| 单词 | 基本意思 |
| 释义 | 〔per〕Base of prepositions and preverbs with the basic meanings of "forward,” "through,” and a wide range of extended senses such as "in front of,” "before,” "early,” "first,” "chief,” "toward,” "against,” "near,” "at,” "around.”基于“向前，前方，” “穿越，经过”的介词和动词前的前缀的基本意思和各种衍生含意，如 “在…的前面,” “在…之前,” “早的,” “第一的,” “主要的,” “向，对于,” “反对，靠,” “接近，靠近,”“ 在…地方，向,” “在…周围，四处.”〔exorcise〕An oath is to be found at the etymological heart ofexorcise, a term going back to the Greek wordexorkizein, meaning "to swear in,” "to take an oath by,” "to conjure,” and "to exorcise.” Exorkizein in turn is formed from the prefixex-, "thoroughly,” and the verb horkizein, "to make one swear, administer an oath to,” derived from horkos, "oath.” Our wordexorcise is first recorded in English in a work composed possibly before the beginning of the 15th century, and in this useexorcise means "to call up or conjure spirits" rather than "to drive out spirits,” a sense first recorded in 1546.誓言在语源学中是exorcise 的基本意思， 而这个词又可以追溯到希腊语exorkizein， 后者意味着“宣誓”、“发誓”、“恳求”和“驱赶”。 Exorkizein 依次由含有“完全地”这个意思的前缀ex- 和含有“使发誓，在誓言约束下”这个意思的动词 horkizein 构成，后者源自 horkos “誓言”。 我们现在用的exorcise 最早在英文中的记录出自一本可能早于15世纪初写的一本著作中。 在当时，exorcise 通常意味着“召回灵魂”， 而不是1546年才最早记录到的“驱赶鬼魂”这个含义〔tortuous〕Althoughtortuous and torturous both come from the Latin word torquēre, "to twist,” their primary meanings are distinct.Tortuous means "twisting" ( a tortuous road ) or by extension "complex" or "devious.” Torturous refers primarily to torture and the pain associated with it. However,torturous also can be used in the sense of "twisted" or "strained,” andtortured is an even stronger synonym: 尽管tortuous 和 torturous 都来自同一个拉丁词 torquere （“弯曲”）， 但这两个词的基本意思完全不同。Tortuous 的意思是“弯曲的”( 一条蜿蜓的道路 )或引申为“复杂”或“迂回”的意思。 Torturous 主要指折磨、痛苦以及与之相关的意思。 不过，Torturous 同样也有“扭曲的”和“受压的”意思， 而tortured 是一个意思更为强烈的同义词： |
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