| 单词 | 回避 |
| 释义 | 〔hike〕To leave because one's presence is unwanted. Often used in the imperative.回避：因别人不需要所以离开，经常用于命令句中〔apartheid〕Although South Africa has not furnished a great number of words that have achieved general currency in British and American English,one in particular,apartheid, has gained wide circulation. The first recorded use ofapartheid as an English term, in the Cape Times on October 24, 1947, is an ironic commentary on much of the word's use since then: "Mr. Hofmeyr said apartheid could not be reconciled with a policy of progress and prosperity for South Africa.” According to the March 15, 1961, issue of theLondon Times, the wordself-development was supposed to replace apartheid as the official term used by the South African Broadcasting Corporation for "the Government's race policies. ” And inMove Your Shadow, published in 1985, Joseph Lelyveld says that the "word is [now] shunned, even resented by the [National Party's] high priests as if it were an epithet fashioned by the country's enemies.” Butapartheid as a word and as a reality has been slow to disappear. The history ofapartheid, however, offers a possible model for change in this policy, for the word is an example of a mixture and combination of resources, in this case linguistic.Apartheid is an English word that came into South African English from Afrikaans, the language of the Dutch settlers of South Africa. They in turn had made up the word from the Dutch wordapart, "separate,” and the suffix -heid, which corresponds to our suffix -hood. Thusapartheid literally means "separateness.” The Dutch had earlier borrowed the wordapart, as did we, from the French phrase à part, meaning "to one side.” 尽管南非并没有向英国和美国英语里加入很多得以普遍使用的词汇，但尚有一例外，apartheid 这个词就得到了普遍应用。 apartheid 一词作为英语词汇的使用最早记录于1947年10月24日的 开普时报 上，从那时起对该词的使用就作了反讽式的评论： “霍夫梅伊先生说种族隔离制不能与南非进步及繁荣的政策相容。”根据1961年3月15日的一期伦敦时报 ， 南非广播公司试图以self-development 作为官方用语来代替 apartheid 表示“政府的种族政策”。 在1985年出版的移动你的影子 中，约瑟夫·莱莉瓦德说“这个词为高级牧师们所回避甚至痛恨， 似乎它是这个国家的敌人创造出来的修饰语。”但apartheid 作为词汇和作为现实存在消失得很慢。 然而apartheid 的历史为这种政策的变化提供了一个可能的模式， 因为这个词是语言学方面各种来源混合及联合的一个例子。Apartheid 是从南非的荷兰殖民者的语言进入南非英语的一个英语词汇。 依次由荷兰词apart “分隔”，和后缀 -heid （其与后缀 -hood 相对应）构成。 这样，apartheid 可逐字译为“分隔，隔离。” 荷兰人较早地借用了apart 一词，就如我们从法语里借用了意为“到一边”的 a part 一样 〔cop〕copped out on my friends; copped out by ducking the issue.失信于朋友；回避这个问题〔eschew〕To avoid; shun.See Synonyms at escape 避开；回避 参见 escape〔sidestep〕To dodge an issue or a responsibility.回避：避开问题或责任〔fudge〕To evade (an issue, for example); dodge.逃避（某事）；回避〔frank〕Candid stresses openness and sincerityand often suggests refusal to evade difficult or unpleasant issues: Candid 强调开朗性和真诚性，经常指对困难或不愉快的问题不加回避： 〔kiss〕To leave or disappear from notice:回避：从视野中离开或消失：〔skirt〕To evade, as by circumlocution:回避：避免，如通过婉转曲折的说法：〔Scottish〕Scottish is the full, original form of the adjective. Scots is an old Scottish variant of the form; Scotch is an English contraction of Scottish that at one time also came into use in Scotland ( as in Burns's"O thou, my Muse! guid auld Scotch drink!” ) but subsequently fell into disfavor.To some extent these facts can serve as a guide in choosing among the many variant forms of related words,such asScot, Scotsman or Scotswoman, or Scotchman or Scotchwoman, for one of the people of Scotland; Scots, (the) Scotch, or, rarely, (the) Scottish for the people of Scotland; andScots, Scotch, or Scottish for the dialect of English spoken in Scotland. The forms based onScotch are English and disfavored in Scotland, while those involving the full formScottish tend to be more formal. In the interest of civility, forms involvingScotch are best avoided in reference to people. But there is no sure rule for referring to things,since the history of variation in the use of these words has also left many expressions in which the choice is fixed,such asScotch broth, Scotch whisky, Scottish rite, and Scots Guards. Scottish 是这个形容词最完整，最原始的形式。 Scots 是这种形式的一种古老的苏格兰英语变体； Scotch 是苏格兰语的一个英语缩写形式并且苏格兰人曾用过( 例如波恩斯写过“喔你，我的灵感!最古代的苏格兰饮料!” )， 但后来就不令人喜欢了。在某种意义上讲这些事实可以帮助我们在那些有联系的各种变体中选择，例如Scot, Scotsman 或者 Scotswoman, 或者 Scotchman 或者 Scotchwoman, 来指定一个苏格兰的人； Scots, (the)Scotch, 或者，很少见的 (the) Scottish 来指定一个苏格兰人； 以及Scots, Scotch, 或者 Scottish 来指示在苏格兰讲的英语方言， 以Scotch 为基础的形式是英语在苏格兰不受欢迎， 但是包括完整形式Scottish 的那些形式趋向于更正式。 考虑到礼数时，带Scotch 的形式在指人时会被尽量回避的。 不过并没有一个固定的规则来指示事物，因为由于在使用这些字时不同变体的历史已经使许多表述方式固定下来了，例如苏格兰浓汤，苏格兰威士忌，苏格兰仪式 和 苏格兰卫兵 〔Parthian〕"a Parthian volley of expletives from Uncle Billy"(Bret Harte)“比利叔叔的一阵回避性的感叹语”(布雷特·哈特)〔off〕In Modern Englishthe compound prepositionoff of is generally regarded as informal and is best avoided in formal speech and writing: 在现代英语中，复合介词off of 一般被认为是非正式的， 最好在正式讲演和作品中回避使用： 〔Parthian〕Delivered in or as if in retreat:以回避的方式说出：〔evade〕evade responsibility.See Synonyms at escape 回避责任 参见 escape〔parry〕He skillfully parried the question with a clever reply.他用巧妙的回答极富技巧地回避了那个问题〔parry〕An evasive answer or action.回避性的回答或动作〔watertight〕Having no flaws or loopholes; impossible to fault, refute, or evade:无懈可击的：没有瑕疵或漏洞的；不可能错误、反驳或回避的：〔kiss〕got bad press by telling the reporters to kiss off.因为让记者回避而承受严重的压力〔burke〕"To makeThe Tempest a tragic and depressing play he was willing to burke all the elements that made it the exact opposite" (Robert M. Adams)“为了使暴风雨 成为一部悲伤和痛苦的剧目，他愿意回避与之相反的全部因素” (罗伯特M.亚当斯)〔dodger〕a skilled dodger of reporters' questions.擅于回避记者问题的老手〔bypass〕A means of circumvention.绕开：回避的途径〔evade〕To avoid giving a direct answer to.回避：避免做直接回答 |
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