| 单词 | 地名 |
| 释义 | 〔Navajo〕American Spanish Navajó [originally a place-name] 美国西班牙语 Navajó [原选是一个地名] 〔Montauk〕[From a place name of Montauk origin] [源于蒙托克的地名] 〔Skeat〕English philologist who wroteAn Etymological Dictionary of the English Language (1879-1882) and began the systematic study of English place names. 斯基特，沃尔特·威廉：(1835-1912) 英国语言学家，曾著有《英语词源字典》 （1879-1882年），并着手了对英国地名的综合研究 〔bayonet〕It is not unusual for a word to come from a place name.Cheddar, from the name of a village in southwest England; hamburger, after Hamburg, Germany; and mayonnaise, possibly from Mahón, the capital of Minorca, are often found together on our tables.The wordbayonet, a very undomestic sort of word, also derives from a place name,that of Bayonne, a town in southwest France where the weapon was first made.The French wordbaïonnette could mean "a dagger or a knife" as well, and the English word bayonet is first found in 1672 with this meaning. The word is first recorded in its present sense in 1704.一个词来源于一个地名并非罕见。Cheddar 来源于英格兰西南部一个村庄的名字； hamburger 是根据德国汉堡而得名； mayonnaise 可能来自米诺卡岛的首府梅霍恩， 这些词常常可以在我们的表里一齐被找到。bayonet， 一个与母语毫无关系的词， 也是来自地名，那就是法国西南城镇巴约讷，在那里首先造出了这种武器。法语词baionnette 可能意味着“短剑或刀”，同样英语的 bayonet 于1672年第一次被发现时也具有这个意思。 在1704年这个词首次以现在的意思被记录下来〔bylaw〕A casual glance at the wordbylaw might make one think that the element by- means "secondary, subsidiary,” especially sincebylaw can mean "a secondary law.” It is possible thatby-, as in byway, has influencedbylaw in the sense "secondary law"; however,bylaw existed long before the sense in question. The word is first recorded in 1283 with the meaning "a body of customs or regulations, as of a village, manor, religious organization, or sect.”By- in this word comes from Old Norse, as may the wordbylaw, and is related to if not identical with the element -by in the names of many places, such as Whitby, where Scandinavians settled when they invaded England during the early Middle Ages.We get the sense of this-by if we compare the related word entered as bær, b÷r, bȳr, in the standard dictionary of Old Icelandic, meaning "a town or village" in Norway, Sweden, and Denmark and "a farm or landed estate" in Iceland. We thus see whybylaw would mean "a body of customs of a village or manor" and why we use the word to mean "a law or rule governing the internal affairs of an organization.”随意瞟一眼单词bylaw 可能会使人想起前缀 by- ，意为“第二位的，次要的”， 因为bylaw 意为“附属的法规”。 可能因为前缀by- 位于 byway 中， 它影响了bylaw “附属法规”这一意义； 然而bylaw 一词在上述意义产生之前早已存在。 该词最初是在1283年以“一种习俗或规章体系，如村庄、县邑、宗教组织或派系之中”这种含义记载的。前缀By- 来自古斯堪的纳维亚语中， 正如bylaw 一词在许多地名之中与后缀 -by 若不是完全一致，就是彼此相关， 如惠特比，这是斯堪的纳维亚人在中世纪早期侵入英格兰之后的定居地。如果我们将古冰岛标准字典中的相关词bær, b÷r, bȳr （在挪威、瑞典和丹麦这些国家中意为“城镇或村庄”而在冰岛意为“农场或庄园”）加以比较，就会得出后缀 -by 的含义。 我们因而可以明白为什么bylaw 一词意为“村庄或县邑的习俗体系” 以及我们为什么使用其“一种法规或规则，用于管理一个组织的内部事务”这一意义〔Faliscan〕The language of this people, closely related to Latin and known from place and personal names and from inscriptions.法利希语：与拉丁文相近，由其地名、人名和碑文得知的法利希语言〔Narragansett〕[From a Narragansett place name] [源自纳拉甘塞特地名] 〔bent〕from Old English beonet [attested only in place names] 源自 古英语 beonet [仅限于地名] 〔index〕An alphabetized list of names, places, and subjects treated in a printed work, giving the page or pages on which each item is mentioned.索引：按字母顺序排列的人名、地名和印刷品内容名称，并在每个后面注上页码〔gazetteer〕A geographic dictionary or index.地名辞典：地理学的辞典或索引〔Pictish〕The language of the Picts, of uncertain affiliation, known chiefly from place names and extinct by the tenth century.皮克特语：皮克特人的语言，从属关系不确定，主要因一些地名而为人所知，10世纪时消失〔toponymy〕The study of such place names.地名学：对这些地名的研究〔Zapotec〕from Tzapotlān [place name] 源自 Tzapotlān [地名] 〔Penobscot〕[From a Penobscot place name] [源于一个佩诺布斯科特地名] 〔burg〕Probably from -burg in place names, such as Plattsburg, Harrisburg 可能源自 -burg 地名，如 普拉茨堡，哈里斯堡 〔misnomer〕An error in naming a person or place.叫错名称：在叫某人名字或某一地名时犯的错误〔toponymy〕The place names of a region or language.地名：某地区或某语言的名字〔Celtiberian〕The language of this people, known from place and personal names and from inscriptions.凯尔伊比利亚语：从地名、人名及铭文上所了解的这个民族的语言〔Xanadu〕After Xanadu, , a place in "Kubla Khan,” a poem by Samuel Taylor Coleridge 源自 美丽的庄园 ，撒母尔·泰勒·柯尔雷基诗作《忽必烈汗》中的一处地名 |
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