| 单词 | 四种 |
| 释义 | 〔phlegm〕One of the four humors of ancient physiology, described as cold and moist and thought to cause sluggishness, apathy, and evenness of temper.懒散，迟钝；冷漠：古代生理学的四种体液之一，被描述为冷淡和伤感，被认为由懒散、冷漠和性情平和引起〔sonata〕A composition for one to four instruments, one of which is usually a keyboard instrument, usually consisting of three or four independent movements varying in key, mood, and tempo.奏鸣曲：由一种到四种乐器演奏的乐曲，其中一种通常为键盘乐器，通常由三个或四个独立的乐章构成，这些乐章在调、调式及速度上各不相同〔AB〕One of four types of blood in the ABO system.AB型血：ABO系统中四种血型的一种〔cerium〕A lustrous, iron-gray, malleable metallic rare-earth element that occurs chiefly in the minerals monazite and bastnaesite, exists in four allotropic states, is a constituent of lighter flint alloys, and is used in various metallurgical and nuclear applications. Atomic number 58; atomic weight 140.12; melting point 795°C; boiling point 3,468°C; specific gravity 6.67 to 8.23; valence 3, 4. See table at element 铈：一种有光泽、铁灰色、可延展的金属稀土元素，主要存在于独居石和氟碳铈矿中，以四种同素异形体存在，是轻燧石合金的成分，在冶金和核能工业上有多种应用。原子序数58；原子量140.12；熔点795°C；沸点3,468°C；比重6.67至8.23；化合价3,4 参见 element〔humor〕One of the four fluids of the body, blood, phlegm, choler, and black bile, whose relative proportions were thought in ancient physiology to determine a person's disposition and general health.基本的体液：血液、粘液、胆汁和黑胆汁四种体液之一，古代生理学家认为它们的相对比例决定一个人的性情和健康状况〔complexion〕The combination of the four humors of cold, heat, moistness, and dryness in specific proportions, thought in ancient and medieval physiology to control the temperament and the constitution of the body.体质：古代与中世纪生理学家们认为冷、热、湿、干四种体液的特定比例的组合控制着身体的温度和体质〔quartet〕A composition for four voices or instruments.四重奏（唱）曲：四声合唱或由四种乐器演奏的作品〔sanguine〕Perhaps one has wondered what the connection betweensanguinary, "bloodthirsty,” and sanguine, "cheerfully optimistic,” could be. The connection can be found in medieval physiology with its notion of the four humors (blood, bile, phlegm, and black bile).These four body fluids were thought to determine a person's temperament,or distinguishing mental and physical characteristics.Thus, if blood was the predominant humor, one had a ruddy face and a disposition marked by courage, hope, and a readiness to fall in love.Such a temperament was calledsanguine, the Middle English ancestor of our wordsanguine. The sources of the Middle English word were Old Frenchsanguin and Latin sanguineus, the source of the French word. Both the Old French and Latin words meant "bloody,” "blood-colored,”Old Frenchsanguin having the sense "sanguine in temperament" as well. Latinsanguineus in turn was derived from sanguīs, "blood,” just as English sanguinary is. The English adjectivesanguine, first recorded in Middle English before 1350, went on to refer simply to the cheerfulness and optimism that accompanied a sanguine temperament,no longer having any direct reference to medieval physiology.也许有人对sanguinary （“嗜血的”）和 sanguine （“愉快乐观的”）两词之间的联系感到不解。 这种联系可以追溯到中世纪生理学中四种体液的概念（多血质型、胆汁型、黏液型和抑郁型）。这四种体液被认为可决定人的性格，或者能区分出精神和肉体上的特征。因此，如果血液是最主要的体液，一个人就应有红润的脸庞和以勇敢、充满希望、易于陷入情网为特征的性情。这种性情被称为sanguine ， 也就是我们sanguine 一词的中世纪英语的原形。 中世纪英语中该词源于古法语sanguin 一词和拉丁文 sanguineus （法语词的来源）。 在古法语和拉丁文中，该词意思都是“流血的”、“血色的”，古法语sanguin 还含有“生性乐天派的”之意。 拉丁文的sanguineus 也是由 sanguis （“血的”）而来，正如英语中的 sanguinary 一词。 英语形容词sanguine 最初记载于1350年以前的中古英语中， 演化为仅指伴随乐天派性情而具有的愉快和乐观之义，与中世纪生理学没有直接联系〔sour〕The sensation of sour taste, one of the four primary tastes.酸味：酸的味觉，四种基本味觉之一〔temperament〕The distinguishing mental and physical characteristics of a human being according to medieval physiology, resulting from dominance of one of the four humors.气质：在中世纪生理学中由四种体液之一的主宰而形成的一个人的与众不同的精神和肉体的特征〔coati〕Any of four species of omnivorous mammals of the generaNasua or Nasuella of South and Central America and the southwest United States, related to and resembling the raccoon but having a longer snout and tail. 长鼻浣熊：杂食性的四种豿属 或 浣熊 属的哺乳动物之一，产于南美洲和中美洲以及美国西南部，与浣熊有关且类似，但有更长的口鼻部和尾 〔cupping〕A treatment in which evacuated glass cups are applied to intact or scarified skin in order to draw blood toward or through the surface. It was used for disorders associated with an excess of blood, one of the four humors of medieval physiology.杯吸法,拔罐法：一种医疗方法，把抽空的玻璃杯放在完好无损或划破的皮肤上使血向体表聚集或放血出来。这种方法被用来治疗与血量过多有关的失调症，血是中世纪生理学中的四种体液之一〔gale〕Any of four winds with speeds of from 32 to 63 miles (51 to 102 kilometers) per hour, according to the Beaufort scale.七级到十级风：根据蒲福风级标准，四种风中的任何一种速度为每小时32至63英里(51至102公里）的风 |
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