| 单词 | 土耳其人 |
| 释义 | 〔Istanbul〕The largest city of Turkey, in the northwest part of the country on both sides of the Bosporus at its entrance into the Sea of Marmara. Founded c. 660b.c. as Byzantium, it was renamed Constantinople in a.d. 330 by Constantine the Great, who made it the capital of the Eastern Roman, or Byzantine, Empire. The city was sacked by Crusaders in 1204 and taken by the Turks in 1453. Istanbul was chosen as the official name in 1930. Population, 2,772,708. 伊斯坦布尔，君士坦丁堡：土耳其最大的城市，位于该国的西北部、博斯普鲁斯海峡的两岸、马尔马拉海的入口处。于公元前 660年建时称作拜占庭， 公元 330年由君士坦丁大帝改名为君士坦丁堡，他把它定为东罗马帝国的首都，或君士坦丁帝国。1204年，该城被十字军掠夺，1453年被土耳其人占领。1930年，“伊斯坦布尔”被指定为官方名称。人口2,772,708 〔contemporary〕"The resistance to the Pope's authority . . . is pretty nearly coincident with the rise of the Ottomans" (John Henry Newman). “对教皇权威的反抗与奥斯曼土耳其人的兴起几乎同时发生” （约翰·亨利·纽曼）。〔Oradea〕A city of northwest Romania near the Hungarian border. It was destroyed by the Tartars in 1241 and held by the Turks from 1660 to 1692. Hungary ceded it to Romania in 1919 and again after World War II. Population, 206,206.奥拉达：罗马尼亚西北部与匈牙利边界接壤的一个城市。它在1241年被鞑靼人破坏，1660-1692年间由土耳其人统治。1919年和二战后匈牙利两次将其割给罗马尼亚。人口206,206〔Crimea〕A region and peninsula of southern European U.S.S.R. on the Black Sea and Sea of Azov. In ancient times it was colonized by Greeks and Romans and later overrun by Ostrogoths, Huns, and Mongols. Conquered by the Ottoman Turks in 1475, the area was annexed by Russia in 1783. The peninsula was the scene of the Crimean War (1853-1856), in which a coalition of English, French, and Turkish troops defeated the Russians, although Crimea itself did not change hands.克里米亚：前苏联欧洲部分南部的一个行政区和半岛，位于黑海和亚述海沿岸。在古代它曾被希腊人和罗马人统治，后来又被东哥特人、匈奴人和蒙古人侵占。它在1475年被奥斯曼土耳其人所征服，在1783年这一地区被俄国吞并。该半岛是克里米亚战争(1853-1856年）的战场，在这场战争中英国、法国和土耳其的联合军队击败了俄国军队，但克里米亚本身却没有易手〔Epirus〕An ancient country on the Ionian Sea in present-day northwest Greece and southern Albania. It flourished in the 3rd centuryb.c. and was later a Roman province. An independent state after a.d. 1204, Epirus was conquered by the Turks in the 15th century. 伊庇鲁斯：爱琴海上一古国，位于现今希腊和阿尔巴尼亚南部的西北方，公元前 3世纪达到全盛，后成罗马帝国一省， 公元 1204年成为一自由城邦，15世纪伊庇鲁斯被土耳其人占领 〔Adzharia〕A region of southeast European U.S.S.R. bordering on the Black Sea and Turkey. Colonized by the Greeks in the fourth and fifth centuriesb.c. , it was ruled by the Romans and the Turks before its acquisition by Russia in 1878. 阿杰利亚：苏联欧洲东南部一区域，毗邻黑海和土耳其。公元前 4,5世纪为希腊殖民地，后被罗马人和土耳其人统治，1878年后被俄罗斯占领 〔Hunyadi〕Hungarian general and nationalist leader who fought to protect Hungary from Turkish conquest (1437-1456).匈雅提，亚诺斯：(1387?-1456) 匈牙利将军，民族领袖，曾率军抵抗土耳其人的入侵(1437-1456年）〔Osmanli〕An Ottoman Turk.奥斯曼土耳其人〔Hungary〕A country of central Europe. Hungary became an independent kingdom under Saint Stephen (ruled 997?-1038). It passed to the Turks after 1526 and was later divided between the Ottoman Empire and Austria, subsequently becoming part of the dual monarchy of Austria-Hungary from 1867 until 1918, when it achieved independence again. A Communist regime was established in 1949 and with the aid of the U.S.S.R. suppressed a counterrevolutionary uprising in 1956. A new constitution, guaranteeing free multiparty elections, was adopted in 1989. Budapest is the capital and the largest city. Population, 10,657,000.匈牙利：中欧的一个国家。圣斯蒂芬时期(997?-1038在位）匈牙利成为独立王国。1526年被土耳其人占领，后被奥托帝国和奥地利瓜分，后来1867年至1918年成为奥匈帝国的一部分，直至1918年再次取得独立。1949年在苏联的帮助下建立了共产主义政府，1956年镇压了一起反革命暴动。1989年采用了一部新宪法，确保多党自由选举制。首都布达佩斯亦是全国最大的城市。人口10,657,000〔Palestine〕A historical region of southwest Asia between the eastern Mediterranean shore and the Jordan River roughly coextensive with modern Israel and the West Bank. Occupied since prehistoric times, it has been ruled by Hebrews, Egyptians, Romans, Byzantines, Arabs, and Turks. A British League of Nations mandate oversaw the affairs of the area from 1920 until 1948, when Israel declared itself a separate state and the West Bank territory was awarded to Jordan. Israel occupied the Jordanian area west of the Jordan River in 1967. In November 1988 the Palestine Liberation Organization under Yasir Arafat declared its intention of forming an Arab state of Palestine, probably including the West Bank, the Gaza Strip, and the Arab sector of Jerusalem.巴勒斯坦，“圣地”：历史上西南亚的一个地区，位于地中海东岸和约旦河之间，大致相当于现在的以色列和约旦河西岸。从史前时代开始，它曾被希伯来人、埃及人、罗马人、拜占庭人、阿拉伯人和土耳其人统治。从1920年到1948，大布列颠民族联盟委任监管这一区事务，当时以色列宣称独立并且约旦河西部地区划归约旦。1967年以色列占领了约旦该地区领土。1988年11月，巴勒斯坦解放组织在亚瑟、阿拉法特的领导下宣布了它们建立一个巴勒斯坦的阿拉伯国家的意向，可能包括约旦河西岸、加沙走廊以及耶路撒冷的阿拉伯部分〔Tripolitania〕A historical region of northern Africa bordering on the Mediterranean Sea. Originally a Phoenician colony, it was later held by Carthage, Numidia, and Rome (after 46b.c. ). Tripolitania fell to the Vandals in a.d. 435, to the Arabs in the seventh century, and finally to the Ottoman Turks in 1553. 的黎波里塔尼亚：非洲北部历史上的一个地区，临地中海。起初，它是腓尼基的一个殖民地，后来分别被迦太基、努米底亚和罗马占领（公元前 46年之后）。的黎波里塔尼亚在 公元 435年落入汪达尔人的统治，7世纪被阿拉伯人占领，最后于1553年被奥斯曼土耳其人占领 〔Mostar〕A city of southern Bosnia and Herzegovina. The chief Turkish administrative and commercial center of Herzegovina from the 16th century, it passed to Austria in 1878 and to Yugoslavia after World War II. In 1993 ethnic Croats proclaimed the city the capital of the breakaway Croat republic Herzeg-Bosna, and many structures, including a historic 16th-century bridge, were destroyed as a result of fighting between Muslims, Croats, and Serbs. Population, 90,800莫斯塔尔：波黑南部城市。自16世纪起就是黑塞哥维那重要的土耳其人行政和商业中心，1878年割让给奥地利，第二次世界大战后归属南斯拉夫。1993年克罗埃西亚民族宣布莫斯塔尔是分离后的克罗埃西亚人共和国黑塞哥-波斯纳的首都，在穆斯林、克罗埃西亚人和塞尔维亚人的冲突中许多莫斯塔尔的建筑物被毁，包括历史上重要的16世纪大桥。人口90,800〔Ionia〕An ancient region of western Asia Minor along the coast of the Aegean Sea. Greek settlers established colonies here before 1000b.c. The seaports of Ionia flourished from c. 8th century b.c. until the Turkish conquest of the 15th century a.d. 爱奥尼亚：古代小亚细亚西部沿爱琴海海岸的一个地区。希腊人在公元前 1000年以前在这儿建立了殖民地。爱奥尼亚的海港从 公元前 8世纪开始繁荣起来，直到 公元 15世纪土耳其人的征服 〔Turkmen〕from Turk [Turk] * see Turki 源自 Turk [土耳其人] * 参见 Turki〔Venice〕A city of northeast Italy on islets within a lagoon in theGulf of Venice, a wide inlet of the northern Adriatic Sea. Founded in the 5th century a.d. by refugees fleeing the Lombard invaders who had gained control of the mainland, it became a major maritime power by the 13th century and spread its influence over northern Italy by the 15th century. Its territories were gradually lost to the Turks, and in 1797 it passed to Austria. Venice was ceded to Italy in 1866. Population, 332,775. 威尼斯：意大利东北部的一个城市，位于亚得里亚海北部的一个宽阔的海湾威尼斯湾 里的一个泻湖内的众多小岛上。它在 公元 5世纪由逃离伦巴族侵略者的难民创建，这些侵略者已获得对大陆的控制权，到13世纪它已成为一个主要的海上强国并于15世纪把其影响扩及意大利的北部。它的领土后来逐渐为土耳其人所攻陷，并于1797年转让给了奥地利。威尼斯在1866年并入了意大利。人口332,775 〔Giurgiu〕A city of southern Romania on the Danube River south of Bucharest. Founded in the tenth century by Genoese merchants on the site of a Roman settlement, it was ruled by the Turks after 1417. Population, 62,710.贝尔贝城：罗马尼亚南部的一个城市，在布加勒斯特南部多瑙河畔，10世纪时由热那亚商人在罗马人的殖民地遗址上建立起来。1417年后被土耳其人统治。人口62,710〔Ottoman〕Turkish.土耳其的；土耳其人的〔Othman〕An Ottoman Turk; a Turk.奥斯曼土耳其人；土耳其人〔coffee〕Would one be as ready to drinkchaoua, kauhi, or coffa as coffee ? Most of these exotic early forms of our word reflect the factthat coffee, though a normal accompaniment to the life of many English speakers, was originally an exotic substance.Coffee came to Europe from the Middle East, where its name wasqahveh, an Ottoman Turkish pronunciation of Arabicqahwah, the Turks having borrowed the word and the drink from the Arabs.The first three forms cited above show the influence of the Middle Eastern words for coffee.Our formcoffee results from combining caffè, the Italian version of the Middle Eastern word, and the vowel of the Middle Eastern word, represented by o. Coffee is first recorded in English in 1601 with the spelling coffe. 人们愿意喝chaoua, kauhi 或 coffa ，就如 coffee 一样吗？ 我们言语的这些早期外来形式大多反映这一事实：咖啡虽然常伴随着许多说英语的人的生活，但它是来源于国外的东西。咖啡从中东传到欧洲，在中东它的名称是qahveh ， 阿拉伯的奥斯曼土耳其人发音为qahwah 。 土耳其人自阿拉伯借用该单词和饮料。上面引用的前三个形式表明中东话对咖啡这个单词的影响。我们的形式coffee ，得自结合中东单词的意大利的 caffe 和中东单词中用 o字母表示的元音字母。 Coffee在英国于1601年首次被记载，拼作 coffe. 〔turquoise〕from Turc [Turk] * see Turk 源自 Turc [土耳其人] * 参见 Turk〔Crete〕An island of southeast Greece in the eastern Mediterranean Sea. Its Minoan civilization was one of the earliest in the world and reached the height of its wealth and power c. 1600b.c. Crete subsequently fell to the Greeks, Romans, Byzantines, Arabs, Venetians, and Ottoman Turks. The islanders proclaimed their union with modern Greece in 1908. 克里特岛：希腊东南沿海的一个岛屿，位于地中海东部。它的迈诺斯文明是世界是最早的文明之一，并在公元前 17世纪纪达到其财富和权势的顶峰。克里特岛先后被希腊人、罗马人、拜占廷人、阿拉伯人、威尼斯人和奥托曼土耳其人攻陷。岛上居民在1908年宣布与现代的希腊结成联盟 〔Lemnos〕An island of northeast Greece in the Aegean Sea off the coast of Turkey northwest of Lesbos. Occupied in ancient times by Greeks, the island was later held by Persians, Romans, Byzantines, and Ottoman Turks. It became part of modern Greece in 1913.利姆诺斯：希腊东北部一岛屿，位于爱琴海中，远离土耳其海岸，莱斯博斯岛的西北方向。古时曾被希腊人占领，该岛后来相继为波斯人、罗马人、拜占庭人和奥斯曼土耳其人占据。直到1913年才成为现代希腊的一部分〔Edirne〕A city of northwest Turkey northwest of Istanbul. It was founded c.a.d. 125 by the Roman emperor Hadrian on the site of an earlier Thracian town and was conquered at various times by Visigoths, Bulgarians, Crusaders, Turks, and Russians. Held by Greece after 1920, it was restored to Turkey in 1923. Population, 71,914. 埃迪思，阿德里安堡：土耳其西北部一城市，位于伊斯坦布尔的西北部。它建于公元 125年，创建者为罗马皇帝哈德里安，该城创建之前原是一座色雷斯的小城，在不同时期曾被西哥特人、保加利亚人、十字军、土耳其人和俄国人占领。1920年之后由希腊管理，1923年又归还给土耳其。人口71,914 〔Jaffa〕A former city of west-central Israel on the Mediterranean Sea. An ancient Phoenician city, it was taken by the Israelites in the 6th centurya.d. and later fell to the Arabs (636), Crusaders (12th century), and Ottoman Turks (16th century). Jaffa was inhabited mainly by Arabs until the state of Israel was proclaimed in 1948. Since 1950 the city has been part of Tel Aviv-Jaffa. 雅法：以色列中西部的古城，位于地中海沿岸。是一座腓尼基古城，公元 6世纪被以色列人占领，后来先后受阿拉伯人(636年）、十字军(12世纪）和奥斯曼土耳其人(16世纪）统治中。雅法主要居住的曾是阿拉伯人，直到1948年以色列宣告成立。自从1950年起，该城成为特拉维夫-雅法的一部分 〔Gyumri〕A city of northwest Armenia south-southeast of Tbilisi, Georgia. It was founded on the site of a Turkish fortress. From 1924 to 1990 the city was called Leninakan. Population, 125,300吉优里：亚美尼亚西北部城市，位于格鲁吉亚第比利斯东南偏南。在土耳其人的要塞上建立。1924年至1990年间名为列宁纳坎。人口125,300〔Turk〕A native or inhabitant of Turkey.土耳其人：土耳其的原住民或居民〔Dzhambul〕A city of southern Central Asian U.S.S.R. northeast of Tashkent. Founded in the seventh century, it was ruled by Turks in the eighth and ninth centuries and passed to Russia in 1864. Population, 303,000.泽汉布尔：原苏联亚洲部分中南部一城市，位于塔什干的东北部。17世纪建立，8世纪和9世纪时被土耳其人统治，1864年被转交给俄罗斯。人口303,000〔Kars〕A city of northeast Turkey near the U.S.S.R. border. Capital of an Armenian principality in the 9th and 10th centuries, it was destroyed by Tamerlane c. 1386, rebuilt by Ottoman Turks in the 16th century, and ceded to Russia in 1878. It was returned to Turkey in 1921. Population, 58,799.卡尔斯：土耳其东北部一城市，与苏联接壤，该市在9世纪和10世纪时为美尼亚公国的首都。元1386年被泰摩兰摧毁，16世纪奥斯曼土耳其人重建此城，1878年割让给俄国。1921年该市归还土耳其。人口58,799〔Nicosia〕The capital and largest city of Cyprus, in the north-central part of the island. Founded probably before the seventh centuryb.c. , it fell to the Venetians in 1489 and the Turks in 1571. It became the capital when Cyprus gained independence in 1960. Population, 48,221. 尼科西亚：塞浦路斯首都及最大城市，位于该岛的中北部。大约建立于公元前 7世纪前，1489年被威尼斯人所控，1571年又落入土耳其人手中。1960年当塞浦路斯获得独立时被确立为首都。人口48,221 〔Albania〕A country of southeast Europe on the Adriatic Sea. Long a warring ground for rulers and peoples ranging from the Romans and Turks to the Serbs and Bulgarians, Albania became a republic in 1925. Tiranë is the capital and the largest city. Population, 2,841,300.阿尔巴尼亚：欧洲东南部的一个国家，位于亚得里亚海。曾长期是各国统治者和民族（从罗马人、土耳其人到塞族人和保加利亚人）争战的场地，阿尔巴尼亚于1925年成为一个共和国。地拉那是首都及最大城市。人口2,841,300〔Farnese〕Italian general and diplomat in service to Philip II of Spain. He engaged the Turks in the Battle of Lepanto (1571), in which the Ottoman fleet was destroyed.法尔内塞，亚历山德罗：(1545-1592) 为西班牙腓力二世效劳的意大利将军及外交官。他在勒班陀战役(1571)中与土耳其人交战，此次战役中奥斯曼舰队全均覆没〔Eger〕A city of northeast Hungary on theEger River, about 311 km (193 mi) long. The city was occupied by the Turks from 1596 to 1687. Population, 64,702. 埃格尔：匈牙利东北部的一座城市，位于流程约311公里（193英里）的埃格尔河 沿岸。从1596年到1687年为土耳其人所占据。人口64,702 〔khan〕A medieval ruler of a Mongol, Tartar, or Turkish tribe.可汗：蒙古族、鞑靼人或土耳其人在中世纪时的统治者〔Turkism〕The culture, religion, or social system of the Turks.土耳其风尚：土耳其人的文化，宗教或社会制度〔Craiova〕A city of southwest Romania west of Bucharest. Built on the site of a Roman settlement, it was destroyed by an earthquake in 1790 and burned by the Turks in 1802. Population, 260,422.克拉约瓦：罗马尼亚西南部的一个城市，位于布加勒斯特以西。建于古罗马人的一个聚居点上，它在1790年遭到地震的破坏，1802年被土耳其人烧毁。人口260,422〔Skanderbeg〕Albanian military leader who repelled numerous Turkish invasions, maintaining Albanian independence until his death.斯坎德培：阿尔巴尼亚军事统领，曾多次击败土耳其人的侵略，使阿尔巴尼亚在他生前保持独立〔Kosovo〕A province of southern Yugoslavia in the Serbian republic. Settled by Slavs in the seventh century, the area was under Turkish rule from 1389 to 1913 and became part of Yugoslavia after World War I. An autonomous region within Serbia after World War II, Kosovo was stripped of its autonomy in 1990 by Serbia, which led to armed conflict with Kosovo's ethnic Albanian majority.科索沃：南斯拉夫南部省份，位于塞尔维亚共和国。斯拉夫人7世纪起在此居住，1389年至1913年该地区被土耳其人统治，第一次世界大战后成为南斯拉夫的一部分。第二次世界大战后科索沃是塞尔维亚的自治区，1990年塞尔维亚剥夺了科索沃的自治权，并由此引发了与以阿尔巴尼亚民族为主的科索沃地区的武装冲突〔Tunis〕A former Barbary state on the northern coast of Africa south and west of the ancient city of Carthage. It was conquered by the Turks in 1575 and later became a French protectorate (1881).突尼斯：曾是巴巴里诸国之一，位于非洲北部海岸，古城迦太基的西方与南方，1575年被土耳其人征服，后来成为法国的保护国(1881年）〔Osijek〕A city of northern Yugoslavia on the Drava River east-southeast of Zagreb. The city grew on the site of a Roman colony and fortress and was under Turkish rule from 1526 to 1687. Population, 103,600.奥西耶克：南斯拉夫北部城市，位于札格勒布东南偏东，濒德拉瓦河。由一处古罗马殖民地兼要塞发展而来，1526至1687年间处于土耳其人统治下。人口103,600〔Ottoman〕A Turk, especially a member of the family or tribe of Osman I.土耳其人：土耳其人，尤指奥斯曼一世的家族或部落里的土耳其人 |
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英汉汉英双解词典收录301015条英汉双解翻译词条，可根据汉字查询相应的英文词汇，基本涵盖了全部常用汉字的英文读音、翻译及用法，是英语学习及翻译工作的有利工具。