| 单词 | 士兵 |
| 释义 | 〔salary〕from Latin salārium [money given to Roman soldiers to buy salt] [from neuter of] salārius [pertaining to salt] 源自 拉丁语 salārium [付给罗马士兵买盐的钱] 源自salārius的中性词 [与盐有关的] 〔rifleman〕A soldier equipped with a rifle.步兵：装备有步枪的士兵〔awe〕We felt awe when contemplating the works of Bach. The imprisoned soldiers were in awe of their captors.当注视巴赫的作品时，我们肃然起敬。这些被关押的士兵对俘虏他们的人非常惧怕〔Hutten〕German humanist and soldier whose works show strong opposition to the authority of the pope.胡滕，乌尔里希·冯：(1488-1523) 德国人文主义者和士兵，他的作品表现出了对教皇权威的强烈反对〔Howard〕English poet and soldier remembered for his sonnets and his translations of two books of Virgil'sAeneid. In 1547 he was falsely charged with treason and executed. 霍华德，亨利：(1517?-1547) 英国诗人及士兵，因他的十四行诗和他所翻译的两卷维吉尔的《伊尼亚特》 而著名。1547年，他被误判犯有叛国罪而被处死 〔happen〕Woe betide the poor soldier.不幸降临于可怜的士兵身上。〔police〕The soldier or soldiers assigned to a specified maintenance duty.内务值勤人员，勤务兵：被指派负责某一特定维持任务的士兵或士兵们〔cushy〕Sincecushy has such an informal, breezy, American ring, it is difficult to believe that it is an import, as some etymologists claim.Members of the British army in India are supposed to have picked up the Anglo-Indian version of the Hindi word±hūush, meaning "pleasant,” to which the suffix-y, as in empty and sexy, was added, thus forming a new English word. Cushy, however, is actually first recorded in a letter from the European battlefront during World War I. This fact, in conjunction with our inability to find an Anglo-Indian source,casts some doubt on the Hindi or Anglo-Indian origin ofcushy. Two other possibilities are thatcushy is a shortening of cushion with the -y suffix or that it is a borrowing of Frenchcouchée, "lying down; a bed.” 既然cushy 一词具有如此非正式的、愉快的美国意义， 很难相信某些词源学者所认为的说它是一个外来词。驻印度的英国军队士兵被认为是选用了印度英语±hūush 的英语说法，意思是“愉悦的”， 并如同empty 和 sexy 等词在其上加了 -y 这个后缀，从而形成了一个新英语单词。 然而，事实上cushy 一词却最先被记录在第一次世界大战期间发自欧洲战斗前线的一封信里。 这一事实，再加上我们无法找到其印度英语的词源，使我们对于cushy 一词源于印地语或印度英语的说法产生了某些怀疑。 另两种可能性，一种是cushy ，它是 cushion 的缩略形式再加上后缀 -y ； 另一种是法语couchee “躺下；床”的外来语 〔Knox〕American Revolutionary soldier who transported 55 captured British cannon from Fort Ticonderoga, New York, to Boston, where George Washington used them to force the British to evacuate the city (1776).诺克斯，亨利：(1750-1806) 美国独立战争中的士兵，他曾把在纽约泰孔德罗加要塞缴获的五十五门大炮运到了波士顿，乔治·华盛顿用这些大炮迫使英国军队撤出该城（1776年）〔gook〕Used as a disparaging term for a North Vietnamese soldier or guerrilla in the Vietnam War.东方人，黄种人：用作对在越南战争中北越士兵或游击队员的蔑称〔private〕One who holds this rank or a similar rank in a military or paramilitary organization.属二等兵阶级的士兵：军事或半军事性组织团体中持有这一军衔或类似军衔的人〔manipular〕A soldier in a Roman maniple.古罗马步兵支队中的士兵〔party〕A selected group of soldiers:军团：精选一组士兵：〔fatigue〕fatigues Clothing worn by military personnel for labor or for field duty. fatigues 工作服：士兵服杂役时穿着的衣服〔striker〕An enlisted person in usually intensive training for a naval technical rating.通常强烈培养为海军技术员的服役士兵〔fatigue〕Manual or menial labor, such as barracks cleaning, assigned to soldiers.劳务杂役：分派给士兵的一年一次或两次的杂役（如打扫军营）〔raid〕The members of an army traveling on a particularroad to carry out a raid probably would not draw a connection between the two words.However,raid and road descend from the same Old English word rād. Theai in raid represents the standard development in the northern dialects of Old English long a, while theoa in road represents the standard development of Old English long a in the rest of the English dialects. Old Englishrād meant "the act of riding" and "the act of riding with a hostile intent; that is, a raid,”senses that no longer exist for our wordroad. It was left to Sir Walter Scott to revive the Scots formraid with the sense "a military expedition on horseback.”The Scots weren't making all the raids, however.Others seem to have returned the favor,for we find these words in the Middle EnglishCoventry Leet Book : "aftur a Rode . . . made uppon the Scottes at thende of this last somer.”The "Rode" was led by the non-Scottish Duke of Gloucester, who was later crowned as Richard III, and Henry Percy, Duke of Northumberland.一支部队的士兵在某条road （路）上行进以发动一场 raid （袭击）， 这大概不会使这两个词之间产生什么联系。然而raid 和 road 这两个词源于古英语中的同一个词 rad 。 Raid 中的 ai 代表了古英语中北部发言中长 a 的标准发展， 而road 中的 oa 代表了其它地区古英语方言中长 a 的发展。 古英语中rad 的意思是“骑马的行动和出于敌意而骑马的行动； 也就是说，一次奇袭，”词意中不再有路 这个意思。 沃尔特·斯科特爵士又恢复了raid 这个词的苏格兰语形式， 其意思是“马上的远征”。然而，奇袭并不只是由苏格兰人发动。别人似乎也保留了对这个词的偏好，因为我们在中世纪英语的考文垂史料 中发现了这段话： “在去年夏末对苏格兰发动的奇袭之后…”。该“奇袭”是由后来被冠以查理三世的格洛斯特的非苏格兰公爵和诺森柏兰的亨利·珀西公爵领导的〔ranger〕Ranger A member of a group of U.S. soldiers specially trained for making raids either on foot, in ground vehicles, or by airlift. Ranger 突击队员，特别行动队队员：美国特殊训练的在地面，于地面交通工具或在空中执行特殊袭击任务的士兵〔grenadier〕A soldier who is a member of a special corps or regiment.精锐部队，特别部队的士兵：属于特殊部队或团队的士兵〔Nepos〕Roman historian whose only extant work is a series of biographies of statesmen and soldiers.内波斯，科尔内留斯：(1世纪) 罗马历史学家，其仅存的著作是一系列政治家和士兵的传记丛书〔position〕An area occupied by members of a force for a strategic purpose:军事战略位置：为战略目的而被军队士兵占据的地区：〔fusilier〕A soldier in any of certain British army regiments formerly armed with fusils.英国燧发枪团士兵：从前以燧发枪装备的一种英国武装团的士兵〔drill〕The training of soldiers in marching and the manual of arms.操练士兵：对士兵进行前进和使用武器的训练〔complement〕The full crew of officers and enlisted personnel required to run a ship.船上定员：行驶船舶所要求配备的全体官员和在编士兵〔galloglass〕oglach [soldier] from ōg from Old Irish ōac * see yeu- oglach [军人，士兵] 源自 ōg 源自 古爱尔兰语 ōac * 参见 yeu- 〔obedient〕an obedient soldier.服从命令的士兵。〔grunt〕"They were called grunts . . . They were the infantrymen, the foot soldiers of the war"(Bernard Edelman)“他们被称为格朗茨…也就是步兵，战争中徒步作战的士兵”(伯纳德·埃德尔曼)〔Agricola〕Roman soldier and politician who as governor of Britain (77-84) brought most of its inhabitants under Roman control. He also circumnavigated Britain, thereby discovering it to be an island.阿古利可拉，格纳尤斯·尤利乌斯：() 罗马士兵和政治家，在其任英国总督期间（77-84年）把大部分居民置于罗马统治之下。他还曾环绕不列颠航行，由此发现它是一个岛屿〔induction〕A ceremony or formal act by which a person is inducted, as into office or military service.就职，就职仪式：就任官职或士兵入伍的仪式或正规行为〔Agrippa〕Roman soldier and statesman who commanded the fleet that defeated the forces of Mark Antony and Cleopatra at Actium (31).阿格里帕，马库斯·维皮萨谬斯：(63-12) 罗马士兵和政治家，曾率领舰队于公元前31年在亚克兴角打败了马克·安东尼和克娄巴特拉的军队〔separate〕"a priest and a soldier, two classes of men circumstantially divorced from the kind and homely ties of life" (Robert Louis Stevenson).See also Synonyms at distinct ,single “神父和士兵，两个阶层的人事实上从生活中仁慈和家常的关系方面分开” （罗伯特·路易斯·斯蒂文森） 参见同义词 distinct,single〔tattoo〕A signal sounded on a drum or bugle to summon soldiers or sailors to their quarters at night.归营号：一种用鼓或军号奏出的命令士兵或水兵在夜晚返回其驻地的信号〔enlisted〕Of, relating to, or being a member of a military rank below a commissioned officer or warrant officer.士兵的：低于军官或一级准尉的军人阶级的或其相关的〔bistro〕According to a popular story,bistro came into existence as a French word when Russian soldiers entered Parisian restaurants and cafés after the fall of Napoleon in 1815 shouting "bystro, bystro,” Russian for "quickly, quickly.” Bistros seem to have been named not for this desire for quick servicebut possibly for a commodity to be found in at least some of them,since the French wordbistro may be related to the word bistouille, "raw spirits, rotgut.” Another possibility is that the wordbistro comes from the dialectal word bistraud, "young cowherd.” In Standard French the term may have come to mean "wine merchant's helper" and then "an establishment selling wine.”Although the French wordbistro is first recorded in 1884, evidence for the English wordbistro is not found until the early 1920's. 根据传说，bistro 原是一个法国词而产生的，当1815年拿破仑失败后俄国士兵进入巴黎饭馆和咖啡店，就叫嚷着 "bistro，bistro，” 俄语的意思为“快点，快点”。 “酒馆”似乎是因这种要求快速服务的愿望而得名，但可能是源于在酒馆中至少可以找到的一种商品，因为法国词bistro 可能与另一个意为“生酒，劣等烧酒”的词 bistouille 有关。 另一种可能是bistro 一词来自方言 bistrand， 意为“年轻的放牛娃”。 在标准法语中该词可能指“酒商的助手”，后来指“卖酒的企业。”虽然法语bistro 一词在1884年最先有记载， 但英语bistro 一词直到19世纪20年代初期才有出现的迹象 〔sutler〕An army camp follower who peddled provisions to the soldiers.随军小商贩：跟随军营向士兵兜售物品的人〔Straus〕Austrian-born French composer noted for his operettas, includingThe Chocolate Soldier (1908). 施特劳斯，奥斯卡：(1870-1954) 奥地利裔法国作曲家，以他的轻歌剧著名，包括《巧克力士兵》 (1908年） 〔envious〕"At times he regarded the wounded soldiers in an envious way. . . . He wished that he, too, had a wound, a red badge of courage"(Stephen Crane)See Synonyms at jealous “有时侯，他竟羡慕那些受伤的士兵…他希望他也有一处伤口，一枚红色英勇勋章”(斯蒂芬·克兰) 参见 jealous〔gyrene〕A member of the U.S. Marine Corps.美国海军陆战队士兵〔marine〕A soldier serving on a ship or at a naval installation.海军士兵：在军舰或海军设施中服役的士兵〔beneficiary〕from Latin [soldier granted privileges] 源自 拉丁语 [享受特权的士兵] |
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