| 单词 | 在此之前 |
| 释义 | 〔outlaw〕The wordoutlaw brings to mind cattle rustlers and gunslingers of the Wild West, but it comes to us from a much earlier time,when guns were not yet inventedbut cattle stealing was.Outlaw can be traced back to the Old Norse word ūtlagr, "outlawed, banished,” made up ofūt, "out,” and lög, "law.” Anūtlagi (derived from ūtlagr ) was someone outside the protection of the law. The Scandinavians, who invaded and settled in England during the 8th through the 11th century, gave us the Old English wordūtlaga, which designated someone who because of criminal acts must give up his property to the crown and could be killed without recrimination.The legal status of the outlaw became less severe over the course of the Middle Ages.However, the looser use of the word to designate criminals in general, which arose in Middle English, lives on in tales of the Wild West.单词outlaw 使人联想到美国西部的偷牛贼和持枪歹徒， 然而在此之前很早这词就已存在了，那时枪还没有发明出来，但已有偷牛贼了。Outlaw 可溯源到古斯堪的纳维亚语 utlagr， 意为“非法的，被放逐的”， 由ut 意为“在…外”和 log 意为“法律”组成。 Utlagi （从 utlagr 衍生而来）形容不受法律保护的人。 在8世纪到11世纪间侵略并定居于英格兰的斯堪的纳维亚人创造了古英语词utlaga， 指由于犯罪行为而必须把财产献给皇家并且即使被杀死也不能反诉。在中世纪时期被放逐者的法律地位不如以前那么严格了。然而中世纪英语中兴起的命名罪犯总称的这种宽松用法在美国西部的传说中仍然存在〔before〕Earlier in time:在此之前：早些时候：〔Copley〕American Loyalist painter who did portraits of John Hancock and Paul Revere before departing for England when the American Revolution seemed imminent.科普利，约翰·辛格尔顿：(1738-1815) 美国画家，亲英而反对美国独立，在美国独立革命逼近时离开美国前往英国，在此之前曾为约翰·汉考克及保罗·里维尔画过肖像〔time〕When or before due.及时：在到期时或在此之前〔Naxos〕An island of southeast Greece in the Aegean Sea. The largest of the Cyclades, it was famous in ancient times as a center of Dionysian worship. The island belonged to Venice and then Turkey before it became part of independent Greece in 1829.纳克索斯岛：爱琴海希腊东南部的一个岛屿。基克拉迪群岛中最大的一个，在古代作为崇拜酒神的中心而闻名。这座岛在1829年成为独立的希腊一部分，在此之前先后属于威尼斯和土耳其〔sneak〕"The Reagan administration snuck in some illegal military assistance before that" (New Republic).“在此之前，里根政府就曾经偷偷提供过一些非法军事援助” （《新共和国报》）。〔Coventry〕A town of west-central Rhode Island southwest of Providence. It was settled in 1643 and was formerly a noted lacemaking center. Population, 31,083.考文垂镇：罗得岛州中西部一镇，在普罗维登斯西南部。1643年有移民到这里，在此之前是著名饰带制造中心。人口31,083〔craps〕A gambling game played with two dice in which a first throw of 7 or 11 wins, a first throw of 2, 3, or 12 loses the bet, and a first throw of any other number (a point) must be repeated to win before a 7 is thrown, which loses both the bet and the dice.掷双骰子赌博：一种掷两个骰子的赌博游戏，其中第一掷掷出7或11即获胜，第一掷掷出2,3或12即输，若第一掷掷出其它任何一个数目（点数），则必须重复点数才能获胜，如若在此之前掷出7点，那么赌注和骰子就都输掉了 |
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英汉汉英双解词典收录301015条英汉双解翻译词条，可根据汉字查询相应的英文词汇，基本涵盖了全部常用汉字的英文读音、翻译及用法，是英语学习及翻译工作的有利工具。