| 单词 | 土耳其 |
| 释义 | 〔Pergamum〕An ancient Greek city and kingdom of western Asia Minor in modern-day western Turkey. It passed to Rome in the second centuryb.c. and was noted for its sculpture and its library, which Mark Antony gave to Cleopatra. 帕加马：古希腊城市，西亚次大陆的一个王国，在今土耳其西部。在第二个世纪时，它归于罗马公元前 ，以雕塑和马克·安东尼给女王克里奥培特拉的图书馆而著名 〔Antalya〕A city of southwest Turkey on theGulf of Antalya, an inlet of the Mediterranean Sea. The city is situated on a steep cliff and surrounded by an old wall. Population, 173,501. 安塔利亚：土耳其西南部一城市，位于地中海入口处的安塔利亚湾 岸边。该城市位于悬崖之上被旧城墙围绕。人口173,501 〔Armenia〕A region and former kingdom of Asia Minor in present-day northeast Turkey, southeast European U.S.S.R., and northwest Iran. Established in the eighth centuryb.c. , it was probably the first state to adopt Christianity as a national religion (c. a.d. 303). 亚美尼亚：小亚细亚一地区和前王国，位于今土耳其东北，苏联欧洲部分东南，伊朗西北部公元前 8世纪建国，可能是第一个将基督教定为国教的国家（约 公元 303年） 〔Gansu〕A province of north-central China. It was long a corridor for the Silk Road to Turkistan, India, and Persia. Lanzhou is the capital. Population, 20,410,000.甘肃：中国中北部一省份。它很长时间以来是通往土耳其斯坦、印度和波斯的丝绸之路的门廊。兰州是其首府。人口20,410,000〔imaret〕An inn or hostel for pilgrims in Turkey.客栈，招待所：土耳其用来招待朝圣者的客栈或招待所〔Lawrence〕Welsh-born British soldier, adventurer, and writer who led the Arab revolt against the Turks (1916-1918) and later wrote an account of his adventures,The Seven Pillars of Wisdom (1926). 劳伦斯，托（马斯）·爱（德华）：(1888-1935) 威尔士裔英国士兵、探险家和作家，1916-1918年领导了阿拉伯人反抗土耳其的起义，后来撰写了一部有关他历险的作品《七根智慧柱》 （1926年） 〔Bendery〕A city of southwest European U.S.S.R. on the Dniester River near Odessa. A historically strategic gateway to Bessarabia, the city has been controlled at various times by Turkey, Russia, Romania, and the Soviet Union. Population, 122,000.宾杰里：苏联欧洲部分西南一城市，位于敖德萨附近的德涅斯特河畔。历史上是通往比萨拉比亚的战略通道，该城在不同时期曾为土耳其、俄国、罗马尼亚和苏联统治。人口122,000〔janissary〕A soldier in an elite Turkish guard organized in the 14th century and abolished in 1826.苏丹的近卫步兵：一支成立于14世纪并于1826年解散的精锐的土耳其军队的战士〔Tighina〕A city of southern Moldova on the Dniester River northwest of Odessa, Ukraine. A historically strategic gateway to Bessarabia, the city has been controlled at various times by Turkey, Russia, Romania, and the Soviet Union. Population, 144,900第吉纳：莫多瓦南部城市，位于乌克兰敖德萨西北的德涅斯特河畔。作为通往比萨拉比亚的历史战略要道，第吉纳曾在不同时期被土耳其、俄罗斯、罗马尼亚和苏联分别统治。人口144,900〔Turkism〕The culture, religion, or social system of the Turks.土耳其风尚：土耳其人的文化，宗教或社会制度〔Tigris〕A river of southwest Asia rising in eastern Turkey and flowing about 1,850 km (1,150 mi) southeast through Iraq to the Euphrates River. It was a major transportation route in ancient times.底格里斯河：亚洲西南部一条发源于土耳其东部的流程约1,850公里(1,150英里）的河流，向东南方向贯穿伊拉克汇入幼发拉底河，在古代是一条重要的运输线〔kiosk〕The lowly kiosk where one buys a newspaper or on which one posts advertisements is like a child in a fairy tale who though raised by humble parents is really the descendant of kings.The wordkiosk was originally taken into English ultimately from Turkish, in which its sourceköshk meant "pavilion.” The open structures referred to by the Turkish word were used as pavilions and summerhouses in Turkey and Persia.The first recorded use ofkiosk in English (1625) has reference to these Middle Eastern structures, which Europeans imitated in their own gardens and parks. In France and Belgium,where the Turkish word had also been borrowed,their wordkiosque was applied to something lower on the scale, structures resembling these pavilions but used as places to sell newspapers or as bandstands. England borrowed this lowly structure from Franceand reborrowed the word,which is first recorded in 1865with reference to a place where newspapers are sold.用来购买报纸或张贴广告的普通的凉亭好像是神话故事中尽管由地位低下的父母抚养但确实是国王后代的儿童一样，单词kiosk 收入英文的起源最早是土耳其语， 土耳其语中它的出处koshk 意为“大帐篷”。 在土耳其语中开敞的建筑物用来作为土耳其和波斯的帐篷和凉亭。英语中最早记录的kiosk 的使用（1625年）参照于欧洲人在他们自己的花园和公园中仿制的中东式建筑。 在法国和比利时，这个土耳其语单词也被借用，它们的单词kiosque 适用于结构上类似于这些凉亭，但规模上比较矮，用作卖报纸的场所或室外音乐台的建筑。 英国从法国引进了这种普通建筑，并且重新引入了这个单词，它的最早记载是在1865年，与卖报纸的场所有关〔Bukovina〕A historical region of eastern Europe in western Ukraine and northeast Romania. A part of the Roman province of Dacia, it was overrun by barbarian hordes after the third centurya.d. The area was later controlled by Kiev, the Ottoman Empire, and Austria. 布科维纳：布欧的一个历史地区，位于马克兰西部和罗马尼亚东北部，是德西亚的罗马省的一部分公元 3世纪以后被野蛮部落统治。该地区后来被基辅、土耳其帝国和奥地利所统治 〔Maeander〕An ancient name for the Menderes River of western Turkey.曼伊安德河：土耳其西部曼德列斯河的古名〔Skopje〕A city of southeast Yugoslavia on the Vardar River south-southeast of Belgrade. Dating from Roman times, it was under Turkish control from 1392 until 1913. Population, 406,400.斯科里普：南斯拉夫东南部的一座城市，位于瓦达河上，在贝尔格莱德东南偏南。从罗马时期开始算起，它在1392年到1913年间处于土耳其控制下。人口406,400〔Samothrace〕An island of northeast Greece in the northeast Aegean Sea off the coast of European Turkey. The famedWinged Victory of Samothrace, now at the Louvre in Paris, was sculpted c. 200 b.c. and found on the island in 1863. 萨莫色雷斯：希腊东北部一岛屿，位于土耳其欧洲部分东北爱琴海海岸附近，现在藏于巴黎卢浮宫的著名的《萨莫色雷斯有翅胜利女神像》 于 公元前 3世纪雕刻，1863年在此岛发现 〔archine〕A unit of length formerly used in Russia and Turkey, equal to about 71 centimeters (28 inches).阿尔申：早期用于俄国及土耳其的长度单位，约等于71厘米(28英寸）〔Saros〕An inlet of the northeast Aegean Sea indenting northwest European Turkey north of Gallipoli.萨罗斯湾：爱琴海东北部一海湾，将土耳其欧洲部分的西北部加利波利以北呈犬牙状割开〔Kazan〕Turkish-born American stage and film director whose credits include Tennessee Williams'sA Streetcar Named Desire (1947) and the motion pictures On the Waterfront (1954) and East of Eden (1955). 卡赞，埃利亚：(生于 1909) 土耳其裔美国舞台剧和电影导演，其经典之作有田纳西·威廉斯的《欲望号街车》 （1947年）和影片 《码头区》 （1954年）和 《伊甸园以东》 （1955年） 〔Vidin〕A city of extreme northwest Bulgaria on the Danube River near the Yugoslavia border. Founded in the first centurya.d. as a Roman fortess, it was under Turkish rule from 1396 to 1807. Population, 64,000. 维丁：接近南斯拉夫边界的一座城市，位于保加利亚西北端的多瑙河上。在公元 1世纪被建立为罗马的一个堡垒，从1396至1807年它受土耳其的统治。人口64,000 〔Ottoman〕Turkish.土耳其的；土耳其人的〔Malatya〕A city of east-central Turkey in the Taurus Mountains. It was the capital of a Hittite kingdom c. 1100b.c. and was long a strategic frontier outpost. Malatya was annexed by the Ottoman Empire in 1516. Population, 179,074. 马拉提亚：土耳其中东部的一座城市，位于托鲁斯山脉中。它是约在公元前 1100年时赫梯王朝的首府，长期以来一直是一个边境战略要塞。1516年马拉提亚被奥斯曼帝国吞并。人口179,074 〔Turk〕A native or inhabitant of Turkey.土耳其人：土耳其的原住民或居民〔Arad〕A city of western Romania on the Mureşul River near the Hungarian border. Ruled by Turkey and later by Hungary, it became part of Romania in 1920. Population, 183,774.阿拉德：罗马尼亚西部的一座城市，位于匈牙利边界附近的穆罗什河畔。先由土耳其统治，后由匈牙利统治，在1920年成为罗马尼亚的一部分。人口183,774〔Euboea〕An island of central Greece in the Aegean Sea east of the mainland. It was settled by Ionian and Thracian colonists and was later controlled by Athens, Rome, Byzantium, Venice, and Turkey before becoming part of Greece in 1830.埃维厄岛（优比亚岛）：希腊中部大陆以东爱琴海上的一个岛屿。来自小亚细亚和色雷斯的殖民者首先在此定居，在1830变成希腊领土的一部分以前曾被雅典、罗马、拜占庭、威尼斯和土耳其统治〔Levant〕The countries bordering on the eastern Mediterranean Sea from Turkey to Egypt.黎凡特：地中海东部自土耳其至埃及地区诸国〔Bergama〕A town of western Turkey north of Izmir. It occupies the site of ancient Pergamum. Population, 34,716.贝尔加玛：土耳其西部一城镇，位于伊兹密尔北部。是古帕加马所在地。人口34,716〔caviar〕Although caviar might seem to be something quintessentially Russian,the wordcaviar is not a native one, the Russian term beingikra. Caviar first came into English in the 16th century,probably by way of French and Italian,which, along with other European languages, borrowed it from Turkishhavyar. The source of the Turkish word is apparently an Iranian dialectal form related to the Persian word for "egg,”khāyah, and this in turn goes back to the same Indo-European root that gives us the English wordsegg and oval. This rather exotic etymology is appropriate to a substance that is not to everyone's taste,giving rise to Shakespeare's famous phrase,“'twas caviary to the general,”the general public, that is.虽然鱼子酱一词有点俄罗斯风范，但caviar 一词不是俄语， 俄语词是ikra。 Caviar 第一次出现在英语中是在16世纪，大概是来自法语和意大利语，而它们又与其它欧洲语言一起从土耳其语havyar 借用而来。 土耳其词的来源很明显是从与波斯单词“鸡蛋”khayah 有关的伊朗方言中而来， 并且由此追溯到给我们带来egg 和 oval 的同一印欧语系词根。 这种怪异的词源学不会适合所有人的口味，由此带来了莎士比亚的名言，“它是适合大众口味的鱼子酱，”即指一般公众〔Istanbul〕The largest city of Turkey, in the northwest part of the country on both sides of the Bosporus at its entrance into the Sea of Marmara. Founded c. 660b.c. as Byzantium, it was renamed Constantinople in a.d. 330 by Constantine the Great, who made it the capital of the Eastern Roman, or Byzantine, Empire. The city was sacked by Crusaders in 1204 and taken by the Turks in 1453. Istanbul was chosen as the official name in 1930. Population, 2,772,708. 伊斯坦布尔，君士坦丁堡：土耳其最大的城市，位于该国的西北部、博斯普鲁斯海峡的两岸、马尔马拉海的入口处。于公元前 660年建时称作拜占庭， 公元 330年由君士坦丁大帝改名为君士坦丁堡，他把它定为东罗马帝国的首都，或君士坦丁帝国。1204年，该城被十字军掠夺，1453年被土耳其人占领。1930年，“伊斯坦布尔”被指定为官方名称。人口2,772,708 〔Byzantium〕An ancient city of Thrace on the site of present-day Istanbul, Turkey. It was founded by the Greeks in the seventh centuryb.c. and taken by the Romans in a.d. 196. Constantine I ordered the rebuilding of the city in 330 and renamed it Constantinople. 拜占庭城：在今土耳其伊斯坦布尔城址上的一座色雷斯古城。公元前 7世纪时由希腊人所建。 公元 196年被罗马人强占。康斯坦丁一世于330年命令重建该城，并重新将之命名为康斯坦丁堡 〔Barbarossa〕Greek-born Turkish corsair who with his brotherArouj (died 1518) ravaged the coasts of Spain, Italy, and Greece. 巴尔巴罗萨：希腊裔土耳其海盗，曾与其弟阿鲁依 （死于1518年）一起劫掠过西班牙、意大利和希腊海岸 〔Qianlong〕Chinese emperor (1735-1796) of the Qing dynasty who subdued the Turkish and Mongolian threats to northern China, expanded the empire, and was a patron of the arts.乾隆：中国清代皇帝(1735-1796年），他平息了土耳其和蒙古对中国北部的威胁，扩大了帝国，并是艺术的支持者〔Bozcaada〕An island of Turkey in the northeast Aegean Sea south of the Dardanelles. According to tradition, it was the site of a Greek naval station during the Trojan War.波兹卡达：土耳其一岛屿，位于达丹内勒斯南部爱琴海东北部。据传说该岛是特洛伊战争时期希腊海军站所在地〔Bosnia〕A region of west-central Yugoslavia. It was settled by Serbs in the 7th century and became an independent state in the 12th century. Bosnia was controlled by Turkey after 1483 and was later annexed by the Austro-Hungarian Empire.波斯尼亚：南斯拉夫中西部的一地区。7世纪塞族人定居于此，12世纪成为一个独立国家。1483年以后波斯尼亚被土耳其控制，后来被奥匈帝国吞并〔vilayet〕An administrative division of Turkey.土耳其的省：土耳其的一个行政区划〔Abydos〕An ancient town of Asia Minor on the Asiatic coast of the Hellespont in modern-day Turkey. It was the scene of the legendary tale of Hero and Leander.阿比杜斯：小亚细亚的一个古老城镇，位于今天土耳其达达尼尔海峡的亚洲海岸。希罗与勒安得耳的传说即发生于此地〔Haran〕An ancient city of Mesopotamia in present-day southeast Turkey. It was an important trading post and a religious center devoted to the Assyrian moon god.哈兰：美索不达米亚的一座位于今天土耳其东南部的古城，它一个重要的贸易站和虔诚地信仰亚述月亮神的宗教中心〔Nizam〕nizam pl. nizam A Turkish soldier, especially in the 19th century. nizam 【复数】 nizam 土耳其士兵，尤指在19世纪〔Galatia〕An ancient country of central Asia Minor in the region surrounding modern Ankara, Turkey. Settled by Gauls in the third centuryb.c. , it became a Roman province in 25 b.c. 加拉提亚：小亚细亚地区中部的一座古城，在围绕土耳其安卡拉的地区内，在公元前 3世纪被高卢建立，在 公元前 25年成为罗马一省 〔Fezzan〕A region of southwest Libya. It was under Turkish control from the 16th century until 1912.斐赞：利比亚西南部一地区，从16世纪一直到1912年均由土耳其控制 |
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