| 单词 | 培根 |
| 释义 | 〔Bacon〕English-born American colonist who led Bacon's Rebellion (1676), in which a group of frontiersmen captured and burned Jamestown in an attempt to gain reforms and greater participation in the government of Virginia.培根，内森尼尔：(1647-1676) 美籍英裔殖民者，他发起了培根叛乱（1676年），即领导一群边境居民占领并焚烧了詹姆斯敦，试图赢得改革并在弗吉尼亚政府中取得更多的参政权〔body〕"my body to be buried obscurely" (Francis Bacon). “我的躯体将被悄然埋藏” （弗兰西斯·培根）。 〔sly〕"Cunning men pass for wise" (Francis Bacon).“狡猾的人也可算作智慧的人” （弗朗西斯·培根）。〔Baconian〕Of, relating to, or characteristic of the works or thought of the philosopher Francis Bacon.培根的：哲学家弗朗西斯·培根的思想的，与之相关的或有其特点的〔Bacon〕English friar, scientist, and philosopher whoseOpus Majus (1267) argued that Christian studies should encompass the sciences. 培根，罗杰：(1214?-1292) 英国男修道士，科学家和哲学家，他在《大著作》 （1267年）中论述了基督教研究应当包含科学 〔lincomycin〕An antibiotic derived from cultures of the bacteriumStreptomyces lincolnensis, used in the treatment of certain penicillin-resistant infections. 林肯霉素：从林肯链酶菌 的培根菌体中提取的一种抗菌素，用于治疗某种抗青霉素的感染 〔Berkeley〕English colonial governor of Virginia (1641-1649 and 1660-1677) whose policies led to Bacon's Rebellion (1676).贝克莱，威廉：(1606-1677) 美国弗吉尼亚州1641-1649年和1660-1677年间的英国殖民总督，其政策导致培根反叛事件（1676年）〔solitude〕"The worst solitude is to be destitute of sincere friendship" (Francis Bacon). “最可怕的孤寂就是完全没有忠诚的友谊” （弗朗西斯·培根）。 〔pensive〕"The Contemplative Atheist is rare . . . And yet they seem to be more than they are" (Francis Bacon).“喜欢深思的无神论者是很罕见的…他们看起来实际更喜欢思考” （弗朗西斯·培根）。〔Bacon〕Irish-born British painter best known for his portraits in which subjects are distorted and invested with feelings of terror.培根，弗朗西斯：(生于 1909) 英籍爱尔兰裔画家，以其扭曲变形并带有恐怖感觉的肖像画最为著名〔Aubrey〕English antiquarian and writer whoseBrief Lives, published posthumously, contains character sketches of his notable friends, including Thomas Hobbes, John Milton, and Francis Bacon. 奥布里，约翰：(1626-1697) 英国古董收藏家及作家，其作品《短暂的生命》 于逝世后发表，包括对其著名朋友的性格刻划，包括托马斯·霍布斯，约翰·密尔顿，及弗朗西斯·培根 〔Baconian〕A follower of the doctrines of Francis Bacon.弗朗西斯·培根学说的追随者〔distort〕"The human understanding is like a false mirror, which, receiving rays irregularly, distorts and discolors the nature of things by mingling its own nature with it" (Francis Bacon). “人的理解如同一面假镜子，无规律地接收光线，将自己的本质和事物的本质混合起来，从而歪曲和玷污了事物的本质” （富兰西斯·培根）。〔Baconian〕One who believes in the Baconian theory.相信培根理论的人〔Bacon〕English philosopher, essayist, courtier, jurist, and statesman. His writings includeThe Advancement of Learning (1605) and the Novum Organum (1620), in which he proposed a theory of scientific knowledge based on observation and experiment that came to be known as the inductive method. 培根，弗朗西斯：(1561-1626) 英国哲学家、随笔作家、朝臣、法理学家和政治家。其作品包括《论科学的价值和发展》 （1605年）和 《新工具论》 （1620年），在这部著作里他提出了以观察和实验为基础的科学认识理论，作为归纳法理论逐渐为人所知 〔crucial〕A crucial election is like a signpost because it shows which way the electorate is moving. The metaphor of a signpost, in fact, gives us the sense of the wordcrucial, "of supreme importance, critical.” Francis Bacon used the phraseinstantia crucis, "crucial instance,” to refer to something in an experiment that proves one of two hypotheses and disproves the other. Bacon's phrase was based on a sense of the Latin wordcrux, "cross,” which had come to mean "a guidepost that gives directions at a place where one road becomes two,”and hence was suitable for Bacon's metaphor.Both Robert Boyle, often called the father of modern chemistry, and Isaac Newton used the similar Latin phraseexperimentum crucis, "crucial experiment.” When these phrases were translated into English,they becamecrucial instance and crucial experiment. 决定性选举就象路标一样，因为它显示了全体选民的意向。路标这一比喻实际上向我们表示了crucial 这一词的意义“极其重要的，关键性的”。 弗朗西斯·培根曾用instantia crucis “关键性例子”这一词组来指在某一实验中证明两个假设之一正确和另一假设错误的东西。 培根的这一词组是基于拉丁语crux “十字形”的意思之上的， 它的意思为“在一条路分为两条岔路的地方用于指示方向的路标”，因此它适用于培根的这一比喻。通常被称为现代化学之父的罗伯特·博伊尔和艾萨克·牛顿都用过experimentum crucis “关键性实验”这一类似的拉丁语词组。 当这些词组被译成英语后，就成了crucial instance 和 crucial experiment 这两个词组 〔polite〕"If a man be gracious and courteous to strangers, it shows he is a citizen of the world" (Francis Bacon).“如果一个人对陌生人能温儒典雅，这表明他是一个世界公民” （弗朗西斯·培根）。〔Greene〕English writer noted for his plays, such asFriar Bacon and Friar Bungay (c. 1589). 格林，罗伯特：(1558?-1592) 英国作家，以其剧作如《弗里亚·培根和弗里亚·邦奇》 （1589年）而闻名 〔subtle〕"subtle smiles resulting from subjectively humorous experiences unguessed by the world at large"(Josephine Dodge Bacon)“来自于个人幽默的经验所发出的微笑，上的不为世人所能想象的到的令人费解的微笑”(约瑟芬·道奇·培根) |
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