| 单词 | 复合词 |
| 释义 | 〔footed〕a footed sofa.Often used in combination: web-footed; four-footed. 有脚沙发。常有于复合词中： 蹼脚的；四条腿的 〔minded〕Directed or oriented toward something specified. Often used in combination:对…有兴趣的：指向或适应某一特定事物的。常用于复合词：〔lieutenant〕What is the connection between a lieutenant governor and a lieutenant in the army?In the etymology of the wordlieutenant, at least, the connection lies in their holding a place;that is, the wordlieutenant is from an Old French compound made up of lieu, "place,” and tenant, "holding,” the present participle of the verb tenir, "to hold.” The word in Old French and the borrowed Middle English wordlieutenant, first recorded near the end of the 14th century, referred to a person who acted for another as a deputy.This usage has survived,for example, in our termlieutenant governor, the deputy of the governor and the one who replaces the governor if need be. In military parlancelieutenant appears by itself as well as in compounds such asfirst lieutenant and second lieutenant, which muddy the water a bit,but the original notion of the word in military usage was that the officer it referred to ranked below the next one upand could replace him if need be.A lieutenant in the U.S. Army could thus step into the shoes of a captain.副州长和陆军中尉之间有什么联系?就lieutenant 这个单词的词源来说， 至少，联系在于他们都拥有一个位置；也就是说，lieutenant 这个词源于一个古法语复合词，这个词由 lieu （“场所”）和 tenant （“拥有”）及动词 tenir （“持有，拥有”）的现在分词组成。 古法语的这个词和借用的中古英语词lieutenant 的最早记录出现在14世纪末， 该词指的是代理别人做某事的人。这种用法至今仍使用，例如，我们的短语lieutenant governor（副州长） 州长的副职和必要时代替州长的人。 在军事用语中，lieutenant 单独出现， 也在复合词如first lieutenant 及 second lieutenants 中出现， 这把情况搞复杂了一些，但这个词在军事用语中的原始意义是它所指的军官低于上一级军官，在必要时可以取代他。因此，美国陆军中的一名中尉可以取代上尉〔tempered〕Having a specified temper or disposition. Often used in combination:气质的：有某种特定的性情或脾气的。通常用以构成复合词：〔wort〕A plant. Often used in combination:一种植物。常用于复合词：〔footer〕One that is an indicated number of feet in height or length. Often used in combination:身高…尺的人，长…尺的事物。常用于复合词：〔stemmed〕Provided with a stem or a specific type of stem. Often used in combination:有茎的、装有特殊柄的。常用于复合词：〔centered〕Having a specified center. Often used in combination:有确定中心的：有确定的中心的。常用于复合词中：〔crocodile〕The crocodile may owe its name to its resemblance to a much smaller creature, a lizard that lived in the stone walls of Ionia.This lizard's name,krokodilos, is thought to be a compound of krokē, "pebble, gravel,” and drilos, which is only attested as meaning "circumcised man" but is assumed to mean "worm" as well. According to Herodotus, Ionians in Egypt noted the resemblance, probably humorously, between basking crocodiles and their own "worm of the stones.”The modern form of Englishcrocodile represents a return to the Classical Latin spelling crocodīlus, Latin having borrowed the word from Greek.But other spellings occurred in Classical Greek and Latin, and one of these Latin spellings,cocodrillus, passed into Medieval Latin and Old French (cocodril ) and then into English, so that our earliest possible use of the word, in a work perhaps composed before 1300, is spelledcokedrille. It was not until the 16th century that the word came to have its present spelling.The various spellings met with in the history ofcrocodile reflect the same sort of variations that occurred in the history of alligator. 鳄鱼可能是因为与一种比它小得多的生物，即生长在爱奥尼亚的石墙中的蜥蜴外表相似而得名。这种蜥蜴的名字krokodilos 被认为是由 kroke （意为“卵石，砾石”）一词和 drilos 这一（只被证明有“受割的人”的意思但又被假定有“蠕虫”的意思的）词组成的复合词。 希罗多德认为，埃及境内的爱奥尼亚人可能出于幽默而记下了晒太阳的鳄鱼和他们本地的“石头中的蠕虫”之间的类似点。英语的crocodile 的现代形式反映了古拉丁语拼法 crocodilus 的回归， 拉丁语中的这个词是从希腊语中引入的。但是出现在古希腊语和古拉丁语中的其它拼法以及其中一种拉丁语拼法，cocodrillus ， 却进入到中世纪拉丁语和古法语(cocodril )中，然后又进入到英语中， 所以出现在可能写于1300年以前的一篇文章中的我们最早有可能使用该词时的拼法是cokedrille 。 直到16世纪，这个词才变成现在这种拼法。在crocodile 一词的演变历史中的多种拼法也反映了在 alligator 一词的演变历史中的相似变化 〔winded〕Having breath or respiratory power of a specified kind. Often used in combination:呼吸…的：呼吸…的，具有…样的肺活量的。通常用于复合词：〔pocketbook〕The link between the senses "billfold, purse,” and "pocket-sized book" of the wordpocketbook can be clarified with a little historical information. The compound is first recorded in 1617 in the sense of "a small book designed to be carried in a pocket.”It is only recently that such books have looked like the paperbound books we are familiar with;these early paperbacks were bound like any book but were smaller in size.The next recorded use ofpocketbook (1685) is again for a book designed to fit in the pocket but this time used for notes or memoranda.The same word was then applied to a case that was shaped like a bookand in which money or papers could be kept.Finally, the wordpocketbook was transferred to yet another container for keeping things, a purse or handbag,rarely fitting in the pocketand not necessarily shaped like a book.Pocketbook 一词的两种词义“钱夹，手袋”和“口袋大小的书”之间的关联通过一点历史知识予以澄清。 这一复合词在1617年被首次记录为“被设计放在口袋里携带的一本小书”的意思。只是到不久前这种书看上去才象我们所熟悉的纸质封皮的书籍；这些早期的纸皮书装订得除了大尺寸上小点之外与其它书都一样。Pocketbook (1685年）的下一个记录下来的用法又是指设计的以适合口袋大小的书， 但这次它却被用来做笔记或便笺。这一词后来又被用来指定形为本书一样的盒子，并且里面可以存放钱或纸张。最后，pocketbook 这个词又转指另一种存放物品的容纳物， 比如一只手袋或手提包，它很少会放得进口袋，形状也不一定象书。〔leaved〕Having a specified number or kind of leaves. Often used in combination:具有一特定数目或种类叶子的。常用于复合词中：〔blooded〕Having blood or a temperament of a specified kind. Used only in combination:有…血的，有…性情的。只用于复合词：〔fingered〕Having a finger or fingers, especially of a specific number, kind, or appearance. Often used in combination:有指的：有具手指的，尤指有特定数量、类型或外形的，常用于复合词：〔per〕Compound*pro-bhw-o- , growing well or straightforward ( *bhw-o- , to grow; see bheuə- ). ( probable ), probe , probity , ( proof ), prove ; approve , improbity , ( reprove ), from Latin probus , upright, good, virtuous. 复合词*pro-bhw-o- , 生长良好的或笔直的 ( *bhw-o- , 生长; 参见 bheuə-). ( probable ), probe , probity , ( proof ), prove ; approve , improbity , ( reprove ), 源自 拉丁语 probus , 诚实的, 优良的, 有品德的. 〔man〕A human being or an adult male human being belonging to a specific occupation, group, nationality, or other category. Often used in combination:特定类别的人：属于某一特定职业、集团、民族或其它种类的人或成年男子。通常用于复合词当中：〔finned〕Having a fin, fins, or finlike parts. Often used in combination:有鳍的：有鳍或鳍状的。常用于复合词中：〔scape〕A scene; a view. Often used in combination:景色：景色；风景。常用在复合词中：〔minded〕Having a specified kind of mind. Often used in combination:具有…头脑的：具有某种特定的头脑或思想的。常用于复合词：〔stringed〕Having strings. Often used in combination:有弦的：有弦的，常用于复合词：〔upo〕Probably compound*upo-st-o- . ( valet ), ( varlet ), vassal , from Vulgar Latin *vassus , vassal, from Celtic *wasso- , "one who stands under,” servant, young man ( *sto- , standing; see stā- ). 可能是复合词*upo-st-o- . ( valet ), ( varlet ), vassal , 源自 俗拉丁语 *vassus , 随从，部下, 源自 凯尔特语 *wasso- , “附属地站在一旁的人,” 佣人, 年轻男子( *sto- , standing; 参见 stā-). 〔headed〕Having a specified kind or number of heads. Often used in combination:有特定种类或数目的头的。常用于复合词中：〔head〕Of, relating to, or intended for the head. Often used in combination:头的：头的、关于头的或意指头的。常用于复合词中：〔trek〕Fans ofStar Trek and others may be interested to know that the wordtrek originally had to do with a slow journey by a very different mode of transportation, a wagon drawn by oxen. Trek was borrowed into English in South Africa, where the word was used by speakers of Afrikaans for a journey by ox wagon.The British, who at the turn of the century were to seize control of South Africa from the descendants of the original Dutch settlers,borrowed the wordtrek during the 19th century. Trek is recorded earliest in 1822 in the compound trektow, "a rope joining the wagon pole and the yoke to which oxen were fastened.”Trek in this compound is either the noun or the stem of the corresponding verb in Afrikaans, trekken. The earliest recorded use of the noun by itself is found in 1849,where it means "a stage in a journey by ox wagon.”The word has long since migrated from South African into general English—and into space travel.电影星际旅行 的影迷们和其他人可能很有趣知道： trek 这个词原来与一种非常与众不同的运输方式，即用牛拉马车所进行的一种很慢的旅行有关。 Trek 这个词在南非被借入英语， 在南非讲南非荷兰语的人用来指用牛车所进行的旅行。英国人在19世纪和20世纪之交从荷兰拓居者的后裔那里夺取了对南非的控制权，他们在19世纪借用了trek 这个词。 Trek 的最早记录在1822年出现于复合词 trektow 中， 其意指“连接车辕和系牛车轭的绳子”。Trek 在这个复合词中既作名词又作为其在南非荷兰语的对应动词 trekken 的词干。 这个词最早作为名词使用的记载是在1849年，那时这个词的意思是“一段用牛车进行的旅程”。这个词很早就从南非迁移到了一般的英语中，并且进入了星际旅行之中〔born〕Native to a particular country, region, or place. Often used in combination:…地方出生的：在某一特定国家、地区或地方出生的。常用于复合词：〔elect〕Elected but not yet installed. Often used in combination:选中的，选定的：选出而尚未就任的，常用于复合词中：〔wheeled〕Having wheels or a wheel. Often used in combination:有轮子的：有多个或一个轮子的，常用于复合词：〔chested〕Having a specified kind of chest. Often used in combination:胸的：有特定胸部的。常用于复合词：〔stalked〕Having a stalk or stem. Often used in combination:有茎或柄的常用在复合词中：〔storied〕Having or consisting of a specified number of stories. Often used in combination:有…层的：有或包括一定数目的楼层的常用于复合词中：〔willed〕Having a will of a specified kind. Often used in combination:具有…的意志的。通常用于构成复合词：〔gauge〕The interior diameter of a shotgun barrel as determined by the number of lead balls of a size exactly fitting the barrel that are required to make one pound. Often used in combination:口径：猎枪枪管的内部尺寸，以每磅圆铝弹数目表示，该铅弹恰好能装入枪管。常用于复合词中：〔natured〕Having a nature or temperament of a specified kind. Often used in combination:性情的：一特定种类的性格或性情。经常用于复合词中：〔hipped〕Having hips, especially of a given kind. Often used in combination:有…臀部的，多用在复合词中：〔tumbleset〕The Lower Southern wordtumbleset for somersault combines tumble with -set, which at first glanceseems not to have any relationship to-sault in somersault. However,-set is an old l -less variant of -sault (from Latin saltus, "a leap") that has been an alternative pronunciation throughout the word's history;hence, the variantsomerset. Somer- is an alteration of Old French sobre-, from Latin supra, "over.” In the wordtumbleset, as in a folk etymology, somer-, part of a compound word that no longer bears any meaning for the speakers, has been replaced bytumble, a word that makes more sense in the context. 替代somersault 一词的下南部词 tumbleset 是 tumble 和 -set 的组合。 乍一看，后缀-set好象与somersaut 中的 -sault 毫无联系。 然而，-set 却是不带 l 的 -sault （来自拉丁语 saltus ，“跳跃”，）的古老变体， 并一直是该词的替代读音；于是便有了somerset 这一变体。 somer- 是来自拉丁语 supra （“越过”）的古法语 sobre- 的变体。 就象在通俗语源学中一样，在tumbleset 一词中， somer- 作为不再为讲话者表达任何意义的复合词的一部分， 已经被一个在上下之中有更多意义的词tumble 所替代 〔smith〕A metalworker, especially one who works metal when it is hot and malleable. Often used in combination:锻工：炼金属工人，尤指当金属炽热可锻时进行工作的人。常常使用于复合词中：〔rounder〕A boxing match that goes on for a specified number of rounds. Often used in combination:多回合拳击赛：持续一定回合的拳击赛。常用以构成复合词：〔ok〕inveigle , from French aveugle , blind, from Gallo-Latin compound *ab-oculus , blind, modeled on Gaulish ex-ops , blind. inveigle , 源自 法语 aveugle , 盲人, 源自 法国拉丁语 复合词 *ab-oculus , 盲目的, 模仿 高卢语 ex-ops , 瞎的. 〔harebrained〕The first part of the compoundharebrained is often misspelled hair in the belief that the meaning of the word is "with a hair-sized brain" rather than "with no more sense than a hare.”Thoughhairbrained has a long history, this spelling is not established usage.复合词harebrained 的前半部分常被错拼为 hair ， 因为人们认为该词的含义更接近于“没什么头脑的”而不是“象野兔一样愚蠢的”。虽然后一种写法hairbrained 的产生已经有一段很长的历史， 但这种写法仍不是公认的用法〔weight〕The heaviness or thickness of a fabric in relation to a particular season or use. Often used in combination:厚薄度：织物关于季节用途而言的轻重或厚薄。常用以构成复合词： |
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