| 单词 | 处决 |
| 释义 | 〔tumbrel〕A crude cart used to carry condemned prisoners to their place of execution, as during the French Revolution.死囚押送车：一种载着被判了死刑的人赶赴处决地的粗糙车辆，如用在法国大革命期间的车辆〔dispatch〕The act of putting to death.杀死、处决：处决的行为〔Cecil〕English statesman and chief adviser to Elizabeth I. He persuaded the queen to execute Mary Queen of Scots.西塞尔，威廉：(1520-1598) 英国政治家，伊丽莎白一世的首席顾问。他说服女王处决了苏格兰的玛丽女王〔Ciano〕Italian fascist politician. Married (1930) to the daughter of Benito Mussolini, he urged Italy to join the Axis powers in World War II but later favored a separate peace with the Allies. Among those who called for Mussolini's resignation, he was tried for treason and executed on Mussolini's orders.齐亚诺，加利佐：(1903-1944) 意大利法西斯党的政治家。1930年同贝内托·墨索里尼的女儿结婚，在第二次世界大战中他极力主张意大利加入轴心国组织，但后来又赞成与同盟国单独讲和。 在那些呼吁墨索里尼退位的人中，他被判叛国罪由墨索里尼下令处决〔dispatch〕To put to death summarily.立即处死：迅速地杀死、处决〔execution〕The act or an instance of putting to death or being put to death as a lawful penalty.处决：作为合法的刑罚，判处或被判处死刑的行为或例子〔Danton〕French Revolutionary leader who took part in the storming of the Bastille (1789) and supported the execution of Louis XVI (1793) but was guillotined the following year for his opposition to the Reign of Terror.丹东，乔治斯·雅克：(1759-1794) 法国革命领袖，他参加了巴士底大暴动(1789年），并支持过路易十六的处决(1793年），但在第二年因反对恐怖统治而被送上断头台〔Eichmann〕German Nazi official who as head of the Gestapo's Jewish section (1939-1945) was chiefly responsible for the murder of millions of Jews during World War II. After the war he fled to South America, was captured by the Israeli secret service (1960), and was tried and executed in Israel.艾希曼，阿道夫：(1906-1962) 德国纳粹军官，盖世太保的犹太部门的头目（1939-1945年），对于在第二次世界大战中数以百计的犹太人的被杀负有重要责任，战后逃往南美，在1960年被以色列秘密组织逮捕，在以色列被审判和处决〔Cavell〕British nurse who remained in Brussels after the German occupation (1915) to help smuggle Allied troops to the Dutch border. She was caught by the Germans and executed.凯文，埃迪斯·路易萨：(1865-1915) 在德国占领（1915年）后留在布鲁塞尔的英国护士，帮助盟军潜逃至荷兰边境。后被德国人俘虏并处决〔Kolchak〕Russian admiral of the Black Sea fleet during World War I. He led the White Russians against the Bolsheviks after the October Revolution (1917). Recognized by the Allies as the head of the provisional Russian government (1918-1920), he was captured and shot by the Bolsheviks.高尔察克，亚历山大·瓦西里耶维奇：(1874?-1920) 一战期间俄罗斯黑海舰队的司令，在十月革命以后（1917年），他率领俄罗斯白军与布尔什维克作战。他得到同盟国承认的俄国临时政府的首领地位（1918-1920年），后来被布尔什维克俘虏并处决〔guillotine〕"At half past 12 the guillotine severed her head from her body.”So reads the statementcontaining the first recorded use ofguillotine in English, found in theAnnual Register of 1793. The word occurs in a context clearly illustrating the function of theguillotine, "a machine with a heavy blade that falls freely between upright guides to behead a condemned person.” Ironically, the guillotine, which became the most notable symbol of the excesses of the French Revolution,was named for a humanitarian physician, Joseph Ignace Guillotin.Guillotin, a member of the French Constituent Assembly,recommended in a speech to that body on October 10, 1789,that executions be performed by a beheading device rather than by hanging, the method used for commoners, or by the sword, reserved for the nobility.He argued that beheading by machine was quicker and less painful than the work of the rope and the sword.In 1791 the Assembly did indeed adopt beheading by machine as the state's preferred method of execution.A beheading device designed by Dr. Antoine Louis, secretary of the College of Surgeons, was first used on April 25, 1792, to execute a highwayman named Pelletier or Peletier.The device was called alouisette or louison after its inventor's name,but because of Guillotin's famous speech,his name became irrevocably associated with the machine. After Guillotin's death in 1814,his children tried unsuccessfully to get the device's name changed.When their efforts failed,they were allowed to change their name instead.“十二点半，断头台斩落了他的头颅。”这句话如此写道。这是英语文章中第一次使用guillotine 这个词， 它出现在1793年的年度文摘 中。 该文中，该词清楚地体现了guillotine 的功用——“利用垂直向下砍落的重斧斩落犯人头颅的机器。” 令人啼笑皆非的是，这一成为法国大革命中恐怖暴行最显著标志的断头台，竟是因一个人文主义医生，约瑟夫·英格纳斯·吉约坦命名的。吉约坦是法国国民代表大会的成员，在1789年10月的一次发言中向大会提出，在处决犯人时以一种砍头的机器来代替处决普通犯人时所用的绞刑或是处决贵族时使用的宝剑。他认为用机器砍头比用绳子或宝剑快而且痛苦小。1791年，国民大会确实将用机器砍头定为国家处决犯人的方法。由外科医生院秘书长安东尼·路易医生设计的砍头装置在1792年4月25日处决拦路强盗佩尔蒂或佩尔捷时第一次使用。这个装置被称为路易塞特 或 路易森 ， 因由其发明者而得名。但是由于吉约坦那次著名的发言，他的名字不可避免地与这种机器联系在一起。1814年吉约坦死后，他的子孙试图为这种机器换个名字,但没有成功。当他们的努力失败后，他们得到允许，改换了自己的名字〔Surratt〕American alleged conspirator in Abraham Lincoln's assassination. She was convicted as a conspirator and executed along with three others, although it now appears that she knew nothing about the plot to kill the President.苏拉特，玛丽·尤金尼娅·詹金斯：(1820?-1865) 被指控为阿拉伯罕·林肯谋杀案同谋的美国人，她被作为同谋犯与其他三个人一道被定罪并处决，但现在看来她对杀害总统的阴谋一无所知 |
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