| 单词 | 在过去 |
| 释义 | 〔experience〕The totality of such events in the past of an individual or a group.阅历：个人或团体在过去所经历的这样事件的总和〔erstwhile〕In the past; at a former time; formerly.从前，往昔：在过去；在从前；从前〔historic〕Historicalrefers to whatever existed in the past, whether regarded as important or not: Historical是指不管重要与否而在过去存在的所有事物： 〔premiere〕In entertainment contextsthe verbpremiere has by now become the standard way of saying "to introduce to the public,” at least partly because of its ubiquitous use on television.Over the past 20 yearsthis use has won the sometimes grudging acceptance of the Usage Panel.The exampleThe Philharmonic will premiere works by two young Americans was acceptable to 51 percent of the Panelists in the most recent survey, up from 14 percent in 1969.But only 10 percent of the Panelists in the most recent survey accepted extension of the verb to nonentertainment contexts,as in Last fall the school premiered new degree programs in word processing and accounting. 在娱乐场合下，动词premiere 现在已经成为表示“介绍给公众”的标准说法， 这至少在某种程度上是由于它在电视上广泛地使用。在过去的二十年里，这一用法已经赢得了用法专题使用小组的有时勉强的接受。例句交响乐曲将让两个美国年轻人首次出演其作品 在最近的一次调查中已经被51%小组成员接受了， 比1969年的14%有所提高。但在这次调查中只有10%的成员接受将此用法扩展至非娱乐性场合，如去年秋天学校首次推出字处理和会计两门新的学位课程 〔past〕past events; in years past.过去的事情；在过去的几年中〔nonce〕ones, anes [once] * see once ones, anes [在过去的某一时刻] * 参见 once〔former〕Having been in the past:前任的：在过去当过的：〔hall〕Thehalls of academe and city hall remind us that what we commonly mean by the wordhall, "a passageway, an entrance room,” represents a shrunken version of whathall once commonly designated. Going back to the Indo-European rootkel- 1, "to cover,” the Old English wordheall, ancestor of our hall, referred to "a large place covered by a roof, whether a royal residence, an official building, or a large private residence, or a large room in a residencewhere the public life of the household is carried on.”These senses and related ones are still in use,as is attested bytown hall and halls of academe. Our common use of the termhall for a vestibule or a corridor harks back to medieval times when the hall was the main public room of a residenceand people lived much less privately than now.As private rooms in houses took on the importance they have today,the hall lost its function.Hall also had come to mean any large room, and the vestibule was at one time one of the main sitting rooms in a house,but this sort of room has largely disappeared also,andhall has become the designation for the small vestibule of today as well as for an entrance passage or any passageway.halls of academe 以及 city hall 提醒我们注意： 我们通常把hall 这个词定义为“走廊，门厅”， 反映出hall 这词当初设定时的通常含义的种种痕迹。 追溯到该词的印欧语词根kel- 1， 意思是“去覆盖”， 我们hall 这个词的来源是古英语中 heall 这个词， 它指的是“一个有屋顶覆盖的大地方或者属于皇室住宅、政府建筑或是一座大的私人府第或者是一所住宅中的大房子，主人在其中进行社交活动”。这些概念或与之相关的意思直到今天还有，比如说town hall 和 halls of academe 。 我们现在一般所用的，把hall 当作门厅或走廊的用法可以追溯到中世纪， 那时大厅是居住者的最主要的起居室，人们生活还没有今天这么隐私化，于今日个人房间在生活中占主要地位，大厅失去了它当年的功用。Hall 还曾意味着大房间， 而门厅在过去一段时间内曾是房屋中主要的一处起居室，但这样的房子大部分也都消失了，而hall 的意思已经变成指那些当今小的走廊， 或者是进出口处的走廊，或者是随便哪个走廊〔time〕At a period or moment in the past.曾经：在过去的某一时刻或某段时期〔explode〕The population level in this area has exploded during the past 12 years.在过去的十二年中这一地区的人口一直剧增〔fetishize〕"The American public schools . . . have in the space of a few years gone from neglecting computers to fetishizing them"(James Traub)“美国公立学校…在过去的几年里从忽视计算机到将其当作神物似地崇拜”(詹姆斯·特劳布)〔present〕A moment or period in time perceptible as intermediate between past and future; now.现在，目前：在过去和将来之间可感受到的作为过渡的时间点或段；现在〔underperform〕Defense industry companies have underperformed during the last two quarters.在过去两季中，国防工业公司工作低劣〔advise〕The use ofadvise in the sense of "inform, notify,” was found acceptable by a majority of the Usage Panel in an earlier survey, but many members would prefer that this usage be restricted to business correspondence and legal contexts.Thus one may sayThe suspects were advised of their rights, but it would be considered pretentious to sayYou'd better advise your friends that the date of the picnic has been changed. 在过去的调查中，用法小组的大多数成员认为advise 表示“通知，告知”的这种用法是可行的， 但是许多成员坚持这种用法应局限地用于商业往来及法律情况。因此可以说嫌疑犯被告知他们所具有的权利， 但是你最好通知你的朋友，野餐的日期有所改变 这种说法被认为是做作的 〔profane〕"Researchers have speculated that in years past people with [certain neurological disorders] were burned at the stake as witches for their unbridled use of blasphemous language" (Jay Siwek).“研究人员推测在过去的日子里， 人们被缚在火刑柱上当作女巫烧死，因为他们毫无节制地使用渎神的语言” （杰伊·西韦克）。 |
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