种得到学者们的认可， 这一点我们可以在美国方言英语辞典 （1985年出版）第一册关于 copacetic 一词的词源解释中清楚地看到：“词源不知” |
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