| 单词 | 复杂 |
| 释义 | 〔Szigeti〕Hungarian-born American violinist known especially for his interpretations of complex modern works, including compositions by Bartók and Prokofiev.西盖蒂，约瑟夫：(1892-1973) 匈牙利裔美国小提琴家，尤以对现代复杂的作品，包括巴尔托克及普罗科菲耶夫的乐章的演绎而著名〔civilization〕An advanced state of intellectual, cultural, and material development in human society, marked by progress in the arts and sciences, the extensive use of writing, and the appearance of complex political and social institutions.文明：人类社会知识、文化和物质发展的高级阶段，标志为艺术和科学上的发展、文字的广泛使用和复杂的政治及社会机构的出现〔heterotroph〕An organism that cannot synthesize its own food and is dependent on complex organic substances for nutrition.异养生物：不能合成自己所需的食物而依赖更复杂的有机实体获取养份的有机体〔labyrinth〕A group of complex interconnecting anatomical cavities.迷路：一群复杂相连的解剖腔〔neutralize〕"The [15th] Amendment nullifies sophisticated as well as simple-minded modes of discrimination" (Felix Frankfurter).“［第15号］ 修正案削弱了复杂而又简单的歧视情绪” （菲利克斯·弗兰克弗特）。〔elaborate〕the eye, a complicated organ;眼睛，复杂的器官；〔manage〕manage a complex machine tool. 控制复杂的机器用具〔complication〕A factor, a condition, or an element that complicates.复杂情况：一个复杂的因素、情形或元素〔explain〕tried to explain himself. Toelucidate is to throw light on something complex: 试图为他自己辩解。 Elucidate 意思是解释说明复杂的事物： 〔ant〕Any of various social insects of the family Formicidae, characteristically having wings only in the males and fertile females and living in colonies that have a complex social organization.蚂蚁：一种群体生活的蚁科昆虫，特征为只有雄蚁和生殖力强的雌蚁有蚁翅，生活在具有复杂群体组织的群落中〔conduct〕Manage suggests the manipulation or handling of a person, a group of persons, or, often, a complex organization: Manage 暗指对一个人、一群人或通常是一个复杂机构的操纵或控制： 〔tortuous〕tortuous legal procedures.复杂的法律程序〔reticular〕Marked by complexity; intricate.复杂的：因复杂性而显著的；复杂的〔german〕An intricate dance for many couples.日耳曼交际舞：由许多对男女参加的一种复杂的舞蹈〔hemicellulose〕Any of several polysaccharides that are more complex than a sugar and less complex than cellulose, found in plant cell walls and produced commercially from corn grain hulls.半纤维素：比糖复杂但没有纤维素复杂的几种多聚糖中的一种，在植物的细胞壁中发现，商业中由谷物的外壳制得〔weave〕To introduce (another element) into a complex whole; work in:编入：把（另外的因素）引进一个复杂的整体；把…穿插进去：〔ken〕complex issues well beyond our ken.复杂的问题超出我们的理解范围〔legalese〕The specialized vocabulary of the legal profession, especially when considered to be complex or abstruse.法律术语：法律行业时的特殊词汇，尤指当被认为是复杂而深奥难解的〔development〕The central meaning shared by these nouns is "a progression from a simpler or lower to a more advanced, mature, or complex form or stage": 这些名词共有的中心意思是：“从简单或低级到更高级、成熟或复杂的形式或阶段的进步”： 〔Nevelson〕Russian-born American sculptor whose massive works, often of wood, cast metal, and found objects, are characterized by complex and rhythmic abstract shapes.内韦尔松，路易丝：(1899-1988) 俄裔美国雕刻家，其大量作品常用木头、铸造金属和自然物体制作，以复杂且有韵律的抽象形状为特征〔cyanogen〕A univalent radical, CN, found in simple and complex cyanide compounds.氰基：一种单价基因，氯化苯乙酮，存在于简单的和复杂的氰化物中〔comprise〕"The word ‘politics’ . . . comprises, in itself, a difficult study of no inconsiderable magnitude"(Charles Dickens)See Synonyms at include “‘政治学’这个词本身就包含了复杂广大的学问”(查尔斯·狄更斯) 参见 include〔perplexed〕Full of complications or difficulty; involved.复杂的，杂乱的，难办的：充满抱怨或困难的；复杂的〔complicated〕Containing intricately combined or involved parts.复杂的：具有错综复杂的结合或混杂部分的〔dense〕Difficult to understand because of complexity or obscurity:晦涩难懂的：因为复杂或含糊而难以理解的：〔maze〕A graphic puzzle, the solution of which is an uninterrupted path through an intricate pattern of line segments from a starting point to a goal.迷宫：一种图谜，其答案是从起点出发到达终点的通过复杂图案的不间断道路〔lieutenant〕What is the connection between a lieutenant governor and a lieutenant in the army?In the etymology of the wordlieutenant, at least, the connection lies in their holding a place;that is, the wordlieutenant is from an Old French compound made up of lieu, "place,” and tenant, "holding,” the present participle of the verb tenir, "to hold.” The word in Old French and the borrowed Middle English wordlieutenant, first recorded near the end of the 14th century, referred to a person who acted for another as a deputy.This usage has survived,for example, in our termlieutenant governor, the deputy of the governor and the one who replaces the governor if need be. In military parlancelieutenant appears by itself as well as in compounds such asfirst lieutenant and second lieutenant, which muddy the water a bit,but the original notion of the word in military usage was that the officer it referred to ranked below the next one upand could replace him if need be.A lieutenant in the U.S. Army could thus step into the shoes of a captain.副州长和陆军中尉之间有什么联系?就lieutenant 这个单词的词源来说， 至少，联系在于他们都拥有一个位置；也就是说，lieutenant 这个词源于一个古法语复合词，这个词由 lieu （“场所”）和 tenant （“拥有”）及动词 tenir （“持有，拥有”）的现在分词组成。 古法语的这个词和借用的中古英语词lieutenant 的最早记录出现在14世纪末， 该词指的是代理别人做某事的人。这种用法至今仍使用，例如，我们的短语lieutenant governor（副州长） 州长的副职和必要时代替州长的人。 在军事用语中，lieutenant 单独出现， 也在复合词如first lieutenant 及 second lieutenants 中出现， 这把情况搞复杂了一些，但这个词在军事用语中的原始意义是它所指的军官低于上一级军官，在必要时可以取代他。因此，美国陆军中的一名中尉可以取代上尉〔juba〕A group dance, probably of West African origin, characterized by complex rhythmic clapping and body movements and practiced on plantations in the southern United States during the 18th and 19th centuries.朱巴舞：一种集体舞蹈，可能发源于西非，以复杂而有节奏的击掌和身体动作为特征，流传于18、19世纪时美国南部的种植园〔complexity〕The quality or condition of being complex.复杂：复杂的性质或状态〔jazz〕A style of music, native to America, characterized by a strong but flexible rhythmic understructure with solo and ensemble improvisations on basic tunes and chord patterns and, more recently, a highly sophisticated harmonic idiom.爵士乐：源于美国一种音乐风格，以强劲而不失灵活的节奏为特点，配以在基调下的弦乐即兴独奏和合奏、和声和近来愈加艰深复杂配器技巧〔ambiguous〕Those who do not appreciate Kafka's work say his style is obscure and too complex.那些不喜欢卡夫卡作品的人说他的风格晦涩并且过于复杂。〔Tyner〕American jazz pianist who introduced complex harmonies, scales, and African rhythms into American jazz, especially during his time with John Coltrane's quartet (1960-1965).泰纳，麦考依：美国爵士乐钢琴家，他把复杂的和声、音阶和非洲韵律引入美国爵士乐，特别是在与约翰·考尔特兰尼合作的四重奏期间（1960年-1965年）〔posit〕"If a book is hard going, it ought to be good. If it posits a complex moral situation, it ought to be even better"(Anthony Burgess)“如果一本书很难读，那么它应该是一本好书；如果它提出了一个复杂的道德状况，那么它就更应该是本好书了”(安东尼·伯吉斯)〔high〕Advanced in development or complexity:高等的，复杂的：发展程度或复杂度高的：〔structure〕The interrelation or arrangement of parts in a complex entity:体系：在复杂整体中各部份之间的内在联系或排列组合：〔check〕The wordscheck , chess , and shah are all related. Shah, as one might think, is a borrowing into English of the Persian title for the monarch of that country.The Persian wordshāh was also a term used in chess, a game played in Persia long before it was introduced to Europe.One saidshāh as a warning when the opponent's king was under attack. The Persian word in this sense,after passing through Arabic,probably Old Spanish, and then Old French,came into Middle English aschek about seven hundred years ago. Chess itself comes from a plural form of the Old French word that gave us the word check. Checkmate, the next stage after check, goes back to the Arabic phraseshāh māt, meaning "the king is stymied.”Through a complex development having to do with senses that evolved from the notion of checking the king,check came to mean something used to ensure accuracy or authenticity. One such means was a counterfoil, a part of a check, for example,retained by the issuer as documentation of a transaction.Check first meant "counterfoil" and then came to mean anything,such as a bill or bank draft, with a counterfoil—or eventually even without one.单词check ， chess 和 shah 是互相关联的。 Shah 就象有人可能想象的那样， 是英语里的外来词，原指波斯国王的称号。波斯词语shah 也是国际象棋中的术语， 国际象棋在被引进欧洲之前早就在波斯流传。当对手的“国王”受到攻击时我们说shah 作为一种警告。 这个意义的波斯单词，通过阿拉伯语，可能还有古西班牙语和后来的古法语，大约在七百年前被收入中世纪英语中chek 。 Chess 本身来自于古法语 check 的复数形式。 Checkmate ，是 check 的下一步， 来自于阿拉伯短语shah mat， 意思是“国王进退两难”。从对“国王”将军这个概念演化而来，check 的含义经历了复杂的发展过程，它后来指用以确保准确性或真实性的某种东西。 例如，其中一个含义是指作为支票的一部分的存根，由签发支票的人保留作为交易的单据。Check 最初是指“存根”， 后来指任何有存根的东西，如帐单或银行汇票等，最后甚至指没有存根的东西〔Schawlow〕American physicist. He shared a 1981 Nobel Prize for developing technologies to study complex forms of matter.肖洛，阿瑟·伦纳德：(生于 1921) 美国物理学家，他因发展对物质复杂形式的研究技术获得1981年诺贝尔物理奖〔yes〕The wordyes is a good example of how an ordinary and frequently used word can have a complex etymology. We can traceyes back to two Indo-European roots, .i-, a pronominal stem, and .es-, "to be.” From two extended forms of.i-, .yām and .yāi, came the prehistoric Common Germanic forms.jā and jai, which gave us Old Englishgeā, an affirmative particle, the source of Modern Englishyea. The Indo-European root.es- is the source of our forms am and is. From the stem.sī- used to make verb forms in the optative mood, a mood used to express a wish, came the Germanic form.sijai-, which gave us Old Englishsīe, "may it be so.” This form, unlike the sources ofam and is, died out, but before disappearing it had combined with Old Englishgēa to form the compound gēse, the ancestor of our wordyes. Thissīe was destined to have even more of a triumph. Until around 1600yea was used to respond to positive expressions, whereasyes was used to respond to negative expressions. After that timeyes became a response to both positive and negative expressions, yea surviving primarily in voice votes. yes 一词是说明一个普通常用词如何拥有一复杂词源的极好例证。 我们可以追溯yes 到两个印欧语词根， 代名词词干i- 和 es- “是”。 从i-的两种扩展形式，yam 和 yai， 形成了史前普通日耳曼语形式ja 和 jai, 它们又带来了古英语中的肯定虚词gea ， 这便是现代英语yea 的来源。 而印欧语词根es- 是我们 am 和 is 两形式的源头。 以is- ，一个用于制造祈愿语气动词的词干， 产生出日尔曼形式sijai-， 并由此形成了古英语sie, “希望如此”。 这种形式不象am 和 is 的词源，已经灭绝了， 但在消失之前，它已经和古英语gea 混合形成复合词 gese， 即我们的单词yes 的前身。 这个sie 注定要获取更大的胜利。 直至1600年左右，yea 还被用于回答肯定的陈述； 而yes 则用于回答否定陈述。 此后，yes 既可作肯定也可否定表达的回答， yea 则主要在口头投票时使用 〔crabbed〕Difficult to understand; complicated.难懂的；复杂的〔Asianization〕Development of more complex, integral relations among Asian nations, apart from external involvements.亚洲化：在没有外部干预的情况下亚洲各民族之间发展的更为复杂的，一统化的关系 |
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