| 单词 | 在那儿 |
| 释义 | 〔intervene〕You can't see the lake from there because the house intervenes.在那儿你无法看到湖，因为有房子介于其间〔hypocaust〕A space under the floor of an ancient Roman building where heat from a furnace was accumulated to heat a room or a bath.炕：古罗马建筑地面以下的空间，在那儿火炉的热聚集给房子或沐浴供暖〔awhirl〕"All we could do was just stand there, our minds awhirl with the fluky wonder of it all"(David Mazel)“我们所能做的就是站在那儿，如此侥幸的奇迹令我们的脑子象在旋转似的混乱”(戴维·梅泽尔)〔intrapreneur〕The wordentrepreneur is more than 150 years old, having come into English from French in 1828.But it is not until very recently that we find its intracorporate counterpart,intrapreneur, meaning "a person within a large corporation who takes direct responsibility for turning an idea into a profitable finished product through assertive risk-taking and innovation.”This coinage is generally attributed to management consultant Gifford Pinchot,author of the 1985 book entitledIntrapreneuring; others insist its true originator was Norman Macrae, deputy editor of theEconomist, although Macrae himself denies it.Still, whatever its exact source,in the scant number of years since its inception the termintrapreneur has gained currency very quickly. It has also given rise to various derivatives,such as the aforementioned gerundintrapreneuring, the noun intrapreneurship (as in a September 30, 1985, interview with Stephen Jobs inNewsweek : "The Macintosh team was what is commonly known as intrapreneurship—only a few years before the term was coined—a group of people going in essence back to the garage, but in a large company"),the adjectiveintrapreneurial, and another noun, intrapreneurialism ("what has become known as intrapreneurialism, where people within the corporation acquire more adventurous small business outlooks,” by Ian Hamilton-Fazy in "An Uneasy Co-existence,”Financial Times, October 23, 1984). Broad use of a word and the development of numerous derivatives are strong signals predicting staying power within the language.Intrapreneur and its spinoffs are of particular interest to etymologists and lexicographers because they illustrate the constant changes inherent in a living language.entrepreneur 一词已有150多年的历史， 于1828年从法语传入英语。但是直到最近我们才发现其在公司内部的对应人物intrapreneur ， 意为“对通过果断地承担风险和革新使想法变为有利可图的成品这一过程承担直接责任的大公司里的高级成员”。这个新造的词普遍认为应归功于业务顾问吉福德·平肖，1985年出版的名为Intrapreneuring 一书的作者； 其他人坚持其真正的发明者是经济学家 杂志的副编辑诺曼·麦克里， 虽然麦克里本人否认这一点。然而，不管其准确的起源是什么，自它开始出现以来的短短几年中，intrapreneur 一词已很快流行开来。 它同样产生了多个衍生词，例如前面提到的动名词intrapreneuring ，名词 intrapreneurship （例如新闻周刊 于1985年9月30日斯蒂芬·乔布斯的采访中： “马金托什队通常地以出色的企业运作而闻名——仅仅是这个词条被发明的几年前——一群实质上是回到汽车房的人，而现在不过是大公司的汽车房罢了”），形容词intraprenurial 以及另一个名词 intrapreneurialim （以企业运作主义出名的地方，在那儿公司内部的职员获得更为冒险的商业前景”，伊恩·汉密尔顿一费茨的“不稳定的共存”，金融时报 1984年10月23日出版）。 一个词的广泛运用以及无数派生词的产生是预示语言内部持久力的强烈的信号。词源学家以及词典编纂者对intrpreneur 以及它的派生词产生了独特的兴趣， 因为它们说明现用语言所固有的持续不断的变化〔imitate〕"I . . . lay there simulating death" (W.H. Hudson).“我…躺在那儿，假装死了” (W·H·哈得孙）〔like〕If you like, we can meet you there.如果你愿意的话，我们在那儿接你〔Tallapoosa〕A river rising in northwest Georgia and flowing about 431 km (268 mi) generally southwest to central Alabama, where it joins the Coosa River to form the Alabama River.塔拉波萨河：一条发源于美国乔治亚州西北部的河流，流程约为431公里(268英里），向西南流经阿拉巴马州中部，在那儿它与库萨河汇合形成了阿拉巴马河〔therein〕In that place, time, or thing.在那儿：在那里，那时或在那件事中〔Nation〕American temperance crusader who conducted a series of raids on saloons, in which she would break bottles of liquor and destroy barroom furniture with a hatchet.纳辛，卡利·阿米列·穆尔：(1846-1911) 美国禁酒运动参与者，她领导了对酒吧的一系列袭击，在那儿她会打碎酒瓶并且用一个短柄小斧毁坏酒吧间的家具〔Ruth〕In the Old Testament, a Moabite widow who left home with her mother-in-law and went to Bethlehem, where she later married Boaz.路得：旧约中的一摩押寡妇，她与她的婆母一起离开家去伯利恒，后来在那儿嫁给了波阿斯〔with〕just sat there with his mouth open.只张着嘴坐在那儿〔absquatulate〕The vibrant energy of American English sometimes appears in the use of Latin affixes to create jocular pseudo-Latin "learned" words.There is a precedent for this in the language of Shakespeare,whose plays contain scores of made-up Latinate words.Midlandabsquatulate has a prefix ab-, "away from,” and a suffix-ate, "to act upon in a specified manner,” affixed to a nonexistent base form-squatul-, probably suggested bysquat. Hence the whimsicalabsquatulate, "to squat away from.” Another such coinage is Northernbusticate, which joins bust with -icate by analogy with verbs like medicate. Southernargufy joins argue to a redundant -fy, "to make; cause to become.” These creations are largely confined to regions of the United States where change is slow,and where the 19th-century love for Latinate words and expressions is still manifest.For example, Appalachian speech is characterized by the frequent use ofrecollect, aggravate, oblige, and other such words. 美国英语的创造力有时表现在用拉丁文词缀去创造滑稽的假拉丁文“文雅”的单词。莎士比亚的语言是一先行者，他的戏剧中有大量创造出来的拉丁词。中部地区的absquatulate 有一前缀 ab-， 表“离开，走开，” 和一个后缀-ate， 表“以特殊方式行事，” 这些再加在一个不存在的词根上-squatul-， 也许是由squat 而来的。 所以奇特的absquatulate 表“走开，离开。” 另外一个这样的造词是从北部的busticate 来的，这是把 bust 加上 -icate 变来的，如同源动词 medicate。 南部的argufy 把 argue 加上多余的 -fy， 意为“变成；使成为”。 这种造词只见于美国变化较慢的地区，在那儿仍保持了19世纪那种喜好拉丁语词语的习惯。比如在阿巴拉契亚地区的语言中，如同recollect，aggravate，oblige 和其他这样一些词经常被使用的 〔stuff〕Put that stuff over there.将那堆材料放在那儿〔stuff〕"where we could watch the stuff, mainly curves, that the pitchers were putting on the ball"(James Henry Gray)“在那儿我们能观察到投球手对球的控制，主要是其投之曲线球”(詹姆斯·亨利·格雷)〔paddock〕An area of an automobile racetrack where cars are prepared before a race.赛前停车场：汽车比赛跑道的一个地区，汽车在那儿进行比赛前的准备〔lie〕The dust has lain undisturbed for years. He lay sick in bed.尘土积在那儿很多年了。他卧病在床〔Goshen〕A region of ancient Egypt on the eastern delta of the Nile River. According to the Old Testament, it was inhabited by the Israelites from the time of Jacob until the Exodus.歌珊地：古埃及的一块地区，位于尼罗河三角洲的东部。据旧约圣经记载，从雅克时期以色列人就居住在那儿直到出埃及〔pone〕A staple of the early American colonies from New England southward to Virginia waspone, a bread made by Native Americans from flat cakes of cornmeal dough baked in ashes.Derived from an Algonquian word meaning "to roast" or "to bake,”pone is one of several Virginia Algonquian words (including hominy and tomahawk ) borrowed into the English of the Atlantic seaboard. The wordpone, usually in the compound cornpone, is now used mainly in the South,where it means cakes of cornbread baked on a griddle or in hot ashes—as the Native Americans originally cooked it.从新英格兰往南至弗吉尼亚等早期的美洲殖民地人的一种主食玉米面包， 即由土著美洲人制作的一种面包，将扁平的玉米面团放在灰烬中烤制而成。pone 是由阿尔贡金语中一个意为“烤肉”或“烤面包”的词派生而来，它是被大西洋沿岸英语借用的几个弗吉尼亚阿尔贡金语词汇中的一个（还包括 homing牛奶玉米片粥 和 Bomahawk印第安战斧） 。 pone 这个词通常用在 cornpone 这一复合词中， 现在主要在美国南方使用，在那儿它意指在一只圆烤盘或热灰中烤出的玉米面糕——就象当初美洲土著人的那种做法〔rot〕"He was thrown into one of Napoleon's dungeons and left to rot"(Michael Massing)“他被投入拿破仑的监狱，在那儿日渐憔悴”(迈克尔·马辛)〔ironic〕In 1969 Susie moved from Ithaca to California where she met her husband-to-be, who, ironically, also came from upstate New York ( 1969年苏茜从伊塔卡搬迁到了加利福尼亚并在那儿遇到了她未来的丈夫，而具有嘲弄意味的是，他也是从上纽约州来的( 〔die〕If your vehicle dies, stay with it.如果你的车开不动了，就等在那儿〔stupid〕The woman kept signaling that it was time to leave, but her escort was so dense that he just kept sitting there. 那女人不停地暗示该离开了，但他的护送者却是那样迟钝以致于一直坐在那儿不动 〔tower〕"There he stood, grown suddenly tall, towering above them"(J.R.R. Tolkien)See Synonyms at rise “他站在那儿，忽然变得极其高大，凌驾于他们之上”(J.R.R.托尔金) 参见 rise〔akimbo〕"There he remained, dead to the world, limbs akimbo, until we left"(Alex Shoumatoff)“[She] often skips into a veritable ballet of akimbo limbs" (Jack Kroll)“直到我们离去他一直四肢弯曲着呆在那儿，对外界全然不顾”(亚历克斯·肖马托夫)“［她］ 常常能跳出四肢弯曲的真正的芭蕾舞动作” (杰克·克罗尔)〔Hampton〕An independent city of southeast Virginia opposite Norfolk onHampton Roads, the outlet of three rivers into Chesapeake Bay. Settled by colonists from Jamestown in 1610, the city was sacked by the British in the War of 1812 and was almost burned to the ground by Confederates in 1861 to prevent its occupation by Union troops. Population, 133,793. 汉普顿：美国弗吉尼亚州东南部的一个独立城市，隔汉普顿大道 与诺福克相望，在那儿有三条河相汇并注入切萨皮克湾。该市于1610 年为詹姆斯敦的殖民者所建，在1812年战争中被英军洗劫，并在1861年几乎被南方联邦军队烧为平地，以免落入北方军队之手。人口133,793 〔Sheol〕The underworld of the Old Testament, where the dead dwelt in darkness.地狱：《旧约》中的地下世界，在那儿死者住在黑暗中〔frequent〕To pay frequent visits to; be in or at often:时常出入：频繁的访问；经常在那儿或常常出现：〔navel〕The mark on the surface of the abdomen of mammals where the umbilical cord was attached during gestation. Also called umbilicus 脐：哺乳动物腹表面的痕迹，在那儿怀孕期间脐带附着 也作 umbilicus |
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