| 单词 | 哲学学派 |
| 释义 | 〔Alexandrian〕Of, characteristic of, or belonging to a learned school of Hellenistic literature, science, and philosophy located at Alexandria in the last three centuriesb.c. : 亚历山大学派的：公元前 最后三个世纪位于亚历山大城的希腊风格的文学、科学和哲学学派的，具有其特性的或属于其的： 〔cynic〕A cynic may be pardoned for thinking that this is a dog's life.The Greek wordkunikos, from which cynic comes, was originally an adjective meaning "doglike,” fromkuōn, "dog.” The word was most likely applied to the Cynic philosophers because of the nicknamekuōn given to Diogenes of Sinope, the prototypical Cynic. He is said to have performed such actions as barking in public, urinating on the leg of a table, and masturbating on the street.The first use of the word recorded in English, in a work published from 1547 to 1564, is in the plural for members of this philosophical sect.In 1596 we find the first instance ofcynic meaning "faultfinder,” a sense that was to develop into our modern sense.The meaning "faultfinder" came naturally from the behavior of countless Cynics who in their pursuit of virtue pointed out the flaws in others.Such faultfinding could lead quite naturally to the belief associated with cynics of today that selfishness determines human behavior.犬儒学派成员因认为这是狗的生命而可能被赦免。希腊词kunikos 是 cynic 的来源， 最初为形容词，意思是“似狗”，源自kuon “狗”，。 这个词最适用于犬儒派哲学家，因为给犬儒主义者的鼻祖的绰号是kuon 。 据说他曾经当众吼叫，在桌腿上小便，并且在街上手淫。这个词在一本1547到1564年出版的著作里首次用英语记录下来的用法是，用作复数来指代此哲学学派的成员。1596年，我们发现cynic 的第一个意思是吹毛求疵的人的例子， 也是发展成具有我们现代意义的含义。 “吹毛吹疵的人”这个意思是从无数个以追求指摘别人缺点为美德的犬儒主义者的行为而得来。这种指摘很自然地得出与现在的犬儒主义相联系的信仰，认为自私自利决定人类行为〔Cyrene〕An ancient Greek city of Cyrenaica. Founded c. 630b.c. , it was noted as an intellectual center with distinguished schools of medicine and philosophy. 昔兰尼：昔兰尼加的一个古希腊城市，建于公元前 630年，它作为拥有许多著名的医学和哲学学派的文化中心而闻名 〔Cyrenaic〕A disciple of the Cyrenaic school of philosophy.昔兰尼哲学学派的信徒〔Eleatic〕Of or characteristic of the school of philosophy founded by Xenophanes and Parmenides and holding the belief that immutable being is the only knowable reality and that change is the subject of mere opinion.埃利亚学派的：关于色诺芬尼和巴门尼德创立的哲学学派的或以此学派为特征的，这个学派认为不动的存在是唯一可知的事实而变化是人的观点的主观臆想〔Elea〕An ancient Greek colony of southern Italy near the Gulf of Salerno. Reputedly founded by Xenophanes, it was the center of the Eleatic school of philosophy.埃利亚：意大利南部古代希腊的殖民地，邻近萨勒诺海湾，是埃利亚哲学学派的中心，此学派据说由色诺芬尼创立 |
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