| 单词 | 在那里 |
| 释义 | 〔pit〕The section directly in front of and below the stage of a theater, in which the musicians sit.乐队席：正好在剧场舞台前面或下方的部分，乐师在那里就坐〔wherein〕In which location; where:在那里；在那个所在地：〔Laputan〕After the flying island of Laputa in Gulliver's Travels by Jonathan Swift, where absurd projects are pursued and useful pursuits neglected. 源自 Laputa 的飞岛，在 格列佛游记 中，乔纳森·斯威夫特著，在那里人们追逐着极端不切实际的目标而放弃有用的目标 〔Warbeck〕Flemish pretender to the English throne. Posing as Richard, Duke of York, the murdered son of Edward IV, he landed in Cornwall (1497), proclaimed himself king, and proceeded to London, where he was captured and hanged by supporters of Henry VII.沃贝克，珀金：(1474?-1499) 法兰德斯的英国王位的觊觎者。他自称爱德华四世被谋杀的儿子约克公爵理查德，1497年在康沃尔登陆，宣布自己为国王，随后向伦敦前进，在那里被亨利七世的支持者抓住并绞死〔bed〕An underwater or intertidal area in which a particular organism is established in large numbers:养殖场：位于水下或惯性区域的一块地，在那里特殊的生物被大量养殖：〔posh〕"Oh yes, Mater, we had a posh time of it down there.”So inPunch for September 25, 1918, do we find the first recorded instance of that mysterious wordposh, meaning "smart and fashionable,”although in a 1903 book by P.G. Wodehouse,Tales of St. Austin's, there is a mention of a waistcoat that was "push.” The latter may be a different word,but in either case the dates of occurrence are importantbecause they are part of the objection to derivingposh from the initials of "Port Out, Starboard Home.” This was the cooler, and thus more expensive, side of ships traveling between England and India in the mid-19th century,and the acronymPOSH was supposedly stamped on the tickets of first-class passengers traveling on that side of ships owned by the Peninsular and Oriental Steam Navigation Company. No evidence is definitely known to exist for this theory, however.TheOxford English Dictionary Supplement may have found a possible source or sources for posh. Another wordposh was 19th- and early 20th-century British slang for "money,” specifically "a halfpenny, cash of small value.”This word is borrowed from the common Romany wordpåšh, "half,” which was used in combinations such aspåšhera, "halfpenny.” Posh, also meaning "a dandy,” is recorded in two dictionaries of slang published in 1890 and 1902,although this particularposh may be still another word. This word or these words, however, are much more likely to be the source ofposh than "Port Out, Starboard Home,” although the latter source certainly has caught the public's etymological fancy.“哦是的，妈妈，我们在那里过着豪华的生活。”因此在1918年9月25日的punch 上， 我们看到了那个神秘单词posh 的首次记录， 意为“豪华的，时髦的，”虽然早在1903年P·G·伍德豪斯的名为圣·奥斯汀传说 的作品中就提及了意为"push"的马夹这个词。 后者也可能是另外一个不同的词，但在任何一种情况下两者被使用的时间都很重要，因为它们都反对posh 这个词源于"Port Out，Starboard Home。” 这是意指19世纪中期往来于英格兰及印度的船只中较凉爽、因而票价也就较为昂贵的一侧，而POSH 这个首字缩拼词据说就印在半岛——东方蒸汽船航运公司所拥有的船只上较为凉爽的一侧头等舱的票上。 然而对于这一说法并没有确凿的证据来加以证明。牛津英语词典增补本 也许为 posh 找到了一个或多个可能的词源。 另一个词posh 则是19世纪和20世纪初英国人用来表示“钱”的俚语， 尤指“半便士，小面值钱币。”这个词源于吉卜赛常用词på歨 ，意为“一半”， 用在诸如意为“半便士”的复合词på歨era 中。 Posh 也有“花花公子”之意， 这一用法记录于1890年及1902年出版的两本俚语词典中，尽管这个特有的posh 也有可能是另一个词。 然而这个词及上文提到的那些词比"Port Out，Starboard Home"更有可能是posh 这个词的词源， 虽然后者早被人们确认为这个词的词源〔where〕She moved to the city, where jobs are available.她搬到了城里，在那里工作好找〔dragonfly〕Regional terms for the dragonfly are numerous, providing good evidence for dialect boundaries in the United States.The greatest variety of terms is to be found in the South,where the most widespread term issnake doctor (a name based on a folk belief that dragonflies take care of snakes).The Midland equivalent issnake feeder. Speakers from the Lower South, on the other hand, are more likely to refer to the same insect as amosquito hawk or, in the South Atlantic states, askeeter hawk. The imagery outside the South alludes more to the insect's shape than to its behavior or diet:Upper Northern speakers call it adarning needle or a devil's darning needle ; those in Coastal New Jersey, aspindle ; and Northern Californians, anear sewer. 各地对蜻蜓的许多不同叫法为美国的方言边界提供了很好的依据。对蜻蜓叫法最多的是南部，在那里最常用的是snake doctor （因民间认为蜻蜓照看蛇而得名）。中部有与此相应的叫法：snake feeder。 而南部较南端的人则通常把蜻蜓叫作mosquito hawk ， 南大西洋诸州又把它称为skeeter hawk。 南部以外的其它地方更多地根据蜻蜓的外形而非行为或食物为之命名：北部较北端的人把它叫作darning needle 或 devil's darning needle ； 新泽西州海岸一带叫spindle ； 而北加利福尼亚人则叫ear sewer 〔Scotland〕A constituent country of the United Kingdom comprising the northern part of the island of Great Britain and the Hebrides, Shetland Islands, and Orkney Islands. Inhabited by Picts in prehistoric times, the region was invaded but never conquered by the Romans and split into a variety of small kingdoms after the fifth centurya.d. . In the ninth century most of Scotland was unified into one kingdom, but conflicts with the English to the south soon erupted, leading to a series of bloody wars. When Mary Queen of Scots's son James VI succeeded to the English throne in 1603, the two kingdoms were united. Scotland became a part of the kingdom of Great Britain by a parliamentary act of 1707. Edinburgh is the capital and Glasgow the largest city. Population, 5,149,500. 苏格兰：英国的一个选区，它包括大不列颠岛北部、赫布里底群岛、设得兰群岛和奥克尼群岛。史前时代皮克特人曾居住在那里，它曾被罗马人侵略过但从来没有被占领，在公元 5世纪后分裂成许多小的王国。到了9世纪，绝大部分苏格兰都被合并成一个国家，但是与英国人在南方的冲突很快就爆发了，从而导致了一系列血腥战争。当苏格兰王子詹姆斯六世的玛丽女王在1603年继承了英国王位后，这两个国家合并了。通过1707的议会法案，苏格兰成为大英帝国的一部分。爱丁堡是其首府，格拉斯哥是最大的城市。人口5,149,500 〔Whitman〕American frontier missionary who with his wifeNarcissa Prentiss (1808-1847) established a missionary post in the Oregon region (1836), where they introduced Christianity, schooling, and medical advances to the Native Americans. 惠特曼，马库斯：(1802-1847) 美国边远地区携带妻子的传教士纳西萨·普伦蒂斯 (1808—1847年），在俄勒冈地区建立了一个传教地(1836年），在那里向美国土著人介绍基督教、教育和医术 〔therein〕In that place, time, or thing.在那儿：在那里，那时或在那件事中〔Pequot〕A Native American people formerly inhabiting eastern Connecticut, with present-day descendants in the same area. The Pequot and the Mohegan were the same people until the Mohegan broke away under Uncas in the early 17th century.佩科特族：曾居住在美国康涅狄格州东部的美国土著人，如今后裔仍居住在那里。佩科特族和莫希干族原属一族，后来莫希干族在17世纪早期叛归安卡斯族〔casino〕The history of the wordcasino reveals a transformation from a cottage to a gambling palace. The source of our word, Italiancasino, is a diminutive ofcasa, "house,” itself from Latincāsa, "cottage, hut, hovel.” Central to the transformation is the development of the senses ofcasino in Italian. The word was first applied to a country houseand then came to be used for a social gathering place,a room or building where one could dance, listen to music, and gamble. This last pastime seems to have gained precedence over the others,at least as far as the development of the word is concerned, andcasino took on the meaning "gambling establishment.” These senses of the Italian word have all been borrowed into English,the sense "social gathering place" being recorded first in the 18th century,the sense "gambling establishment" first in 1851.单词casino 的历史揭示了一个从村舍到赌场的转化。 我们这个意大利词casino 的来源， 是casa 的小字尾“房屋”， 而其本身也来自于拉丁语casa ，意思是“村舍、小屋、茅屋。” 对这一转化起中心作用的是casino 一词在意大利语中的意思发展。 起初，这个词被用来指一所乡间房屋，然后逐渐用它来指一个社交聚会场所，一个人们可以在那里跳舞、听音乐和赌博的房间或建筑物。这最后一种娱乐的地位似乎已在其他娱乐之上，至少就casino 这个词的发展来说是这样的，于是它开始有了“赌场”的含义。 这个意大利词的这些意义都已被借用到英语中；“社交聚会场所”这层意思在18世纪首次被记录下来，“赌场”的含义在1851年被首次记录下来〔oosphere〕A large nonmotile female gamete or egg cell, formed in an oogonium and ready for fertilization.卵球：一种不活跃的大雌配子或卵细胞，形成于卵巢中并在那里准备受精〔Cotton〕English-born American cleric who was vicar of Saint Botolph's Church in England until he was summoned to court for his Puritanism. He fled to Boston, Massachusetts, where he became a civil and religious leader.科顿，约翰：(1584-1652) 英国裔的美国牧师，是圣包托尔夫斯教堂的教区牧师，直到他后来追随清教主义。他逃到马萨诸塞州的波士顿，在那里成为民间的宗教领袖〔Aksum〕A town of northern Ethiopia. From the first to the eighth centurya.d. it was the capital of an empire that controlled much of northern Ethiopia. According to tradition, the Ark of the Covenant was brought here from Jerusalem and placed in the Church of Saint Mary of Zion, where the rulers of Ethiopia were crowned. 阿克苏姆：埃塞俄比亚北部一城镇。公元 1世纪到8世纪，该城是控制埃塞俄比亚北部大部地区的帝国首都。据传说，约柜被从耶路撒冷带到此地后放到锡安山的圣玛丽教堂，在那里埃塞俄比亚的统治者被加冕 〔exosphere〕The outermost layer of Earth's atmosphere, lying above the thermosphere and extending thousands of kilometers into space, from which molecules having sufficient velocity can escape Earth's gravitation.外逸层：地球大气层的最外圈，位于热层之上，并向太空延展几千公里，在那里分子具有足够的速度可以逃出地球的吸引力〔right〕The accident happened right over there.事故正好发生在那里〔pit〕The section of an exchange where trading in a specific commodity is carried on.交易场地：交易所内的一部分，人们可在那里交易特定商品〔Lookout〕A point on a sandy reef off eastern North Carolina southwest of Cape Hatteras. A lighthouse was built here in 1859.卢考特角：美国北卡罗来纳州东海岸附近一块多沙暗礁上的一个岬，位于哈特勒斯角西南。1859年在那里建了一座灯塔〔bayonet〕It is not unusual for a word to come from a place name.Cheddar, from the name of a village in southwest England; hamburger, after Hamburg, Germany; and mayonnaise, possibly from Mahón, the capital of Minorca, are often found together on our tables.The wordbayonet, a very undomestic sort of word, also derives from a place name,that of Bayonne, a town in southwest France where the weapon was first made.The French wordbaïonnette could mean "a dagger or a knife" as well, and the English word bayonet is first found in 1672 with this meaning. The word is first recorded in its present sense in 1704.一个词来源于一个地名并非罕见。Cheddar 来源于英格兰西南部一个村庄的名字； hamburger 是根据德国汉堡而得名； mayonnaise 可能来自米诺卡岛的首府梅霍恩， 这些词常常可以在我们的表里一齐被找到。bayonet， 一个与母语毫无关系的词， 也是来自地名，那就是法国西南城镇巴约讷，在那里首先造出了这种武器。法语词baionnette 可能意味着“短剑或刀”，同样英语的 bayonet 于1672年第一次被发现时也具有这个意思。 在1704年这个词首次以现在的意思被记录下来〔teach〕The young woman attends vocational school,where she is being trained as a computer technician.这个年轻女子进入职业学校，在那里她被训练成计算机工程师。〔Burr〕American politician who became Vice President of the United States (1801-1805) under Thomas Jefferson after a deadlock in the electoral college was broken by the House of Representatives. On July 11, 1804, Burr mortally wounded his rival Alexander Hamilton in a duel and later fled south where he was involved in a mysterious conspiracy to establish an independent nation in Mexico and the Southwest. Tried for treason, he was acquitted for lack of evidence.伯尔，艾伦：(1756-1836) 美国政治家。在选举团形成的僵局被众议院击垮之后做了托马斯·杰斐逊的副手而成为美国副总统(1801-1805年）。1804年7月11日，伯尔在一次决斗中使对手亚历山大·汉密尔顿受到致命创伤，后来他逃到南部，在那里卷入了一个要在墨西哥和西南地区建立独立政府的秘密阴谋集团。他因叛国罪而受审，由于证据不足而无罪释放〔swing〕"He stood with wavering hands, unable for a moment to begin" (H.G. Wells).“他摆动着双手站在那里，一时间不知该如何开始” (H·G·威尔士）〔Terence〕Greek-born Roman playwright. Taken to Rome as the young slave of a senator, he was educated and then freed by his master. His comedies, such asPhormio and Adelphi, feature subtle humor and refined dialogue. 泰伦斯：生于希腊的古罗马剧作家。他身为一位元老院议员的奴隶，被带到罗马并在那里接受教育，后被其主人释放。其喜剧如《福尔弥昂》 和 《阿德尔菲》 以其巧妙的幽默和精采的对话为特征 〔Magellan〕Portuguese navigator. While trying to find a western route to the Moluccas (1519), Magellan and his expedition were blown by storms into the strait that now bears his name (1520). He named and sailed across the Pacific Ocean, reaching the Marianas and the Philippines (1521), where he was killed fighting for a friendly native king. One of his ships returned to Spain (1522), thereby completing the first circumnavigation of the globe.麦哲伦，费迪南德：(1480?-1521) 葡萄牙航海家。在试图找到一条向西通向摩鹿加群岛的航线时(1519年），麦哲伦和他的远征船队被风暴吹到了现在以他的名字命名的海峡(1520年）。他给太平洋命了名并且穿越了太平洋，到达马里亚纳群岛和菲律宾群岛(1521年），在那里在替一位友好的土著国王作战时被杀害。他船队中只有一条船回到了西班牙(1522年），从而完成了第一次环球航行〔ghetto〕A section of a city occupied by a minority group who live there especially because of social, economic, or legal pressure.少数民族的集中住宅区：由少数人居住的城市中的一个地区。他们居住在那里主要是来自于社会的、经济的或法律上的压力〔chesterfield〕Chesterfield, a term for any type of sofa, was probably brought down from Canada, where it is common.According to Craig M. Carver inAmerican Regional Dialects, this regionalism is "unique to northern California.”The word probably comes from the name of a 19th-century earl of Chesterfieldand originally referred "specifically to a couch with upright armrests at either end.”It appears to have come into use in Canada around 1903and in Northern California at about the same time.Chester field 用来指任何一种沙发， 可能来自于加拿大，在那里这种用法相当普遍。克雷格·M·卡弗在美国地区方言 中指出， 这种方言是“加利福尼亚州北部特有的”。这个词可能源于19世纪的一个切斯特菲尔德伯爵的名字，最初用来“专指一种两侧都有垂直扶手的长沙发”。1903年前后这个词开始在加拿大被使用，大约同时也在加利福尼亚北部被使用〔Cohan〕American singer, songwriter, and playwright known for his flashy, patriotic Broadway productions. He wrote "Over There" and "I'm a Yankee Doodle Dandy.”柯汉，乔治·迈克尔：(1878-1942) 美国歌唱家、歌曲作者和剧作家，以其浮华的、有爱国主义精神的百老汇作品闻名。他写有“在那里”和“我是美国花花公子”〔Chapman〕American pioneer and subject of many legends. He traveled widely in the Ohio River valley, planting apple seeds and pruning apple trees.查普曼，约翰：(1775?-1845) 美国拓荒者，也是许多传奇中的角色。他游历过俄亥俄河谷的广大地区，在那里种植苹果树苗、修剪苹果树〔anymore〕In standard American English the wordanymore is often found in negative sentences: They don't live here anymore. Butanymore is widely used in regional American English in positive sentences with the meaning "nowadays": "We use a gas stove anymore" (Oklahoma informant in DARE).Its use, which appears to be spreading,is centered in the South Midland and Midwestern states—Tennessee, Kentucky, Indiana, Oklahoma, and Iowa—and the Western statesthat received settlers from those areas.The earliest recorded examples are from Northern Ireland,where the positive use ofanymore still occurs. 在标准美国英语里anymore 一词常出现于否定句里： 他们再也不在这儿住了。 但anymore 在地方美国英语里广泛用于肯定句中，意思是“如今”： “我们现如今使用煤气炉” （美国区域英语词典的俄克拉何马州情报提供者）。它的用法似乎还正扩展，主要集中于中南部和中西部各州--田纳西州，肯塔基州，印第安纳州，俄克拉何马州和依阿华州——以及接收了这些地区移民的西部各州。最早记载的例子来自北爱尔兰，在那里anymore 一词的肯定用法仍在使用 〔hang〕She hung in there despite pressure to resign.她无视让她辞职的压力而坚守在那里〔Huron〕A Native American confederacy formerly inhabiting southeast Ontario around Lake Simcoe, with small present-day populations in Quebec and northeast Oklahoma, where they are known as Wyandot. The Huron traded extensively throughout eastern Canada until the confederacy was destroyed by war with the Iroquois in the mid-17th century.休伦族：美洲土著居民的一个联盟，曾居住于安大略省东南西姆克湖周围，现在人数已很少，主要居于魁北克省和俄克拉荷马东北，在那里他们被称为怀安多特人。休伦人曾在整个加拿大东部广泛地从事贸易，直至17世纪中期与易洛魁人的战争中联盟被摧毁〔fill〕I wasn't there—would you fill me in?我不在那里——你能告诉我那的消息吗〔skyrocket〕A firework that ascends high into the air where it explodes in a brilliant cascade of flares and starlike sparks.冲天火箭：一种鞭炮，能够高高地冲入空中，并在那里爆炸，发出炫目的闪光和星状的火花〔gallery〕In Texas, Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, and southern Alabama,an open roofed porch that runs along at least one side of a house is called agallery: "Out on the small front gallery she had hung Bobinôt's Sunday clothes to air" (Kate Chopin).Craig M. Carver, the author ofAmerican Regional Dialects, points out that the word gallery, from Old French galerie, was borrowed into British English in the 15th century and was brought over to the American colonies by English-speaking settlers.Although the word in the sense "porch" did not survive in the American English of the East Coast,it was borrowed separately, probably from Acadian French,into the English of 18th-century Louisianaand there survived as part of the Gulf Southern dialect.在得克萨斯州、阿肯色州、路易斯安那州、密西西比和南部阿拉巴马，至少在房屋的一侧延伸出来的一种敞开屋顶的门廊被称作gallery： “出了前面的小门廊，她把博比内的最好的衣服晾在那里” （凯特·肖邦）。美国区域方言 的作者克雷格·M·卡弗尔指出 gallery 来源于古代法语 galerie ， 在15世纪借入英语并由讲英语的殖民者带入美国殖民地。虽然该词当作“门廊”的意义没有在东海岸的美式英语中保存下来，但是它很有可能被分开借自阿卡迪亚的法语，并在18世纪进入路易斯安那英语，并在那里保存下来而成为南部港口方言的一部分〔work〕"where men must beg with bated breath for leave to . . . garner the fruits of their own labors" (Roger Casement). “在那里男人们必须屏住呼吸请求离开…以取得他自己的劳动果实” （罗杰·凯斯门特）。〔Hialeah〕A city of southeast Florida northwest of Miami. An industrial center, it is noted especially for its racetrack that features flamingos roaming on its grounds. Population, 188,004.海尔勒阿：美国佛罗里达州东南部的一个城市，位于迈阿密西北方，为一工业中心，尤其引人注目的是它的赛马场，火鹤鸟在那里自由自在地漫步。人口188,004〔cockpit〕An area in a small decked vessel toward the stern, lower than the rest of the deck, from which the vessel is steered.操舵处：有甲板的小船上船尾的一个区域，低于甲板上的其它部分，在那里驾驶船〔Bakunin〕Russian anarchist and political theorist who was imprisoned and later exiled to Siberia for his revolutionary activities. He escaped to London (1861), where he opposed Karl Marx. Bakunin's theories of anarchy are considered the antithesis of Marx's communism.巴枯宁，米克海尔·亚力山德罗维奇：(1814-1876) 俄国无政府主义者和政治理论家，因其革命活动曾被关进监狱，后来被流放到西伯利亚。他于1861年逃亡伦敦，在那里他反对卡尔·马克思。巴枯宁的无政府主义理论被认为是马克思共产主义政府的对立 |
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