| 单词 | 在政治上 |
| 释义 | 〔centrist〕One who takes a position in the political center; a moderate.中立派：在政治上持中间立场的人；温和派〔mugwump〕A person who acts independently or remains neutral, especially in politics.中立人物：尤指在政治上独立的或中立的人〔republic〕An autonomous or partially autonomous political and territorial unit belonging to a sovereign federation.加盟共和国：一个属于某一最高联邦政府的且在政治上和领土上具有自治权或部分自治权的单位〔extremist〕One who advocates or resorts to measures beyond the norm, especially in politics.极端分子：过分地提倡或凭借某措施的人，尤指在政治上〔toehold〕Family connections gave her a toehold in politics.家庭关系使她在政治上获得了初步的立脚点〔dynamite〕These allegations are political dynamite.这些主张在政治上是极其危险的〔roorback〕A false or slanderous story used for political advantage.诽谤性谣言：为在政治上占优势而中伤政敌的谎言或毁谤话〔impact〕Each generation of critics seems to select one particular usage to stand as the emblem of what they view as linguistic crassness.Thirty years ago it was the use ofcontact as a verb, but opposition to that form has more or less disappeared,and attention now focuses on the verbal use ofimpact meaning "have an effect, affect.” Eighty-four percent of the Usage Panel disapproves of the constructionto impact on, as in the phrasesocial pathologies, common to the inner city, that impact heavily on such a community; and fully 95 percent disapproves of the use ofimpact as a transitive verb in the sentence Companies have used disposable techniques that have a potential for impacting our health. But even these figures do not reflect the degree of distaste with which critics view the usage:in their comments some Panelists labeled the usage as "bureaucratic,” "pretentious,” "vile,” and "a vulgarism.” ·It may be that the particular pretentiousness associated with the verbal use ofimpact is caused by its derivation from an already questionable metaphoric use of the noun impact, as in phrases such asthe political impact of the decision or the impact of the program on the community, in which no more is usually meant than might have been expressed by effects or consequences. But thoughimpact may have begun life a generation ago as an inflated substitute for "affect significantly,” it has by now become so common in corporate and institutional contexts that younger speakers appear to regard it as wholly standard and straightforward usage.Within a few years, accordingly,the usage is likely to be no more objectionable thancontact is now, since it will no longer betray any particular pretentiousness on the part of those who use it.See Usage Note at contact 每一代的批评家好象都挑了一个特别的用法作为他们认为的语言上的愚蠢行为的象征。三十年以前是contact 作为动词的用法， 但是对这种形式的反对或多或少已经消失了，注意力现在集中到了impact 意思为“有不好的影响、影响”的动词用法上。 用法专题小组成员中百分之八十四不同意to impact on 的结构， 如在短语对内城区来说很普通的社会病理学，对这样一个社区产生了很大影响的 当中； 百分之九十五的成员完全不同意impact 在句子 公司已经使用了可能会对我们的健康产生不良影响的易处理技术 中当作及物动词来使用。 但是即使是这些数字也没有反映出批评家们对这种用法厌恶的程度：在他们的评论当中有些成员把这种用法说成是“官僚主义的”、“装腔作势的”，“可耻的”，还说这是“粗鄙的语言。”也许和impact 的动词用法有关联的虚饰成份是由于它是从名词 impact 的一个早有争议的比喻用法衍变而来造成的。 如在短语这个决定在政治上的影响 或者 这个计划对公众的影响 中它的意思并没有比用 effects 或者 consequences 表达出来的意思要多。 尽管impact 作为“明显地影响”的夸大了的替代可能在一代人之前开始产生， 但是现在的年轻一代使用者看上去把它当成了完全标准的、直接的用法，这在共同的和惯例的文章中已经很普遍了。相应地在几年内，这种用法很有可能不比今天的contact 更引起反对， 因为对于那些使用它的人来说这不会再显得有点矫揉造作了 参见 contact〔Kyoto〕A city of west-central Honshu, Japan, north-northeast of Osaka. Founded in the eighth century, it has long been a cultural, artistic, and religious center. Kyoto was Japan's capital from 794 until 1869, although its political importance declined after the rise of the shoguns (1192). Population, 1,479,125.京都：日本本州中西部一城市，位于大阪东北偏北。建立于8世纪，长期以来一直是日本的文化、艺术和宗教中心。尽管幕府将军崛起以后（1192年），京都在政治上的地位有所削弱，但从794年到1869年京都一直是日本的首都。人口1,479,125〔noise〕"Whatever the fate of Eureka, it should have some positive effects, even if modest in comparison to its political noise, for the technological cooperation of European firms"(Foreign Affairs)“无论欧雷卡的命运如何，都将带来正面的影响，纵然这比与它在政治上引起的骚动小得多，因为它导致欧洲各公司间的技术合作”(外交事务)〔unthinkable〕Raising taxes was politically unthinkable.增加税收在政治上来讲是不能考虑的 |
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