| 单词 | 基础 |
| 释义 | 〔Schlegel〕German scholar who wrote influential criticism, translated several Shakespearean works, and composed poetry. He also edited a literary magazine with his brotherFriedrich (1772-1829), a philosopher, poet, and critic whose essays formed the intellectual basis of German romanticism. 席雷格尔，奥古斯特·威廉·冯：(1767-1845) 德国学者，著有具有影响性的评论文章，翻译过数部莎士比亚的作品，并作有诗歌。他还与他兄弟弗里德里奇 (1772-1829年）共同编辑一本文学杂志。弗里德里奇是一位哲学家、诗人和批评家，其文章构成了德国浪漫主义的唯智论基础 〔Actium〕A promontory and ancient town of western Greece. In 31b.c. it was the site of Octavian's victory over Mark Antony and Cleopatra. The battle established Octavian (later Augustus) as the ruler of Rome. 亚克兴角：希腊西部一海角和古镇公元前 31年，屋大维在此战胜迈克·安东尼和克利奥佩特拉。这场战役为屋大维（后来的奥古斯都）成为罗马统治者打下了基础 〔scholasticism〕Often Scholasticism The dominant western Christian theological and philosophical school of the Middle Ages, based on the authority of the Latin Fathers and of Aristotle and his commentators. 常作 Scholasticism 经院哲学：一个中世纪占统治地位的西方基督教神学和哲学派别，其权威的基础为拉丁神父和亚里斯多德及他的评论家〔Broglie〕French physicist who demonstrated (1927) that particles exhibit wavelike properties, thus establishing the field of wave mechanics. He won a 1929 Nobel Prize.德布罗意，路易斯·维克托·德：(1892-1987) 法国物理学家，1927年证明粒子有波动性质，因而奠定了波动力学的基础。1929年获诺贝尔奖〔cornerstone〕An indispensable and fundamental basis:不可分割且根本性的基础：〔Tyndale〕English religious reformer and martyr whose translation of the New Testament was the basis of the King James Bible.廷德尔，威廉：(1494?-1536) 英国宗教改革家和殉教者，他对新约的翻译是詹姆士也一世钦定圣经的基础〔Macbeth〕King of Scotland (1040-1057) who ascended the throne after killing his cousin King Duncan (died 1040) in battle. Legends of his rise to power and reign are the basis of Shakespeare's tragedyMacbeth. 马克白：苏格兰国王(1040-1057年），在一次战斗中杀死其表兄国王邓肯（卒于1040年）后即位。他夺权和统治的传说构成了莎士比亚《马克白》 的主要基础 〔Avesta〕Middle Persian apastāk [the basic (text)] 中古波斯语 apastāk [基础（书）] 〔Natal〕A region of southeast Africa on the Indian Ocean. First sighted by Vasco da Gama on Christmas Day 1497 and namedTerra Natalis, it was acquired by the British in the 1820's and 1830's and settled by the Boers after 1836. Natal became a British colony in 1843 and was later a separate colony (after 1856) and then a founding province of the country of South Africa (1910). 纳塔尔省：印度洋边非洲东南部的一个地区。最先被凡斯科·达·伽马于1497圣诞节那一天发现，并且命名为特拉· 纳塔利斯 ，在19世纪20年代和30年代归于英国。1836年后被伯尔斯占据，纳塔尔在1843年成为英国的殖民地，不久成为一个独立的殖民地(1856年以后），以后又成为南非国家的基础省(1910年） 〔Galton〕British scientist whose bookHereditary Genius (1869) laid the foundations for the science of eugenics. 加尔东，弗朗西斯：(1822-1911) 英国科学家，他的书《遗传本质》 （1869年）奠定了优生学的基础 〔underlying〕Basic; fundamental.基础的；基本的〔Dana〕American scientist whose textbooks established him as the foremost geologist of his time.达纳，詹姆斯·德怀特：(1813-1895) 美国科学家，他的教科书为他成为那个时代一流的地质学家奠定了基础〔foundation〕The basis on which a thing stands, is founded, or is supported.See Synonyms at base 1地基：物体存在的基础、建立房屋的地基或支撑物体的底座 参见 base1〔linkage〕A negotiating policy of making agreement on one issue dependent on progress toward another objective.关联原则：一种协商政策，对某一条款的同意是建立另外一个目标进程基础之上的〔simple〕Being a fundamental or rudimentary element; basic.基本的：根本或基本元素的；基础的〔Dewey〕American philosopher and educator who was a leading exponent of philosophical pragmatism and rejected traditional methods of teaching by rote in favor of a broad-based system of practical experience.德威，约翰：(1859-1952) 美国哲学家，教育家，是哲学实用主义的倡导者，通过生搬硬套实践经验的广泛基础抵制传统的教育方式〔Asimov〕Russian-born American scientist and prolific writer whose works include popular explanations of scientific principles and volumes of science fiction, includingThe Foundation Trilogy (1963). 阿西莫夫，艾萨克：(1920-1992) 俄裔美国科学家和多产作家。其作品包括科学原理的通俗解释和科幻卷，包括《基础三部曲》 （1963年） 〔par〕An equality of status, level, or value; equal footing:同等：地位、水平或价值相等；相同的基础：〔nonpartisan〕Based on, influenced by, affiliated with, or supporting the interests or policies of no single political party:超党派的：不是建立在单个的政治党派基础之上的、不受其影响的、与其无关的或不支持其利益或政策的：〔Talmud〕The collection of ancient Rabbinic writings consisting of the Mishnah and the Gemara, constituting the basis of religious authority in Orthodox Judaism.犹太教法典：古代拉比著作的合集，包括《密西拿》和《革马拉》，构成了正统犹太教中宗教权威的基础〔bedrock〕The very basis; the foundation:基础；基本原则：〔pile〕A heavy beam of timber, concrete, or steel, driven into the earth as a foundation or support for a structure.桩：木头、水泥或钢的重梁，固定在地上作为某一结构的基础或支撑〔bonding〕The attachment process occurring between a parent and offspring that usually begins at the time of birth, is the basis for further emotional affiliation, and influences the child's physical and psychological development.代际联系：父母与后代之间亲密关系的形成过程，常常在孩子出生时就开始，是更深的感情联系的基础，影响着孩子的生理和心理发育〔radical〕Arising from or going to a root or source; basic:根本的，根源的：产生于或到达根部或源泉的；基础的：〔epistemology〕The branch of philosophy that studies the nature of knowledge, its presuppositions and foundations, and its extent and validity.认识论：哲学的一个分支，研究知识的本质，先决条件和基础及其程度和效力〔postulate〕Something assumed without proof as being self-evident or generally accepted, especially when used as a basis for an argument:假定，假设：未加证明而假定某事成立或为公认的事物，尤指用来作为论述基础者：〔Brandeis〕American jurist who served as an associate justice of the U.S. Supreme Court (1916-1939). His opposition to monopolies and defense of individual human rights formed the basis of many of his high court decisions.布兰德斯，路易斯·德莫比茨：(1856-1941) 美国法官，曾任美国最高法院陪审法官（1916-1939年）。他反对垄断，护卫个人权利，并以此作为他众多高等法庭判决的基础〔wit〕 Wit implies intellectual keenness and the ability to perceive and express in a diverting, often pointed way analogies between essentially dissimilar things;humor, on the other hand, suggests the faculty of recognizing what is amusing, comical, incongruous, or absurd and using it as the basis for expression: Wit 暗指学术上的敏锐，和能够发现基本上不相似的事物之间的对比且能用一种令人发笑且通常尖锐的方式表达的能力；另一方面humor 暗指能够发现令人发笑，喜剧化的、不协调的或荒谬的东西且能把它当作表达基础的能力： 〔edifice〕observations that provided the foundation for the edifice of evolutionary theory.观察为进化论的理论大厦打下了基础〔base〕The fundamental principle or underlying concept of a system or theory; a basis.基本成份：一个系统或理论的基本要素或基本概念；基础〔basal〕Of, relating to, located at, or forming a base.基部的，基础的：基础的，或与基础有关的〔methodology〕Methodology can properly refer to the theoretical analysis of the methods appropriate to a field of study or to the body of methods and principles particular to a branch of knowledge.In this sense,one may speak ofobjections to the methodology of a geographic survey (i.e., objections dealing with the appropriateness of the methods used) or of themethodology of modern cognitive psychology (i.e., the principles and practices that underlie research in the field). In recent years, however,methodology has been increasingly used as a pretentious substitute for method in scientific and technical contexts, as inThe oil company has not yet decided on a methodology for restoring the beaches. This usage may have been fostered in part by the tendency to use the adjectivemethodological to mean "pertaining to methods,” in as much as the regularly formed adjectivemethodical has been preempted to mean "orderly, systematic.” But the misuse ofmethodology obscures an important conceptual distinction between the tools of scientific investigation (properly methods ) and the principles that determine how such tools are deployed and interpreted—a distinction that the scientific and scholarly communities, if not the wider public,should be expected to maintain.Methodology 可指对一个学科的研究方法进行的理论分析， 也可指一个学科特有的一整套方法与步骤。在这种意义上，人们可以说对于一个地理调查所用方法提出的异议 （即，关于所用方法是否适当所提的异议）， 也可以说现代认知心理学的研究方法 （即，形成一门学科的研究基础的原则和方法）。 然而，近些年来，在科学、技术语境中，methodology 越来越多地被用做颇带炫耀夸张色彩的 method 的替换词， 如说石油公司尚未决定恢复海滩环境的方法。 这种用法可能部分地起因于用形容词methodological 来表示“与方法有关的”意思的倾向， 因为用常规方法构成的形容词methodical 已先行意味着“有序的，有系统的”。 但是methodology 的这种错误用法模糊了一个重要的概念区分，那就是科学研究的方法（正确的说法应是 methods )和决定这些方法如何运用和阐释的原则之间的区分——这个区分， 如果不为更多的大众所认识，至少应为科学和学者圈子所坚持〔Isherwood〕British-born American writer best known for his portrayals of Berlin in the early 1930's in works such asGoodbye to Berlin (1939), which became the basis for the musical Cabaret (1966). 衣修午德，克里斯托弗·威廉·布雷德肖：(1904-1986) 英裔美国作家，因描写20世纪30年代早期的柏林而闻名，作品包括《再见了，柏林》 （1939年），这部书后来成为歌舞片 《歌厅》 （1966年）的基础 〔underpin〕To support from below, as with props, girders, or masonry.加强…的基础：从下面支撑，如用支柱、梁或砖石建筑〔heavy〕Of, relating to, or involving the large-scale production of basic products, such as steel:载重量大的：基础产品如钢的大批量生产的，与其有关的，涉及这方面的：〔working〕Serving as a basis or guide for further work:初步的：为进一步工作做基础或指导的：〔latifundium〕fundus [estate, base] fundus [财产，基础] 〔Hipparchus〕Greek astronomer who mapped the position of 850 stars in the earliest known star chart. His observations of the heavens form the basis of Ptolemy's geocentric cosmology.喜帕恰斯：希腊天文学家，曾绘制已知的最早的星象图，其中包括了850颗星星的位置，他对天空的观察奠定了托勒密的地心宇宙论的基础〔Ogden〕British psychologist and educator who designed Basic English, a simplified form of English made up of 850 words.奥格登，查尔斯·凯：(1889-1957) 英国心理学家和教育家，设计了基础英语-由850个词组成的简化英语形式〔dharma〕One of the basic, minute elements from which all things are made.组成：构成所有事物的基础的微小单元 |
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