| 单词 | 基督教徒 |
| 释义 | 〔Valentine〕Roman Christian who according to tradition was martyred during the persecution of Christians by Emperor Claudius II. Another martyr named Valentine, who was bishop of Terni, a region in present-day central Italy, has also been suggested as the inspiration for our modern feast of Saint Valentine's Day.圣瓦伦丁：罗马基督教徒，据说他在皇帝克劳迪二世对基督教徒的审判中遇难，另一个叫圣瓦伦丁的遇难者是今天意大利中部地区的特尔尼的主教，他也被认为是我们当代圣瓦伦丁节日宴会的启示者〔church〕The company of all Christians regarded as a mystic spiritual body.教会：基督教徒组织，神秘的精神团体〔Sunday〕The Sabbath for many Christians.礼拜日：基督教徒的安息日〔christen〕from cristen [Christian] * see Christian 源自 cristen [基督教徒] * 参见 Christian〔Eliot〕English missionary in America who converted many Native Americans to Christianity and contributed toThe Bay Psalm Book (1640), the first book printed in New England. 埃利奥特，约翰：(1604-1690) 美裔英籍传教士，他把许多美国本土人转变成基督教徒并且是新英格兰出版的第一本书《荣誉赞美诗》 （1640年）的撰写人 〔Heteroousian〕A Christian who believes that the substance and nature of God the Father and God the Son are different; an Arian.本体互异论者：相信圣父与圣子的实体与本质不同的基督教徒；信奉阿里乌教义者〔credo〕The Apostles' Creed or the Nicene Creed.信经：基督教徒经或尼西亚信经〔Christian〕One who professes belief in Jesus as Christ or follows the religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus.基督教徒：以耶稣的生活和教诲为榜样，坚信耶稣是教世主或追随宗教的人〔Galerius〕Emperor of Rome (305-311). Despite a ruthless reign characterized by the persecution of Christians, he issued an edict of religious toleration shortly before his death.加莱里乌斯：罗马皇帝，虽实行以迫害基督教徒为特征的残酷统治，却在临死前发布了一个宗教信仰自由的敕令〔Tridentine〕Of or relating to an ecumenical council held by the Roman Catholic Church in Trent, Italy, from 1545 to 1563.特伦特主教会议的：属于或关于罗马天主教会在1545年至1563年期间，在意大利的特兰特举行的全基督教徒的会议的〔cretin〕from Latin Chrīstiānus [Christian] * see Christian 源自 拉丁语 Chrīstiānus [基督教徒] * 参见 Christian〔iconoclast〕An iconoclast can be unpleasant company,but at least the modern iconoclast only attacks such things as ideas and institutions.The original iconoclasts destroyed countless works of art.Eikonoklastēs, the ancestor of our word, was first formed in Medieval Greek from the elements eikōn, "image, likeness,” and -klastēs, "breaker,” fromklan, "to break.” The images referred to by the word are religious images,which were the subject of controversy among Christians of the Byzantine Empire in the 8th and 9th centuries, when iconoclasm was at its height.Those who opposed images did not, of course, simply destroy them, although many were demolished;they also attempted to have the images barred from display and veneration.During the Protestant Reformationimages in churches were again felt to be idolatrous and were once more banned and destroyed.It is around this time thaticonoclast, the descendant of the Greek word, is first recorded in English (1641), with reference to the Greek iconoclasts.In the 19th centuryiconoclast took on the secular sense that it has today, as in "Kant was the great iconoclast" (James Martineau).亵渎偶像者可能令人生厌，但至少现代的偶像毁坏者只是攻击思想和制度这类东西。最初的偶像破坏者却毁掉了无数的艺术作品。Eikonoklastes 最早见于中世纪希腊语，是我们现代词的前身，由 eikon 意为“图象，相象”和 -klastes 意为“毁坏者”组成， 它又来源于klan “打碎”的意思。 此词所说的肖像是指宗教的肖像，8至9世纪当毁坏偶像主义在拜占庭帝国盛行时，宗教偶像成为基督教徒中争执的焦点。反对宗教肖像的人尽管销毁了不少画像，但这并不是他们唯一的形式，他们也试图禁止偶像展览和偶像崇拜。在新教改革时期，教堂里的宗教画像再次被认为是盲目崇拜而遭到禁止和毁灭。正是在这一时期iconoclast 一词开始作为希腊语的衍生词在英语中出现， 第一次记录于1641年。到19世纪，iconoclast 一词开始有了现代的含意， 比如在“康德是一位伟大的传统叛逆者”（詹姆士·马提诺）〔Melkite〕A member of a Christian church using the Byzantine rite and belonging to the patriarchates of Alexandria, Antioch, or Jerusalem, especially a Uniat Christian.东仪天主教徒：采用拜占庭式仪式的基督教派之教徒，这些教派属亚历山大主教府、安提阿主教府或耶路撒冷主教府管辖，尤指合并教派之基督教徒〔traditor〕One of the early Christians who betrayed fellow Christians during the Roman persecutions.叛教者：在罗马人迫害期间出卖基督教徒的早期基督徒之一〔Barnabas〕Christian convert and missionary with Saint Paul to Cyprus and Asia Minor.巴拿巴：随同圣保罗去塞浦路斯和小亚细亚的基督教徒和使者〔credo〕The musical setting for the Apostles' Creed or the Nicene Creed, as in a choral Mass.圣乐：为基督教徒信经或尼西来信经配的乐曲，如弥撒合唱曲〔Nazarene〕A member of a sect of early Christians of Jewish origin who retained many of the prescribed Jewish observances.基督教徒：早期犹太起源的基督教徒的一派中的一员，保留了多规定的犹太教义〔Unitarian〕A monotheist who is not a Christian.不是基督教徒的信一神教者〔ethnic〕Relating to a people not Christian or Jewish; heathen.异教徒的：关于非基督教徒或犹太教徒的人的；异教徒的〔Galilee〕A region of northern Israel. The northernmost part of Palestine and the ancient kingdom of Israel, Galilee was the center of Jesus's ministry.加利利：以色列北部的一地区。在巴勒斯坦最北部和以色列的古王国，加利利是基督教徒的中心〔cretin〕from Vulgar Latin *christiānus [Christian, human being, poor fellow] 源自 俗拉丁语 *christiānus [基督教徒，人类，可怜的家伙] 〔credo〕Middle English [the Apostles' Creed] 中古英语 [基督教徒信经] 〔baptize〕To admit into Christianity by means of baptism.通过施洗礼而使成为基督教徒〔credo〕from Latin crēdō [I believe (the first word of the Apostles' Creed or the Nicene Creed)] [first person sing. present tense of] crēdere [to believe] * see kerd- 源自 拉丁语 crēdō [我相信（基督教徒信经或尼西亚信任的第一个词）] crēdere的第一人称单数现在时 [相信] * 参见 kerd- 〔crusade〕Often Crusade Any of the military expeditions undertaken by European Christians in the 11th, 12th, and 13th centuries to recover the Holy Land from the Moslems. 常作 Crusade 十字军远征：在11、12或13世纪欧洲的基督教徒为了从穆斯林手中收复圣地而发动的军事远征〔Decius〕Emperor of Rome (249-251) who was proclaimed emperor by his soldiers against his will. His reign was marked by severe persecution of Christians.德西乌斯：罗马帝国皇帝(249-251年），由部下拥立称帝。在位期间残酷迫害基督教徒〔Christendom〕cristen [Christian] * see Christian cristen [基督教徒] * 参见 Christian〔communion〕A body of Christians with a common religious faith who practice the same rites; a denomination.教派：实行相同礼拜式且有共同宗教信念的基督教徒团体；宗派〔Cyprian〕Christian prelate and martyr who led Christians in North Africa during persecution by the Roman emperors Decius and Valerian.圣西普里安：基督教主教和殉教者，在受罗马皇帝德西乌斯和卫莱拉迫害期间，他曾在北非领导基督教徒〔Diocletian〕Emperor of Rome (284-305) who divided the empire into east and west (286) in an attempt to rule the territory more effectively. His desire to revive the old religion of Rome led to the last major persecution of the Christians (303).戴克里先：罗马皇帝（284-305年），为试图更有效地控制帝国将其分为东西两个帝国（286年）。其恢复罗马宗教的愿望导致了最后对基督教徒的严重迫害（303年）〔advent〕The period beginning on the fourth Sunday before Christmas, observed by many Christians as a season of prayer, fasting, and penitence in preparation for Christmas.降临节：从圣诞节前第四个星期日开始的一段时间，许多基督教徒在此期间祈祷，斋戒及忏悔以迎接圣诞节的到来〔Unitarian〕A Christian who is not a Trinitarian.不是信三位一体说的基督教徒〔Christendom〕Christians considered as a group.基督教徒的总称〔Mozarab〕One of a group of Spanish Christians who adopted certain aspects of Arab culture under Moslem rule but practiced a modified form of Christian worship.莫扎勒布：穆斯林统治时期的一些西班牙基督教徒，他们采用穆斯林戒律统辖的阿拉伯文化的某些方面但仍按修改过的基督教徒方式做礼拜〔liberalism〕A 19th-century Protestant movement that favored free intellectual inquiry, stressed the ethical and humanitarian content of Christianity, and de-emphasized dogmatic theology.自由主义神学：19世纪一场新教活动，其主张自由的理性研究，强调基督教徒间伦理和人道的一致，而不强调教条的神学理论〔Sabbath〕The first day of the week, Sunday, observed as the day of rest and worship by most Christians.安息日：大多数基督教徒把一周的第一天-星期日作为休息和拜神的日子即安息日 |
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