| 单词 | 地方性 |
| 释义 | 〔autonomous〕Self-governing with respect to local or internal affairs:（区域性）自治的：对于地方性或内部事务自我管理的：〔ugly〕The standard sense of the adjectiveugly becomes figurative in the common expression an ugly temper. Regional American speech shares this figurative sense and makes it even more specific.In New Englandugly as applied to animals, especially large farm animals such as cows and horses, means "balky, hard to manage.”In the South, on the other hand,ugly with the specific sense of "rude" is used of persons: Don't be ugly, son. Interestingly, the wordclever (senses 4 through 6) follows the same regional pattern as ugly : in New England the specialized senses refer to animals; in the South, to persons.形容词ugly 的标准的意思在的表达 坏脾气 中变得借喻性了。 美国的地区性语言中都有这种比喻性意义并且使它更加具体化。在新英格兰ugly 被用于动物， 尤其是大型的家畜，如奶牛和马，其意思是“不好，很难控制”。在南部，另一方面，ugly 被用于人的具体意思为“粗鲁的”： 孩子，不要那么粗鲁。 有意思的是，单词clever （释义4到6）有着和 ugly 一样地方性形式： 在新英格兰，特指的意思用于动物；在南方用于人〔endemic〕diseases endemic to the tropics.See Synonyms at native 热带地区的地方性疾病 参见 native〔politics〕"All politics is local"(Thomas P. O'Neill, Jr.)"Politics have appealed to me since I was at Oxford because they are exciting morning, noon, and night"(Jeffrey Archer)“所有的政治都是地方性的”(小托马斯P.奥涅尔)“自从我呆在牛津以来政治就吸引了我，因为它们每天早晨、中午和晚上都是令人兴奋的”(杰弗里·阿切尔)〔enzootic〕Affecting or peculiar to animals of a specific geographic area. Used of a disease.地方性的：影响或特别作用于某一特定地区的动物的。用于疾病〔regionalism〕The use of regional characteristics, as of locale, custom, or speech, in literature or art.地方色彩：地方性特点，如事件的现场，风俗或话语在文学或艺术中的使用〔regionalism〕A feature, such as an expression, a pronunciation, or a custom, that is characteristic of a geographic area.方言词语：带方地方性特征的特色，如表达方式，发音或风俗〔ramada〕One of the words Spanish contributed to the English of the American Southwest isramada, a term for an open porch. Ramada can also mean an openwork trellis constructed over a walkwayonto which climbing plants are trained;this sense illustrates the derivation of the word from Spanishrama, meaning "branch"— henceramada, "arbor, mass of branches.” The suffix-ada in Spanish denotes "a place characterized by (something).” Ramada might have remained a relatively obscure regional wordwere it not for its adoption in the name of a national chain of motels.对美国西南部英语起作用的一个西班牙单词是ramada ， 它的意思是开敞的门廊。 Ramada 的另一个意思是修建于人行道上方的一种露天棚架，上面培植有攀援植物；这个意思显示了本词源于西班牙语中的rama ，意思是“枝杈”—— 因此ramada 有“藤架和一片枝杈”的含义。 后缀-ada 在西班牙语中指“具有（某物）特征的地方”。 Ramada 这个词后来被用到了一家全国性汽车连锁旅馆的名字里，否则它可能总是一个不起眼的地方性词汇〔municipal〕Issued on the authority of a local or state government.地方性的：由地方或国家政府行政管理机构颁布的〔vaudeville〕alteration of Old French vaudevire [occasional or topical light popular song] 古法语 vaudevire的变化 [临时的或地方性的轻松的流行歌曲] 〔endemic〕Prevalent in or peculiar to a particular locality, region, or people:地方性的：某一特定地方、地区或人群所特有的或普遍的：〔localize〕To make local:使具有地方性：〔provincialism〕The act or an instance of placing the interests of one's province before one's nation.地方主义；狭窄的地方观念：将个人的地方性利益放在国家利益之前的行为或情形〔provincialism〕A regional word, phrase, pronunciation, or usage.方言，土腔：地方性的用字、词组、发音或是习惯用语〔submarine〕The long sandwich featuring layers of meat and cheese on a crusty Italian roll goes by a variety of names.Submarine, sub, and hero are widespread terms, not assignable to any particular region.Most of the localized terms are clustered in the northeast United States,where the greatest numbers of Italian Americans live.Jane Stern, having studied the great variety of American names for this sandwich, finds that upstate New Yorkers call it abomber, while speakers downstate refer to awedge. In the Delaware Valley,including Philadelphia and southern New Jersey,the sandwich is called ahoagie. In Italian restaurants in New England the menu is likely to include agrinder. Speakers in Miami use the nameCuban sandwich and in Maine,Italian sandwich, but in the southern Midwest, according to Stern, the nameItalian is common, with both Italian and Italian sandwich recapturing the authentic nationality of the sandwich. In New Orleansthe same sandwich is called apoor boy and is likely to be offered in a most un-Italian version featuring fried oysters.在意大利长圆面包上放上几层肉和干酪而做成的长三明治，已有好几个名称。Submarine，sub 以及 hero 是使用最为广泛的名称， 而并非哪个地区的专用。这种三明治的大多数地方性名称集中于美国东北部地区，那里是居住意裔美国人最多的地方。简·斯特恩在对这种三明治的各种美国名称进行研究后发现，纽约州北部的居民称之为bomber（轰炸机） ， 而纽约州南部的居民称之为wedge（楔形物） 。 在特拉华河谷，包括费城和新泽西南部，这种三明治叫做hoagie 。 在新英格兰的意大利饭馆的菜单上，它称为grinder 。 迈阿密人则使用古巴三明治 这个名称， 而缅因州人使用意大利三明治 这个名称。 依据斯特恩的研究，在中西部的南部，人们普遍使用Italian（意大利式） 这一名称，或者就叫它 意大利式 ，或者称之为 意大利三明治 。这两个名称都反映了该三明治的原产国。 在新奥尔良，相同的三明治又叫做可怜的男孩 ， 而其做法绝对是非意大利式的，因为当中夹有牡蛎〔parochial〕Narrowly restricted in scope or outlook; provincial:眼界或视野狭窄的；地方性的：〔synagogue〕The Jewish religion as organized or typified in local congregations.犹太教：由地方性的犹太人会众组织或由他们代表的宗教〔vernacular〕Occurring or existing in a particular locality; endemic:地方性的：发生或存在于某一具体地方的；地方性的：〔localize〕To become local, especially to become fixed in one area or part.地方化：成为地方性的，尤指固定于某一区域或部分〔family〕A locally independent organized crime unit, as of the Cosa Nostra.家族：地方性的独立的罪犯组织，例如美国黑手党〔juke〕Gullah, the English-based Creole language spoken by Black people off the coast of Georgia and South Carolina,retains a number of words from the West African languages brought over by slaves.One such word isjuke, "bad, wicked, disorderly,”the probable source of the English wordjuke. Used chiefly in the Southeastern states,juke (also appearing in the compound juke joint ) means a roadside drinking establishment that offers cheap drinks, food, and music for dancingand often doubles as a brothel."To juke" is to dance,particularly at a juke joint or to the music of a jukebox whose name, no longer regional and having lost the connotation of sleaziness, contains the same word.格勒语是沿美国乔治亚洲和南卡罗来纳州海岸的黑人说的以英语为基础的克里奥耳语。该语言仍保留着一些由奴隶带过来的西非各种语言中的单词。其中之一就是juke ， 意为“坏的，邪恶的，杂乱无序的”，这可能就是英语单词juke 的词源。 主要在东南部各州使用的juke （也出现在复合词 juke joint 中）， 意为公路旁边供应廉价饮料、食物和跳舞的音乐，以及经常兼作妓院的小酒馆。"To juke"意为跳舞，尤其是在廉价小酒店里跳或伴着自动唱机里的音乐跳。这种投币或自动唱机的名称不再具地方性，也失去了低级庸俗的涵义〔niche〕"One niche that is approaching mass-market proportions is held by regional magazines"(Brad Edmondson)“正在接近群众市场比例的领域被地方性杂志占据着”(布拉德·埃德蒙森)〔Helena〕The capital of Montana, in the west-central part of the state north-northeast of Butte. It was founded in 1864 after the discovery of gold at Last Chance Gulch. Helena became the territorial capital after 1874 and the state capital in 1889. Population, 24,569.赫勒拿：美国蒙大纳州首府，位于该州的中西部地区，在巴特的东北偏北。在“最后的机会峡谷”发现金子之后，建于1864年。赫勒拿于1874年后成为地方性的首府，1889年成为州首府。人口24,569 |
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