| 单词 | 国商 |
| 释义 | 〔Whittington〕English merchant and mayor of London (1397-1399, 1406-1407, and 1419-1420) who loaned large sums of money to Henry IV and Henry V.惠廷顿，理查德：(1358?-1423) 英国商人，任伦敦市长期间(1397-1399，1406-1407和1419-1420年）曾借给亨利四世和亨利五世大量的金钱〔bottom〕"English merchants did much of their overseas trade in foreign bottoms"(G.M. Trevelyan)“英国商人在外国船只中进行大量海外贸易”(G.M.特里维廉)〔Lipton〕British merchant and yacht racer who opened a successful chain of grocery stores in Great Britain and established tea processing factories in England and the United States.李普顿，托马斯·约翰斯顿：(1850-1931.) 英国商人和游艇赛手，他在英国成功地开办了连锁杂货店并在英格兰和美国建立了茶叶加工厂〔Selfridge〕American-born British merchant who founded (1908) the Selfridge and Company department store in London.塞尔弗里奇，哈里·戈登：(1864?-1947) 美裔英国商人，他在伦敦创建了塞尔弗里奇公司百货商店(1908年）〔shivaree〕Shivaree is the most common American regional form of charivari, a French word meaning "a noisy mock serenade for newlyweds"and probably deriving in turn from a Late Latin word meaning "headache.”The term, most likely borrowed from French traders and settlers along the Mississippi River,was well established in the United States by 1805;an account dating from that year describes a shivaree in New Orleans: "The house is mobbed by thousands of the people of the town, vociferating and shouting with loud acclaim . . . many[are] in disguises and masks; and all have some kind of discordant and noisy music, such as old kettles, and shovels, and tongs. . . . All civil authority and rule seems laid aside" (John F. Watson).The wordshivaree is especially common along and west of the Mississippi River, giving it an unusual north-south dialect boundary (most dialect boundaries run east-west in the United States).Alva L. Davis and Raven I. McDavid, Jr., callshivaree "one of the most widely distributed folk terms borrowed by American English from any European language.” Some regional equivalents arebelling, used in Pennsylvania, West Virginia, and Ohio; horning, from upstate New York, Rhode Island, and western New England; andserenade, a term used chiefly in the South Atlantic states. Shivaree 是 charivari 这个词在美国的最普通的地方形式， charivari是个法语词，意思是“一种为新婚夫妇演奏的喧闹的嘲弄式小夜曲”，这个词本身可能是从一个意思为“头痛”的后期拉丁文演变而来。这个词极有可能是从密西西比河沿岸的法国商人和拓居者那儿借用而来，到了1805年这个词已经在美国深深地扎根了；一份可以追溯到这一年的记录描写了新奥良的演奏这种小夜曲的情况： “房子里挤满了成千从镇上来的人，喧嚷着，叫喊着，大声欢呼…许多人 化了装，带了面具，所有的人都搞出某种不和协、喧闹的音响，比如用旧水壶，铲子，钳子…一切世俗的权威和规则好象已经被放到了一边” （约翰F·华生） 。shivaree 这个词在密西西比河沿岸和该河以西尤为常见， 这样密西西比河就成了一个不寻常的方言区的南北分界线（而在美国大多数方言区的分界线都是东西向的）。阿尔瓦·L·戴维斯和小拉文·I·麦克戴维把shivaree 这个词称为“美国英语从欧洲语言中借来的民间用语中流传最广的一个”。 其它地方方言中相当于这个词的词有belling 在宾夕法尼亚州、弗吉尼亚西部和俄亥俄州流传； 纽约州上半部份，罗德岛州，新英格兰西部的horning ， 而大西洋沿岸南部各州主要用serenade 这个词 〔Plimsoll〕British merchant and shipping reformer. He introduced the Merchant Shipping Act of 1876, establishing safe load limits for cargo ships.普利姆索尔，塞缪尔：(1824-1898) 英国商人和货运改革家，他提出了1876年的商船法案，从此建立了货船的安全载重限量〔Yale〕Colonial-born English merchant and philanthropist who made a series of contributions to the Collegiate School in Connecticut, which was renamed in Yale's honor (1718).耶鲁，伊莱休：(1649-1721) 生于殖民地的英国商人和慈善家，曾向康涅狄格的学院做过一系列捐献，为纪念他更名为耶鲁 (1718年）.〔Opelousas〕A city of south-central Louisiana west-northwest of Baton Rouge. It was founded by French traders c. 1756 and served briefly as the state capital in 1862. Population, 18,151.奥珀卢萨斯：美国路易斯安那中南部一城市，位于巴顿鲁日西北偏西，于1756年，由法国商人建立，1862年定为首府，人口18,151 |
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