| 单词 | 外交政策 |
| 释义 | 〔debut〕the debut of a new foreign policy.一个新的外交政策的出台〔boast〕"an elite that . . . vaunts diplomacy over national security concerns" (Jim Hoagland). “一个社会名流…出于国家安全考虑而夸耀其外交政策” （吉姆·郝格兰德）〔what〕Whenwhat is the subject of a clause, it may be construed as singular or plural, depending on the sense.It is singular when taken as the equivalent ofthat which or the thing which, as inI see what seems to be a dead tree; and it is plural when it is taken as the equivalent ofthose which or the things which, as inHe sometimes makes what seem to be gestures of aloofness. ? When awhat clause is itself the subject of a sentence, it may be construed as singular or plural,but the conditions governing this choice are somewhat more complicated.In general, awhat clause will be taken as a plural when the clause contains an explicit indication of its own plurality. There are two principal cases.First, the clause is plural ifwhat is the subject of the clause and the verb of the clause is itself plural: What seem to be two dead trees are blocking the road. What most surprise me are the inflammatory remarks at the end of his article. If the verb in thewhat clause does not anticipate the plural sense of the predicate in this way, a singular verb is generally used in the main clause as well,though the plural is sometimes found:What truly commands respect is (sometimes are ) a large navy and a resolute foreign policy. Second, thewhat clause is treated as plural when its predicate contains a plural noun phrase that unambiguously establishes the plurality of the clause as a whole, as inWhat traditional grammarians called "predicates" are called "verb phrases" by modern linguists. What the Romans established as military outposts were later to become important trading centers. In the absence of explicit plural marking of either of these types in a subjectwhat clause, the clause is usually treated as singular for the purposes of agreement, regardless of the sense:What she held in her lap was four kittens. What the apparent diamonds turned out to be was paste. In some cases, however, a clause withwhat as the subject may be treated as singular or plural, depending on a subtle distinction of sense. InWhat excite him most are money and power, the implication is that money and power are distinct elements; inWhat excites him most is money and power, the implication is that money and power are taken as constituting a single entity.See Usage Note at which 当what 作为从句中的主语时， 它既可被当作单数也可以为复数，这取决于词义。当被看作是that which 或 the thing which 时它就是单数， 如在I see what seems to be a dead tree（我看到个象棵死树的物体）” 这句话中； 当它被用作those which 或 the things which 的对应词时它是复数， 如在He sometimes makes what seem to be gestures of aloofness（他有时做一些似乎很超然的手势） 中。 当what 从句本身是句子的主语时， 它可被当作单数或复数，但决定这种选择的条件略为复杂些。总体上说，what 从句的含有对其数性明确指示时，它就可以将当作复数。 这有两种最主要的情况：首先，如果what 是从句的主语而该从句的谓语动词本身是复数，从句就是复数： What seem to be two dead trees are blocking the road.（象两棵死树的物体挡着路）； What mostsurprise me are the inflammatory remarks at the end of his article.（最令我吃惊的是他文章结尾处的煽动性言词） 。 如果what 从句的谓语动词并不预示谓语是复数， 主句中通常也用单数动词，尽管有时也可以发现有复数：What truly commands respect is（有时 are ) a large navy and a resolute foreign policy（真正博得尊敬的是强大的海军和坚定的外交政策） ； 其次what 从句在其谓语含有复数名词短语，并且其明显可建立整个从句的复数性时是被当作复数的， 如在What traditional grammarians called "predicates" are called "verb phrases" by modern linguists.（那些传统语法家所称为“谓语”的则被现代语言学家称作“动词短语”） What the Romans established as military outpostswere later to become important trading centers.（那些罗马人设为军事前哨基地的地方后来成为了重要的贸易中心）。 当what 从句主语缺乏这两类明确表示复数性的标记时， 从句通常为了一致性而不顾及词义地被当作单数：What she held in her lap was four kittens.（她抱在膝盖上的是四只小猫）。 What the apparent diamonds turned out to bewas paste.（那些看上去象真的钻石结果却是人造宝石） 。 然而，在一些情况下，以what 作主语的从句可被当单数或复数，取决于语义上微妙的差异。 在What excite him most are money and power（最让他兴奋的是金钱和权力）， 这句话中暗含着金钱和权力是不同的成分； 在What excites him most is money and power（最让他兴奋的是金钱和权力）， 这句话中暗含着金钱和权力是作为构成一个单一整体的成分 参见 which〔interdepartmental〕"the petty interdepartmental squabbling that surrounds the making of . . . foreign policy"(Morton A. Reichek)“围绕着制定外交政策而引起的各部门间的小小争吵”(莫顿A.赖谢克)〔hawk〕A person who favors military force or action in order to carry out foreign policy.主战派：为执行外交政策而倾向于采取军事力量或行动的人〔Shidehara〕Japanese diplomat closely identified with Japan's peaceful foreign policy of the 1920's. He was the first premier of Japan after World War II (1945-1946).币原，喜重郎：(1872-1951) 日本外交家，他与日本二十年代提倡和平的外交政策紧密相关，他是二次世界大战之后日本的第一任首相（1945-1946年）〔jingo〕One who vociferously supports one's country, especially one who supports a belligerent foreign policy; a chauvinistic patriot.沙文主义者：叫嚣着支持本国的人， 尤指支持好战性外交政策的人；沙文主义的爱国者〔equivalent〕"Prejudicing vital foreign policy considerations in order to rescue individuals finds its domestic equivalent in the inflated awards paid to . . . accident and malpractice victims"(Moorhead Kennedy)“为了挽救个人而对重要外交政策的考虑产生偏见，正如国内相应的对于事故和医疗误诊的受害者加以巨额补偿一样”(穆尔黑德·肯尼迪)〔matter〕matters of foreign policy; a personal matter.See Synonyms at subject 外交政策的问题；私事 参见 subject〔illusory〕"Secret activities offer presidents the alluring but often illusory promise that they can achieve foreign policy goals without the bothersome debate and open decision that are staples of democracy"(Tom Wicker)“总统私下采取行动，给人这样一个虽诱人但却是虚幻的承诺：似乎总统可以避开冗长的辩论和公开表决这些繁复的民主成果，来达到外交政策的目的。”(汤姆·威克)〔zig〕The zigs and zags of foreign policy.外交政策的变化不定〔Bevin〕British labor leader and politician who served as minister of labor (1940-1945) and foreign minister (1945-1951) and was instrumental in postwar diplomacy, notably the NATO treaty of 1949.贝文，欧内斯特：(1884-1951) 英国工党领导人和政治家，任劳工部部长（1940-1945年）、外务大臣（1945-1951年），并参与战后外交政策，特别是1949年北大西洋公约的制定〔bankrupt〕a bankrupt foreign policy.已告破产的外交政策〔geopolitics〕The study of the relationship among politics and geography, demography, and economics, especially with respect to the foreign policy of a nation.地缘政治学：研究政治、地理、人口和经济之间关系的学科，尤其着眼于一个国家的外交政策〔world〕did her a world of good; candidates that are worlds apart on foreign policy.给她很多好处；在外交政策中分歧很大的候选人们 |
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