| 单词 | 善与恶 |
| 释义 | 〔Manichaeism〕A dualistic philosophy dividing the world between good and evil principles or regarding matter as intrinsically evil and mind as intrinsically good.善恶对立说：一种二元论哲学，把世界分为善与恶两方面，或认为物质本质是恶的而思想本质上是善的〔Mencius〕Chinese Confucian philosopher who taught that man is innately good and that one's nature can be enhanced or perverted by one's environment.孟子：中国儒家哲学家，认为人生而具有天赋的“仁心”，一个人的善与恶由其所处的环境决定〔mouthing〕mouthings about sin and morality.关于善与恶的空谈〔between〕According to a widely repeated but unjustified tradition,“between is used for two, and among for more than two.” It is true thatbetween is the only choice when exactly two entities are specified: the choice between (not among ) good and evil, the rivalry between (not among ) Great Britain and France. When more than two entities are involved, however, or when the number of entities is unspecified,the choice of one or the other word depends on the intended sense.Between is used when the entities are considered as distinct individuals; among, when they are considered as a mass or collectivity. Thus in the sentenceThe bomb landed between the houses, the houses are seen as points that define the boundaries of the area of impact (so that we presume that none of the individual houses was hit). InThe bomb landed among the houses, the area of impact is considered to be the general location of the houses, taken together (in which case it is left open whether any houses were hit). By the same token, we may speak ofa series of wars between the Greek cities, which suggests that each city was an independent belligerent, or ofa series of wars among the Greek cities, which allows as well the possibility that the belligerents were shifting alliances of cities. For this reason,among is most appropriate to indicate inclusion in a group: 根据重复多次但没什么根据的传统看法，“between 用于两者之间，而 among 用于二者以上。” 当只提到两个实体时，between 确实是唯一的选择： the choice between （而不用 among ） good and evil（善与恶之间的选择），the rivalry between （不用 among ） Great Britain and France（英法间的对抗）。 当牵涉到两个以上实体时，如果实体的数目不确定，选择其中之一则取决于倾向性。当实体被看作不同的个体时用between ； 当其被看作整体或集合时用among 。 因此在句子The bomb landed between the houses 中，房屋被看作一个限定了中弹地区的界限（ 所以我们假设一所所单独的房子未被击中）。在The bomb landed among the houses 中，被中弹地区被看作是房屋的整体地区（ 在这种情形下房屋是否被击中并未说明）。同样的表示法，我们可以说a series of wars between the Greek cities， 表示每个城市是独立的参战者，我们也可以说a series of wars among the Greek cities， 表示存在某些城市做为联合参战者的可能性。 因此，among 最适合表示包括在一群成一组人之内： 〔Nietzsche〕German philosopher who reasoned that Christianity's emphasis on the afterlife makes its believers less able to cope with earthly life. He argued that the ideal human being, theUbermensch, would be able to channel passions creatively instead of suppressing them. His written works include Beyond Good and Evil (1886) and Thus Spake Zarathustra (1883-1892). 尼采，弗里德里希·威廉：(1844-1900) 德国哲学家，论断基督教强调的来生说使它的信徒们不能很好地处理现世的生活。他坚持认为理想化的人类，《超人哲学》 能够创造性地引导情感而不被它们所压制。他的著作包括 《善与恶的彼岸》 （1886年）和 《查拉图斯特拉如是说》 （1883-1892年） 〔dualism〕The concept that the world is ruled by the antagonistic forces of good and evil.二元论：认为世界由两个相互对立的力量，善与恶控制的观念 |
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