| 单词 | 在这里 |
| 释义 | 〔fit〕"We have come to dedicate a portion of that field, as a final resting place for those who here gave their lives . . . It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this" (Abraham Lincoln).“我们已开始贡献出那片土地的一部分，作为那些在这里献出了生命的人们的一片安息之地…这完全正当而合适，我们应该这么做” （亚伯拉罕·林肯）。〔alveolus〕A tiny, thin-walled, capillary-rich sac in the lungs where the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place. Also called In this sense, also called air sac 肺泡：肺中薄壁的、富有毛细血管的小液囊，在这里氧气和二氧化碳进行交换 也作 在此意义上也可称作 air sac〔that〕The standard rule isthatthat should be used only to introduce a restrictive (or "defining") relative clause, which serves to identify the entity being talked about;in this useit should never be preceded by a comma.Thus, we sayThe house that Jack built has been torn down, where the clausethat Jack built tells which house was torn down, orI am looking for a book that is easy to read, wherethat is easy to read tells what kind of book is desired. Onlywhich is to be used with nonrestrictive (or "nondefining") clauses, which give additional information about an entity that has already been identified in the context;in this use,which is always preceded by a comma. Thus, we sayThe students in Chemistry 10 have been complaining about the textbook, which (not that ) is hard to follow. The clausewhich is hard to follow does not indicate which text is being complained about; even if it were omitted,we would know that the phrasethe textbook refers to the text in Chemistry 10. The use ofthat in nonrestrictive clauses like this, though once common in writing and still frequent in speech,is best avoided in formal style. ·Some grammarians have argued that symmetry requires thatwhich should be used only in nonrestrictive clauses, asthat is to be used only in restrictive clauses. Thus, they suggest that we should avoid sentences such asI need a book which will tell me all about city gardening, where the clausewhich will tell me all about city gardening indicates which sort of book is needed. Such use ofwhich is useful where two or more relative clauses are joined by and or or, as inIt is a philosophy in which the common man may find solace and which many have found reason to praise. Which is also preferred to introduce a restrictive relative clausewhen the preceding phrase itself contains athat, as inI can only give you that which I don't need (not that that I don't need ) or We want to assign only that book which will be most helpful (preferred tothat book that will be most helpful ). · That may be omitted in a relative clause when the subject of the clause is different from the referent of the phrase preceding the clause. Thus, we may say eitherthe book that I was reading or the book I was reading, where the subject of the clause (I ) is not the referent of the phrase the book. Omission ofthat in these cases has sometimes been described as incorrect, but the practice is extremely common and has ample precedent in reputable writing. ·There have also been occasional objections to the omission ofthat in its use to introduce a subordinate clause, as inI think we should try again. But this usage is entirely idiomatic and is in fact favored with some of the verb phrases that can introduce such clauses:thus, one would more normally write 标准规则中，that 应只被用于引导限定性（或“确定的”）关系从句， 这些从句用于明确正被谈论的实体；在这种情况下，前面决不能有逗号。因此，我们说杰克建的房子已经拆毁了 ， 在这里，从句杰克所建的 指明哪幢房子被拆毁了， 或者我正在找一本易读的书 ， 在这里，易读的 指明哪类书是需要的。 只有which 用于非限定性（或“不确定的”）从句中， 为已经在上下文中定义的实体提供附加信息；在此用法中，which 之前总有逗号。 因此，我们说化学10班的学生一直在抱怨这课本，实在 （不是 that ) 是太难懂了 。 从句which is hard to follow 并不指明哪一课本被抱怨； 即使它被省略，我们也知道the textbook 指化学10班的课本。 That 象这样用于非限定性从句中， 虽然在写作中曾很普遍而且在口语中依然频繁出现，但在正式文体中最好避免使用。一些语法学家认为对称性要求which 应只用于非限定性从句中， 就象that 只用于限定性从句中。 因此，他们建议我们应该避免诸如我需要一本关于城市园艺的书 这样的句子， 这里从句which will tell me all about city gardening 指明需要何种书。 当两个或多个关系从句被and 或 or 连接时， which 的这种用法很有用， 如是哲学使普通人找到慰藉并使许多人有理由去称颂。 Which 也用作引导限定性关系从句，在当前置短语中含有that 时， 如我只能给你我不需要的东西 （不是 that that I don't need )或 我们只想分发那本最用的书 （好于that book that will be most helpful )。 当从句主语与从句前短语所指不一致时，that 在关系从句中可以省略。 因此，我们可以说the book that I was reading 或者 the book I was reading 。 在这里，从句主语(I )和短语 the book 的主语不同。 在这些情况下，that 的省略有时被认为是错误的， 但是这在实际中极普遍而且在规范写作中有充分的先例。对于that 用于引导从句时被省略偶然持有异议， 如在我认为我们应该再试一次 中。 但这种用法完全符合语法而且实际上有一些引导这样从句的短语支持；因此，可以正常应用 〔but〕Traditional grammarians have worried over what form the pronoun ought to take whenbut is used to indicate an exception in sentences such as No one but I (or No one but me ) has read it. Some have argued thatbut is a conjunction in these sentences and therefore should be followed by the nominative formI. However, many of these grammarians have gone on to argue somewhat inconsistentlythat the accusative formme is appropriate when the but phrase occurs at the end of a sentence, as inNo one has read it but me. While this treatment of the construction has a considerable weight of precedent on its sideand cannot be regarded as incorrect,a strong case can be made on grammatical grounds for treating this use ofbut as a preposition. For one thing, ifbut were truly a conjunction here, we would expect the verb to agree in person and number with the noun or pronoun followingbut; we would then sayNo one but the students have read it. What is more, ifbut were a true conjunction here we would not expect that it could be moved to the end of a clause, as inNo one has read it but the students. Note that we cannot use the conjunctionand in a similar way, saying John left and everyone else in the class in place of John and everyone else in the class left. These observations suggest thatbut is best considered as a preposition here and followed by accusative forms such asme and them in all positions: No one but me has read it. No one has read it but me. These recommendations are supported by 73 percent of the Usage Panel when thebut phrase precedes the verb and by 93 percent when thebut phrase follows the verb. · But is redundant when used together with however, as in But the army, however, went on with its plans; one or the other word should be eliminated. ·But is generally not followed by a comma. Correct written style requiresKim wanted to go, but we stayed, not Kim wanted to go, but, we stayed. · But may be used to begin a sentence at all levels of style. See Usage Note at and ,cannot ,doubt ,however ,I 1传统的语法学家考虑当but 用于表示例外的意思时应该用什么形式的代词，比如 No one but I （或者 No one but me ) has read it 。 有人认为but 在这种句子中是个连词， 因此应该使用主格I。 然而许多语法学家接下来的讨论有些不一致，即当but 短语出现在句子末尾时用宾格 me 比较合适， 如No one has read it but me（除我以外没有人读过它）。 同时这种结构前置处理的重要性是值得考虑的，并且不会被认为是不正确的，一个有力的例子在语法范畴内，认为but 在这里作介词使用。 首先如果but 在此真是一个连词的话， 我们会期望同名词或代词在人称和数上保持一致的动词跟在but 后面； 我们会说No one but the students have read it（除学生以外没有人读过它）。 再者，如果but 在此真是连词的话，我们不希望它被放在句子末尾， 如在句子No one has read it but the students 中。 注意我们不以类似的方式来使用连词and ，说 John left and everyone else in the class 来代替 John and everyone else in the class left。 这些发现表明but 在此最好被当作介词， 在任何位置后面都应跟宾格形式如me 和 them ： No one but me has read it. No one has read it but me（除了我没人读过它）。 当but 短语放在动词之前时，有百分之七十三的用法专题使用小组成员支持这些提议； 而当but 短语放在动词之后时，得到百分之九十三的小组成员的支持。 But 在同 however 一起使用时是多余的，如 But the army, however, went on with its plans； 这两个词必须去掉其中一个。But 通常后面不加逗号。 正确的写法是Kim wanted to go, but we stayed, 而不是 Kim wanted to go, but, we stayed 。 But 可以放在所有文体标准的句子开头 参见 and,cannot,doubt,however,I1〔Newport〕A city of southeast Rhode Island at the mouth of Narragansett Bay south-southeast of Providence. Settled in 1639, it was an important economic center in pre-Revolutionary times and in the 19th century became a fashionable summer resort where the wealthy built palatial "cottages" such as the Breakers and Marble House. The mansions and restored colonial buildings still attract tourists to the city, as do its tennis museum and yachting facilities. Population, 28,227.纽波特：美国罗得岛州东南城市，位于普罗维登斯东南偏南的纳拉甘西特湾入口。1639年始有人定居，在美国革命前是重要的经济中心，19世纪以后，才成是受欢迎的夏季避暑胜地。人们在这里建筑了宫殿般的别墅，如布雷克尔楼和鹅卵石屋。大厦和复原的殖民建筑仍吸引城市人去旅游，就如该地的网球娱乐城和快艇设施一样。人口28,227〔Bloemfontein〕A city of central South Africa east-southeast of Kimberley. It is unofficially called the judicial capital of the country because the appellate division of the national supreme court sits here. Population, 102,600.布隆方丹：南非中部一城市，位于金伯利东南偏东。因南非最高法院的上诉分院设在这里而被非正式地称作该国的司法首都。人口102,600〔Fontainebleau〕A town of northern France southeast of Paris. Its chateau (built by Francis I) was long a royal palace and is now the summer residence of the president of France. The revocation of the Edict of Nantes was signed here in 1685. Population, 15,679.枫丹白露：法国北部一个小城，位于巴黎东南部。其城堡（弗朗西斯一世建造）是个历史悠久的皇宫，现在是法国总统避暑的官邸。1685年南特敕令的废除是在这里宣布的。人口15,679.〔here〕Stop here for a rest.在这里停下，休息一会儿〔Onondaga〕A Native American people formerly inhabiting the eastern Finger Lakes region of west-central New York, with present-day populations in this same area and in southeast Ontario. The Onondaga are one of the original members of the Iroquois confederacy.奥农达加族：以前居住在纽约中西部、芬加湖东部的一个美国土著民族，现在仍居住在这里和安大略的东南部。此民族是易落魁联盟的原始成员之一〔Bloomington〕A city of south-central Indiana south-southwest of Indianapolis. Indiana University (established 1820) is located here. Population, 60,633.布卢明顿：美国印第安纳州中南部城市，在印第安纳波利斯城西南偏南。印第安那大学（建于1820年）座落在这里。人口60,633〔Bangka〕An island of western Indonesia in the Java Sea separated from Sumatra by the narrowStrait of Bangka. Tin was discovered here in the early 1700's. 邦加：印度尼西亚西部一岛屿，位于爪哇海，由狭长的邦加海峡 与苏门答腊隔开。18世纪早期锡在这里被发现 〔lifestyle〕As such, the word has won the occasionally grudging acceptance of the Usage Panel.Fifty-three percent of the Panelists accepts the word in the sentenceBohemian attitudes toward conventional society have been outstripped and outdated by the lifestyles of millions of young people, and fully 70 percent accepts the word in the sentenceSalaries in the Bay Area may be higher, but it may cost employees as much as 30 percent more to maintain their lifestyles, where the economic context makes more apparent the need for a word that denotes categories based on consumption practices.基于这些，这个词获得了用法委员会偶尔略显勉强的承认。53%的专家小组成员接受这个词在句子千百万年轻人的生活方式超越了对于传统社会的放荡不羁的态度，并使之过时 中的用法， 70%的专家小组成员接受其在句子旧金山湾地区的薪水可能高一些，但员工们需要多于30%的薪水来维持其生活 中的使用。 在这里，简练的语境明显地需要一个基于消费习惯的表示分类的词〔suggestive〕"Suggestive here is the Southern, often Western and rural locus of these tales"(Mark Muro)“在这里引人沉思的这些故事的发生地是南部，也经常有西部和农村”(马克·穆罗)〔Andersonville〕A village of southwest-central Georgia north-northeast of Americus. Its notorious Confederate prison, where more than 12,000 soldiers died during the Civil War, is now a national historic site.安德森维尔：位于乔治亚洲中部偏西南阿梅里克斯东北偏北的一个村庄。南北战争期间12,000多名士兵死在这里臭名昭著的邦联监狱里，现已成为国家历史遗址〔skyrocket〕Wheat prices skyrocketed. Discovery of oil here has skyrocketed land values.小麦价格猛涨。在这里发现了石油使土地价值大幅度上升〔Libreville〕The capital and largest city of Gabon, in the northwest part of the country on the Gulf of Guinea. Founded as a French trading post in 1843, it was named Libreville after freed slaves settled here (1848). Population, 235,700.利伯维尔：加蓬的首都和第一大城市，位于该国西北部，几内亚湾沿岸。建于1843年，当时是法国的贸易站，自从获得自由的奴隶在这里定居后，被称作利伯维尔(1848年）。人口235,700〔Anderlecht〕A commune of central Belgium, an industrial and residential suburb of Brussels. Erasmus lived here from 1517 to 1521. Population, 92,912.安德来特：比利时中部一行政区，是布鲁塞尔的工业和居民区。伊拉斯谟在1517年到1521年之间住在这里。人口92,912〔Anaheim〕A city of southern California southeast of Los Angeles. It is the site of Disneyland, opened in 1955. Population, 266,406.阿纳翰：美国加利福尼亚南部城市,在洛杉矶东南部，迪斯尼乐园在这里1955年对外开放，人口266,406〔Amboise〕A town of west-central France on the Loire River east of Tours. Leonardo da Vinci is said to be buried in the chapel of its Gothic chateau. Population, 10,498.安布瓦斯：法国中西部的小镇，位于图尔以东的卢瓦尔河边。雷翁那多·达芬奇据说被埋葬在这里的哥特式教堂里，人口10,498〔rape〕Although three senses are listed in our entry for the verbrape, it is unlikely that many people think of the word as having more than one sense.The Latin wordrapere from which rape comes had an even wider range of meanings, including "to ravish.”It must be kept in mind, however, that most of its senses had to do with the notion of seizing or carrying offand that sexual violation was confined to the one sense.In the case of the Middle Englishwordrapen, taken from Latin rapere, fewer senses existed, but some of them differed quite significantly from any in which we would use the word today.It could mean "to fix or set a certain time" ("The tyme he wild [would] not rape" ) or "to carry off somebody to heaven from earth" ( "the visions of seynt poul wan [when] he was rapt in to paradys" ). The past participlerapt has survived in Modern English, where it has become a separate wordreferring to states of deep delight or absorption,far removed from the hideous cruelties ofrape. The sense involving these cruelties was probably present in Middle Englishand has largely taken over the word.尽管在动词rape 这一词条中，我们列了三个意思， 但实际很多人并不认为该词有这么多意思。Rape 从其起源的拉丁语单词 rapere 甚至有更多的词义， 其中包括“使销魂”这一含意。然而，我们必须记住所有这些词义都同“用武力夺取或抢走”有关，性方面的侵犯只是其中的一个意思。在中古英语中，由拉丁语rapere 一词产生的动词 rapen 的词义已经减少， 不过其中有些词义和现在的词义完全不同。它可以意为“约定或确定时间”(“他不肯 约定时间” )或“由人间带某人进入天堂”( “圣保罗进入天堂 的情景” )。 该词的过去分词rapt 仍存在于现代英语中， 在这里它已成为一个单独的单词，意为一种极其兴奋或被深深吸引的状态，这个意思与rape 一词丑恶的词义相去甚远。 与残酷行为有关的词义可能在中世纪就存在，后来被保留了下来〔vestry〕A room in or attached to a church where the clergy put on their vestments and where these robes and other sacred objects are stored; a sacristy.圣衣室，圣具室：在教堂里的或者与它相连的屋子，神父在这里穿戴他们的圣装并且这些圣衣和其它神圣的物件都保存在里面；圣器室〔complementarity〕"This is where the complementarity of the masculine and the feminine so acutely emerges. They are the necessary poles of a dialectic process"(Therese Namenek)“正是在这里男性与女性的互补性明显表现出来。这正是辩证过程中两个不可或缺的方面”(特蕾泽·内姆奈克)〔Andros〕also [änʹdrôs'] An island of southeast Greece in the Aegean Sea. The northernmost of the Cyclades, it was colonized by Athens in the fifth centuryb.c. 也作 [änʹdrôs'] 安德罗斯岛：希腊东南部爱琴海一岛屿。位于基克拉迪群岛最北端，公元前 5世纪雅典人在这里开拓殖民地 〔Champagne〕A historical region and former province of northeast France. It was incorporated into the French royal domain in 1314. The sparkling wine champagne was first produced here c. 1700.香巴尼：法国东北部一历史地区，原为法国的一个省。1314年并入法国皇家版图。起泡沫的葡萄香槟酒于1700年首次在这里酿造〔hereabout〕In this general vicinity; around here.在这一带：在这里附近；在这周围〔Issus〕An ancient town of southeast Asia Minor near modern-day Iskenderun, Turkey. Alexander the Great defeated Darius III of Persia here in 333b.c. 伊苏斯：小亚细亚东南部的一个古代城镇，位于现在土耳其的伊斯肯德仑港附近，公元前 333年，亚历山大大帝在这里击败了波斯的大流士三世 〔Hemet〕A city of southern California east of Santa Ana. Ancient rock paintings and carvings have been found here. Population, 36,094.赫梅特：美国加利福尼亚南部一座城市，位于圣安娜的东部。在这里发现了古代岩石绘画和雕刻。人口36,094〔Senlac〕A hill in southern England near Hastings. The battle fought here in 1066, in which William the Conqueror defeated Harold II, is known as the Battle of Hastings.森拉克：英格兰南部靠近哈斯丁斯的一座小山，1066年在这里的一场战役中，征服者威廉击败了哈罗德二世，这便是有名的哈斯丁斯战役〔Rawalpindi〕A city of northeast Pakistan north-northwest of Lahore. Settled by Sikhs in 1765, it was interim capital of Pakistan from 1959 to 1970. Population, 452,000.拉瓦尔品第：巴基斯坦东北部一城市，位于拉合尔市西北偏北。1765年锡克人开始在这里居住，1959至1970年为巴基斯坦内陆首都。人口452,000〔Sapporo〕A city of southwest Hokkaido, Japan, near the head of Ishikari Bay. A processing and commercial center, it was the site of the 1972 Winter Olympics. Population, 1,542,979.札幌：日本北海道西南部一城市，位于石狩湾口，是一个加工业和商业中心，1972年冬季奥运会曾在这里举办。人口1,542,979〔data〕where the singularity ofdata is implicit in the use of the quantifier very little (contrast the oddness ofWe have very little facts on the efficacy of such programs ). 在这里，data 的单数无保留地用在量词 very little很少 中 （和特例我们对这一项目的效力上，几乎没有多少事实 用法相反） 〔fun〕The use offun as an attributive adjective, as ina fun time, a fun place, most likely originated in a playful reanalysis of the use of the word in sentencessuch asIt is fun to ski, wherefun behaves syntactically like an adjective such as amusing or swell. The usage became popular in the 1950's and 1960's, though there is some evidence to suggest that it has 19th-century antecedents.Certainly the sense of this word makes it particularly susceptible to jocular treatment.But as with other such reanalyses (for example, in the expressiona whole 'nother ), the usage appears to have persisted after the original flavor had been lost.Thus there is no intimation of humorous intent in a press release that announces: fun 作为定语形容词使用， 如一段愉快的时光，一个娱乐场所， 极有可能源于对此词在某些句中用法的玩笑性再分析，如滑雪真好玩 从句法功能来讲， fun 在这里的用法象 amusing 或 swell 之类的形容词。 尽管有证据表明19世纪就出现这种用法了，但开始变得流行却在19世纪50,60年代。当然，此词的这层含义尤令人怀疑对方是否在打趣。但正如其他这类再分析词（例如，在句子a whole 'nother 中一样）， 此用法在最初的含义都失去之后，还一直坚持使用下来。因此当报界发布以下消息时就从中找不出任何滑稽意味了： 〔Zedekiah〕The last king of Judah (597-586b.c. ). He revolted unsuccessfully (588-586) against Nebuchadnezzar II and was sent to captivity in Babylon, where he died. 泽德基亚：犹大最后一个国王(公元前 597-586年），他抵抗尼布甲尼撒二世失败后（公元前588-586年），被囚禁在巴比伦，最后也死在这里 〔Munich〕A city of southeast Germany near the Bavarian Alps southeast of Augsburg. Founded in 1158, it has long been the center of Bavaria. Adolf Hitler organized the Nazi Party here after World War I and signed the Munich Pact, widely regarded as a symbol of appeasement, with Great Britain, France, and Italy in 1938. The city was largely rebuilt after extensive Allied bombing in World War II. Munich was the site of the 1972 Summer Olympics. Population, 1,267,451.慕尼黑：德国东南部城市，位于奥格斯堡东南，靠近巴伐利亚州境内的阿尔卑斯山脉。1158年建成，长期为巴伐利亚州的中心。一战后阿尔道夫·希特勒在这里成立纳粹党并且签署了被公认为是1938德国与英国、法国、意大利的绥靖政策的标志的《慕尼黑协定》。在二战中盟军的全面轰炸后该城市大规模重建。慕尼黑是1972年夏季奥运会举办地。人口1,267,451〔thrive〕"the wild deer that throve here"(Tom Clancy)“在这里茁壮成长的野鹿”(汤姆·克兰西)〔Kirkuk〕A city of northeast Iraq southeast of Mosul. Built on the site of a settlement dating to 3000b.c. , it is an agricultural market in an oil-producing region. Population, 207,900. 基尔库克：伊拉克东北部摩苏尔东南一城市。早在公元前 3000年就有村落在这里建造。它是产石油地区的一个农业市场。人口207,900 〔Kiel〕A city of northern Germany onKiel Bay, an arm of the Baltic Sea. Chartered in 1242, Kiel joined the Hanseatic League in 1284, passed to Denmark in 1773, and was annexed by Prussia in 1866. German sailors mutinied here in 1918, setting off a socialist revolution. Population, 245,751. 基尔：德国北部城市，位于基尔湾 （波罗的海的一个水湾）。基尔于1242年被特许建立，1284年加入自由日尔曼城市商人联盟，1773年转入丹麦，1866年曾被普鲁士占有。1918年德国水手在这里叛乱，发动社会主义革命。人口245,751 〔glitch〕Although in retrospectglitch seems to be a word that people would always have found useful, it is first recorded in English in 1962in the writing of John Glenn:"Another term we adopted to describe some of our problems was ‘glitch.’”Glenn then gives the technical sense of the word the astronauts had adopted:"Literally, a glitch is a spike or change in voltage in an electrical current.”In this very passage we see how the word moved from its narrow, technical electronic sense to a more general sense, even if the astronauts were not necessarily the first to extend the meaning ofglitch. Since then the word has passed beyond technical useand now covers a wide variety of malfunctions and mishaps.回溯历史，尽管glitch 似乎是一个向来有用的单词， 但是直到1962年它才首次在英语中有记录，在约翰·格林著作中：“我们所采用的另一个用来描述我们的问题的词汇是‘glitch’”。格林给这个词下了为宇航员所采用的专业定义， “严格来说，glitch是指电流中电压受阻或变化。”。在这里，即使宇航员不一定是第一个引申了glitch 的含义，可是我们看到这个词是如何从它狭义的电子技术上的意义发展到更普遍的意义。 此后这个词超出了技术上的使用范围，现在可指多种功能故障和灾祸〔Chatham〕A municipal borough of southeast England east of London. Elizabeth I established the first dockyard here in 1588. Population, 142,800.查莎姆：英国东南部的自治城市，位于伦敦东部。1588年伊丽莎白一世在这里修建了第一家造船厂。人口142,800〔Quebec〕Also Quebec City or Québec City The capital of Quebec, Canada, in the southern part of the province on the St. Lawrence River. Champlain established a colony in its Lower Town in 1608. British forces under General Wolfe defeated the French forces led by General Montcalm at the Plains of Abraham here in 1759. The city is today a popular tourist center. Population, 166,474. 也作 Quebec City 或 Québec City 魁北克市：加拿大魁北克省的首府，位于该省的南部、圣劳伦斯河畔。1608年，尚普兰在该城建立了一个殖民点。1759年，在这里的亚伯拉罕平原上，由伍尔夫将军率领的英国军队击败了由蒙卡尔姆将军率领的法国军队。这个城市现在是一个很受欢迎的旅游中心。人口166,474 |
| 随便看 |
英汉汉英双解词典收录301015条英汉双解翻译词条，可根据汉字查询相应的英文词汇，基本涵盖了全部常用汉字的英文读音、翻译及用法，是英语学习及翻译工作的有利工具。