| 单词 | 土著居民 |
| 释义 | 〔Abo〕"A group of Australian words such as abo (aborigine) or tyke (Catholic) display a degree of intolerance"(Leonard Santorelli)“一些澳大利亚词，如澳大利亚土著居民或天主教体现了某种不相容的程度”(伦纳德·圣雷利)〔woomera〕A hooked wooden stick used by aboriginal peoples of Australia for hurling a spear or dart.标枪投掷器：一种被澳大利亚土著居民用来投标或投掷的有钩木棍〔Hebrides〕An island group of western and northwest Scotland in the Atlantic Ocean, divided into theInner Hebrides, closer to the Scottish mainland, and the Outer Hebrides, to the northwest. The original Celtic inhabitants were conquered by Scandinavians, particularly Norwegians, who ruled the islands until 1266. Native Scottish chieftains controlled the Hebrides until the 16th century, when the islands passed to the kingdom of Scotland. 赫布里底群岛：苏格兰西部和西部太西洋中的一个岛群，分为靠近苏格兰大陆的内赫布里底群岛 和西北部的 外赫布里底群岛 。土著居民凯尔特人被斯堪的纳维亚人征服，尤其是挪威人，他们对该岛的统治一直延续到1266年。当地苏格兰族长对该岛的控制一直持续到16世纪，然后该岛并入了苏格兰的领土版图 〔tribeswoman〕A woman who is a member of an aboriginal people living in tribes.生活在部落中的土著居民中的女性成员〔Sauk〕A Native American people formerly inhabiting parts of Wisconsin, Illinois, and Iowa, with a present-day population mainly in Oklahoma. Sauk resistance to removal from their Illinois lands ended in 1832 with the Black Hawk War.索克族：北美土著居民，先前居住在威斯康星、伊利诺和衣阿华州的部分地区，现在主要集中在俄克拉荷马州。1832年黑鹰战争之后，索克族拒绝迁出他们伊利诺斯州土地的行动被迫中止〔opossum〕The wordopossum takes us back to the earliest days of the United States. The settlement of Jamestown, Virginia, was founded in 1607 by the London Company, chartered for the planting of colonies.Even though the first years were difficult,promotional literature was glowing.In one such piece,A True Declaration of the Estate of the Colonie in Virginia, published in 1610, we find this passage: "There are . . . Apossouns, in shape like to pigges.”This is the first recorded use ofopossum, although in a spelling that differs from the one later settled on to reproduce the sound of the Virginia Algonquian word from which our word came.The wordopossum and its shortened form possum, first recorded in 1613 in more promotional literature, remind us of a time when the New World was still very new, settlers were few,and the inhabitants for whom the New World was not new were plentiful.词语opossum 把我们带回到了早期的美国社会。 伦敦公司，作为开拓殖民地的委托者，在1607年建立了弗吉尼亚詹姆斯敦的居民点。即使在最初的年代里很困难，激进文学也开始抬头。在其中有一篇于1610年出版的弗吉尼亚殖民地的真实宣言 ， 其中有一段“一种形似猪的动物”，就是最早的关于opossum 的记录， 虽然它的拼写和现在我们所使用的弗吉尼亚阿尔贡金语的拼写有所不同。词语opossum 和其缩写形式 possum 最初于1613年记录在更加激进的文学作品中， 让我们回想起当新大陆还很陌生而且只有很少的居住者时，已有许多对于新大陆并不陌生的土著居民〔powwow〕Because trances were so important to the Native American shaman as a means of getting in touch with spiritual forces beyond the ken of the normal person,the titlepowwaw, literally meaning "one who has visions,” was accorded him. One of the occurrences of this word in an early piece of propaganda designed to bring more settlers to New Englandrepresents fairly well the Puritan attitudes to the religion of the native inhabitants of the New World:"The office and dutie of the Powah is to be exercised principally in calling upon the Devil;and curing diseases of the sicke or wounded.”The word whose spelling was eventually settled in English aspowwow was also used as the name for ceremonies and councils, probably because of the important role played by the shaman in both.After the native peoples had been dealt withand the fear of devil worship was somewhat diminished,the newcomers decided that they could have powwows too,the first reference to one of these being recorded in the Salem, Massachusetts,Gazette of 1812: "The Warriors of the Democratic Tribe will hold a powwow at Agawam on Tuesday next.”The verbpowwow, "to confer,” was recorded even earlier, in 1780. 因为作为一种超出常人理解范围的与神灵联系的方式，催眠对于北美印第安人巫师来说是如此重要，故巫师被冠以字面意思为“有洞察力的人”的powwaw 这一名称。 这个词在早期为鼓励更多人去新英格兰定居而作的宣传中的出现，它很好地证明了清教徒们对于美洲大陆土著居民宗教的态度：“帕瓦仪式的职责与义务主要就是用来召唤魔鬼；治愈病人或伤者。”这个在英语中最后以powwow 的拼写形式固定下来的词也用作仪式及会议的名称， 这也许是因为巫师在两者中都起着重要作用。在与土著居民进行接触以后，随着对其魔鬼崇拜的恐惧逐渐消逝，那些新来者决定他们也可以举行帕瓦仪式，1812年马萨诸塞州塞勒姆的时事报 第一次提及了这种会议： “下星期二民主党派的斗士们将在阿加瓦姆召开会议”。动词意为“商讨”的powwow 则早在1780年就有记载了 〔Polynesian〕A native or inhabitant of Polynesia.波利尼西亚人：波利尼西亚土著居民或居民〔Comanche〕A Native American people formerly ranging over the southern Great Plains from western Kansas to northern Texas and now located in Oklahoma. The Comanche became nomadic buffalo hunters after migrating south from Wyoming in the 18th century.科曼奇人：美国土著居民，先前居住在大平原南部从堪萨斯西到得克萨斯北部地区，现在居住在俄克拉荷马州。科曼奇人在18世纪从怀俄明州南移时，成为游牧的野牛捕猎者〔Andamanese〕Also An.da.man [ănʹdə-mən] A member of an indigenous people of the Andaman Islands. 也作 An.da.man [ănʹdə-mən] 安达曼群岛人：安达曼群岛的大量土著居民〔Wappinger〕A Native American people formerly inhabiting the east bank of the Hudson River from Poughkeepsie to Manhattan and closely related to the Munsee-speaking peoples. The Wappinger dispersed to other Native American groups after warfare with the Dutch in the mid-17th century.瓦平格尔族：美国土著族之一，早先居住于从波基普西到曼哈顿的哈得孙河东岸，与说蒙西语的民族有密切联系。瓦平格尔人在17世纪中期与荷兰人交战之后分散到美国其它土著居民群落中〔Patagonia〕A tableland region of South America in southern Argentina and Chile extending from the Río Colorado to the Straits of Magellan and from the Andes to the Atlantic Ocean. The study of its original inhabitants, the Tehuelche ("the Patagonian giants"), and its unusual wildlife have attracted many scientific expeditions, including that of Charles Darwin (1831-1836).巴塔哥尼亚高原：南美洲阿根廷南部和智利间的一高原，从里奥科罗拉多一直延伸到麦哲伦海峡，从安第斯山脉一直延伸到大西洋。因对当地土著居民特维尔彻人（巴塔哥尼亚高原巨人）和奇异的野生动物的研究，吸引了不少科学探险队，其中包括查尔斯·达尔文(1831-1836年）〔Haitian〕A native or inhabitant of Haiti.海地人：海地土著居民或本地居民〔Eskimo〕A group of peoples inhabiting the Arctic coastal regions of North America and parts of Greenland and northeast Siberia. The Eskimo are generally considered a Native American people in Alaska and Canada.爱斯基摩人：居住在北美地区的北冰洋海岸与格陵兰岛部分地区以及西伯利亚的东北地区的土著居民，通常用来指居住在阿拉斯加和加拿大的北美土著民族〔autochthonous〕autochthonous rocks; an autochthonous people; autochthonous folktales.See Synonyms at native 原地岩石；一个土著居民；当地的民间传说 参见 native〔Australoid〕Of, relating to, or being a human racial classification traditionally distinguished by physical characteristics such as dark skin and dark curly hair, and including the aboriginal peoples of Australia along with various peoples of southeast Asia, especially Melanesia and the Malay Archipelago. No longer in scientific use.澳大利亚土著居民的：属于、关于或有着传统上以身体特征进行区别的人类种族分类的，如黑皮肤、深色卷发，包括澳洲土著居民、东南亚各民族，尤指美拉尼西亚和马来群岛的。现已不用于科学上〔tule〕Low, swampy land istules or tule land in the parlance of northern California. When the Spanish colonized Mexico and Central America,they borrowed from the native inhabitants the Nahuatl wordtollin, "bulrush.” The English-speaking settlers of the West in turn borrowed the Spanish wordtule to refer to certain varieties of bulrushes native to California.Eventually the meaning of the word was extended to the marshy land where the bulrushes grew.北加利福尼亚的说法中，潮湿洼地叫做tules 或 tule land 。 当西班牙人殖民于墨西哥和中美洲时，他们从土著居民那里借来了那瓦特语tollin （“灯心草”）。 接着西方讲英语的定居者又借用了西班牙语tule ， 用来表示原产于加利福尼亚的各种灯芯草。最后该词的意义又扩展到这种灯芯草所生长的沼泽地〔sweathouse〕Any of various permanent or portable structures typically heated by fire or by pouring water over hot stones and used by certain Native American peoples to induce sweating, as for medicinal, spiritual, or social purposes. Also called sweat lodge 蒸汽浴室：通常用火或泼水于滚烫的石头上来加热的一种永久性和可移动的建筑，北美某些土著居民使用以发汗，以达到医学、精神或社会目的 也作 sweat lodge〔White〕English painter and cartographer who traveled to Roanoke Island as a member of Sir Walter Raleigh's colonizing expedition (1585-1586) and executed paintings of native inhabitants and local flora and fauna.怀特，约翰：(卒于 1593?) 英国画家及地图绘制员，他曾作为沃尔特·罗利爵士的殖民远征队一员(1585年－1586年）到过罗厄诺克诸岛，并绘制成当地土著居民及当地植物群和动物群的图画〔tribespeople〕the tribespeople of the Kalahari Desert.卡拉哈里沙漠中的土著居民〔tribesman〕A member of an aboriginal people living in tribes.生活在部落中的土著居民的一个成员〔Aussie〕A native or inhabitant of Australia.澳大利亚人：澳大利亚土著居民〔tepee〕A portable dwelling of certain Native American peoples, especially on the Great Plains, consisting of a conical framework of poles covered with skins or bark.（北美印第安人的）圆锥形帐篷：一些美洲土著居民，尤其是住在大平原上的土著居民的一住易于携带的帐篷，用柱子构成圆锥形框架，上面盖以动物皮或树皮 |
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