| 单词 | 国民 |
| 释义 | 〔Kennedy〕American politician. A U.S. senator from Massachusetts (since 1962), he has sponsored national health insurance legislation and been a long-time leader of the Democratic Party.肯尼迪，爱德华·穆尔：(生于 1932) 美国政治家，马萨诸塞州议员（1962年起），曾倡议国民健康保险法案，并长期任民主党领袖〔flag〕National or other allegiance, as symbolized by a flag:同一旗帜的组织：以一面旗帜作象征的国民或其它效忠对象：〔national〕A citizen of a particular nation.See Synonyms at citizen 国民：特定国家的公民 参见 citizen〔Attlee〕British politician who as prime minister (1945-1951) formed the Labor government that established the National Health Service, expanded public ownership of industry, and granted independence to India (1947) and Burma (1948).艾德礼，克雷芒·理查德：(1883-1967) 英国政治家，任首相（1945-1951年）期间组成了建立国民医疗服务体系的工党政府，扩大了公众对工业的所有权，授予印度（1947年）和缅甸（1948年）独立权〔neutral〕A citizen of such a nation.中立国国民：不结盟国家中的居民〔FNMA〕Federal National Mortgage Association.联邦国民抵押协会〔Charlotte〕Grand duchess of Luxembourg. Ascending to the throne in 1919, she took her government into exile during the Nazi occupation of Luxembourg and supported her people through regular radio broadcasts. She returned triumphantly in 1945 and ruled until 1984.夏洛特：卢森堡大公国的女君主。1919年登基王位，在纳粹占领卢森堡期间，她曾组织流亡政府并通过定期的电台广播支持国民的斗争。1945年胜利返回祖国，一直统治到1984年〔country〕The people of a nation or state; populace:国民：国家的人民；民众：〔guillotine〕"At half past 12 the guillotine severed her head from her body.”So reads the statementcontaining the first recorded use ofguillotine in English, found in theAnnual Register of 1793. The word occurs in a context clearly illustrating the function of theguillotine, "a machine with a heavy blade that falls freely between upright guides to behead a condemned person.” Ironically, the guillotine, which became the most notable symbol of the excesses of the French Revolution,was named for a humanitarian physician, Joseph Ignace Guillotin.Guillotin, a member of the French Constituent Assembly,recommended in a speech to that body on October 10, 1789,that executions be performed by a beheading device rather than by hanging, the method used for commoners, or by the sword, reserved for the nobility.He argued that beheading by machine was quicker and less painful than the work of the rope and the sword.In 1791 the Assembly did indeed adopt beheading by machine as the state's preferred method of execution.A beheading device designed by Dr. Antoine Louis, secretary of the College of Surgeons, was first used on April 25, 1792, to execute a highwayman named Pelletier or Peletier.The device was called alouisette or louison after its inventor's name,but because of Guillotin's famous speech,his name became irrevocably associated with the machine. After Guillotin's death in 1814,his children tried unsuccessfully to get the device's name changed.When their efforts failed,they were allowed to change their name instead.“十二点半，断头台斩落了他的头颅。”这句话如此写道。这是英语文章中第一次使用guillotine 这个词， 它出现在1793年的年度文摘 中。 该文中，该词清楚地体现了guillotine 的功用——“利用垂直向下砍落的重斧斩落犯人头颅的机器。” 令人啼笑皆非的是，这一成为法国大革命中恐怖暴行最显著标志的断头台，竟是因一个人文主义医生，约瑟夫·英格纳斯·吉约坦命名的。吉约坦是法国国民代表大会的成员，在1789年10月的一次发言中向大会提出，在处决犯人时以一种砍头的机器来代替处决普通犯人时所用的绞刑或是处决贵族时使用的宝剑。他认为用机器砍头比用绳子或宝剑快而且痛苦小。1791年，国民大会确实将用机器砍头定为国家处决犯人的方法。由外科医生院秘书长安东尼·路易医生设计的砍头装置在1792年4月25日处决拦路强盗佩尔蒂或佩尔捷时第一次使用。这个装置被称为路易塞特 或 路易森 ， 因由其发明者而得名。但是由于吉约坦那次著名的发言，他的名字不可避免地与这种机器联系在一起。1814年吉约坦死后，他的子孙试图为这种机器换个名字,但没有成功。当他们的努力失败后，他们得到允许，改换了自己的名字〔Qaddafi〕Libyan political leader who seized power in a military coup d'état against the Libyan monarchy (1969) and imposed socialist policies and Islamic orthodoxy on the country.卡扎菲，穆埃玛·阿尔：(生于 1942) 利比亚政治领袖，在一场反对利比亚君主专政(1969年）的军事政变中，夺取了政权并向国民强制施行社会主义政策和伊斯兰正统思想〔Weimar〕A city of central Germany southwest of Leipzig. First mentioned in 975, it became the capital of the duchy of Saxe-Weimar in 1547 and developed as the most important cultural center in Germany after the arrival of Goethe in 1775. In 1919 the German National Assembly met here and established theWeimar Republic, which lasted until 1933. Population, 64,007. 威玛：德国中部莱比锡西南的一城市。最早的有关它的记载是在975年，1547年成为萨克森-威玛公爵领地的首府，在1775年哥德到达后，它逐渐发展成为德国最重要的文化中心。1919年，德国国民代表大会在此召开，建立了魏玛共和国 ，该共和国1933年灭亡。人口64,007 〔Thai〕A native or inhabitant of Thailand.泰国人：泰国的国民或居民〔activate〕activate the National Guard.成立国民警卫队〔citizen〕 a British national;一个英国国民；〔Bryce〕British diplomat and historian whoseAmerican Commonwealth (1888) is a classic study of government and politics. 布赖斯，詹姆斯：(1838-1922) 英国外交官和历史学家，其所写的《美国国民》 （1888年）是对政府和政治的具代表性的研究著作 〔bulwark〕"The only sure bulwark of continuing liberty is a government strong enough to protect the interests of the people, and a people strong enough and well enough informed to maintain its sovereign control over its government" (Franklin D. Roosevelt). “唯一能保持持久和平的真正武器是一个能保护国民利益的强大政府和一个能保持对政府的主权控制的强大民族” （富兰克林·D·罗斯福）。 〔guardsman〕A National Guardmember.国民警卫队队员〔TAG〕The Adjutant General.国民警卫队总指挥〔Noriega〕Panamanian general. As commander in chief of the Panamanian National Guard, he assumed the role of head of state (1985) despite having never been formally elected. In 1992 he was convicted in the United States on charges relating to drug trafficking and sentenced to prison.诺瑞加，曼纽·安东尼奥：巴拿马将军。作为巴拿马国民警卫队的总司令，他履行国家元首的职务（1985），尽管他从未被正式选举过。1992年，他在美国因走私毒品方面的指控而被判定有罪，并因此而入狱〔denationalize〕To deprive of national rights or characteristics.开除…的国籍：剥夺国民权利或失去国民特点〔left〕The people and groups who advocate liberal, often radical measures to effect change in the established order, especially in politics, usually to achieve the equality, freedom, and well-being of the common citizens of a state. Also called left wing 左派人士，激进分子：拥护自由、经常采取激进的措施来影响现存秩序的变革的人或群体，尤指政治领域，经常是为了争取一个国家内广大国民的平等、自由及安康 也作 left wing〔Chechen〕A native or inhabitant of Chechnya.车臣人：车臣国民或居民〔Jackson〕American civil rights leader and politician. A Baptist minister, he directed national antidiscrimination efforts (1966-1977) and sought the 1984 and 1988 Democratic presidential nominations. His concern for the oppressed and his dramatic oratory have attracted a large grassroots constituency, called the Rainbow Coalition.杰克逊，耶西·路易斯：(生于 1941) 美国民权运动的领导人、政治家，浸信会教友，他于1966年至1977年领导了国民反歧视斗争，分别在1984年和1988年获得了民主党总统候选人的提名。他对受压迫者的关心和生动的演讲吸引了一大批普通民众的支持，被称为彩虹联盟〔Guardmember〕A National Guardmember.国民警卫队队员：国民警卫队的成员〔Kent〕A city of northeast Ohio east-northeast of Akron. Kent State University (founded 1910) is in the city and was the site of a 1970 demonstration against the Vietnam War in which four students were killed by members of the National Guard. Population, 28,835.肯特市：美国俄亥俄州东北部城市，位于亚克朗东北偏东方向。肯特州立大学（建于1910年）位于此城，在1970年举行的反越南战争的游行中，四名学生被国民警卫队成员枪杀。人口28,835〔splendiferous〕"The working genius of American design has been . . . a refining of utilitarian purity into a kind of splendiferous native simplicity"(Jay Cocks)“美国模式的工作天才是经过去除纯粹的功利主义而达到的极好的国民质朴性状态”(杰·科克斯)〔Indonesian〕A native or inhabitant of Indonesia.印尼人：印度尼西亚的国民或居住者 |
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