| 单词 | 囚禁 |
| 释义 | 〔Atahualpa〕Last Incan emperor of Peru (1525-1533). He was captured by the Spaniards, convicted of plotting against Pizarro, and executed by garrote despite his agreement to a vast ransom.阿塔瓦尔帕：秘鲁印加帝国末代皇帝（1525-1533年），他被西班牙人囚禁，认定他密谋反对皮萨罗，即使他同意支付大笔赎金仍被绞刑处死〔prison〕The wordprison has its origins not in the notions of what such a place is but rather in the notion of how one gets there. Prison can be traced back to the Latin word prēnsiō, "the action or power of making an arrest.” This in turn is derived from the verbprehendere or prendere, which meant "to take hold of, take into custody, arrest.”Prēnsiō then dives into the obscurity of the time when Romance languages such as French were being formed from Vulgar Latin and resurfaces in the Old French of the 12th century with the formprison and the senses "capture" and "place of imprisonment.”This new sense could have already been developed in Latinand not been recorded,but we have to wait until the 12th century to see it,the sense "captivity" being added in the same century.From Old French as well as the Medieval Latin wordpriso, "prison,” derived from Old French, came our Middle English word prisoun, first recorded in a work written before 1121in the sense "imprisonment.”The sense "place of imprisonment" is recorded shortly afterward in a text copied down before 1225but perhaps actually written in the Old English period before the Norman Conquest.Prison 这个单词的来源不在于它是一个什么样的地方而在于一个人是怎么进去的。 Prison 可追溯到意思是“进行逮捕的行动或力量”的拉丁词 prensio。 这个词也是从动词prehendere 或 prendere 派生出来的， 意思是“捉住，逮捕，拘留。”Prensio 这个词在罗马语系中的语言（如法语）逐渐从通俗拉丁语形成时被人们忘却了， 12世纪又以prison 的形式在古法语中重新露面， 其含义是“捉住”和“囚禁人的地方。”这个新的含义很可能在拉丁语中已得到了发展，只是没有被记录下来，但是我们直到12世纪才看到它，在同一世纪“囚禁，俘虏”的意思被加了进去。从古法语、同时也是从源于古法语的中世纪拉丁语词priso “监狱，监禁”中产生了中古英语单词 prison， 这个词最早的记录是在一部著于1121年的作品中，意思是“监禁，拘留。”“监禁或囚禁的地方”这层意思在稍后出现的、在1225年以前被抄录下来的一篇文章中出现，但可能实际写作的时间是在诺曼征服之前的古英语时期〔captivity〕The state or period of being imprisoned, confined, or enslaved.囚禁（期）：被监禁、限制或奴役的状态或时间〔Calcutta〕A city of eastern India on the Hooghly River in the Ganges delta. Founded c. 1690 as a British East India Company trading post, it is India's largest city and a major port and industrial center. In the notorious Black Hole of Calcutta more than 120 British soldiers died of suffocation (1756) after being imprisoned overnight in the small, stifling dungeon by the nawab of Bengal. Population, 3,305,006.加尔各答：印度东部的一座城市，位于恒河三角洲上的胡格利河畔。于公元1690年作为英国东印度公司的商贸据点而建成，是印度最大的城市，主要的港口和工业中心。在臭名昭著的“加尔各答黑洞”中，120名英国士兵被整夜囚禁在狭小憋闷的地牢里然后窒息而死（1756）。人口3,305,006〔liberty〕The condition of being physically and legally free from confinement, servitude, or forced labor.See Synonyms at freedom 自由：从囚禁、奴役或强制劳动中解放出来，获得身体上和法律上自由的状况 参见 freedom〔Madero〕Mexican revolutionary and politician who forced the resignation of Porfirio Díaz and assumed the presidency (1911). Unable to effect reform, he was overthrown and imprisoned by Victoriano Huerta (1913) and was killed while reportedly attempting to escape.马德罗，弗朗西斯科·印达尔希奥：(1873-1913) 墨西哥革命家和政治家，在强迫普弗里雯·迪亚斯辞职后自己担任总统(1911年）。由于改革未能成功，他被维克多里亚诺·韦尔塔推翻并囚禁(1913年），据说他在企图逃跑时被杀〔postexilic〕Of or relating to the period of Jewish history following the Babylonian captivity (after 586b.c. ). 放逐期后的：巴比伦囚禁这段历史之后的犹太人的历史的（即公元前 586年之后），或与其有关的 〔release〕A deliverance or liberation, as from confinement, restraint, or suffering.赦免，解除：解除或解放，例如从囚禁，约束或痛苦中解放〔liberate〕To set free, as from oppression, confinement, or foreign control.解放：释放，例如从压迫下、囚禁中或外国统治下〔prison〕A state of imprisonment or captivity.监禁，下狱：被关押或囚禁的状态 |
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