| 单词 | 外国人 |
| 释义 | 〔tycoon〕Business tycoons may consider themselves captains or even princes of industry,but by virtue of being calledtycoons, they have already achieved princely status,at least from an etymological point of view.Tycoon came into English from Japanese, which had borrowed the title, meaning "great prince,” from Chinese.Use of the word was intended to make the shogun,the commander in chief of the Japanese army, more impressive to foreigners (his official titleshōgun merely meant "general"). In fact, the shogun actually ruled Japan,although he was supposedly acting for the emperor.When Matthew C. Perry opened Japan to the West in 1854,he negotiated with the shogun, thinking him to be the emperor.The shogun's title,taikun, was brought back to the United States after Perry's visit.Abraham Lincoln's cabinet members usedtycoon as an affectionate nickname for the President. The word soon came to be used for business and industry leaders—perhaps at times for those who had as much right to such an impressive title as did the shogun.The word itself now has an old-fashioned sound,but when we encounter it,we should think back to the days of Commodore Perry and President Lincoln,both of whom were real tycoons in their own ways.商界大亨可能把他们自己当成是工业界的长官或甚至王子，但是因为被叫做tycoon ， 他们早已达到了王子般的地位，至少从词源学的观点来说是这样。Tycoon 由日语进入英语， 而日语的这个头衔是从汉语借来的，意思是“大王”。使用这个词是为了使幕府将军，日本军队的总指挥官给外国人以深刻的印象（他的官方头衔shogun 的意思仅仅是“将军”）。 实际上，是幕府将军统治着日本，尽管他被认为是为天皇办事。当马修·C·佩里1854年使日本向西方开放时，他和幕府将军进行了谈判，以为他就是日本天皇。幕府将军的头衔taikun ， 在佩里访问美国后带到了美国。亚伯拉罕·林肯的内阁成员把tycoon 用作总统的充满感情的绰号。 这个词很快也被用于商界和工界的领导人，也许有时这些人象幕府将军那样有权以致给人深刻的印象。这个词本身听起来有点老派，但是当我们遇到它时，我们应该回想起佩里海军准将和林肯总统的时代，他们两人以各自的方式成为真正的巨头〔foreigner〕One who is from a foreign country or place.外国人，外来者：从其它国家或地区来的人〔galloglass〕gall [foreigner] gall [外国人] 〔deportable〕a deportable alien.被驱逐出境的外国人〔tramontane〕A foreigner; a stranger.外国人；陌生人〔alienage〕The official status of an alien. Also called alienism 外侨身分：外国人、外侨的法律地位 也作 alienism〔nonimmigrant〕An alien, such as a tourist or a member of a ship's crew, who enters a country for a temporary stay.非移民入境的外国人：外国人，如游客或船员中的一员，为作短期停留进入一个国家〔deportation〕The act or an instance of deporting.驱逐（不好的外国人）出境：驱逐的行为或举止〔outlander〕A person from a foreign country; a foreigner.外国人：从外国来的人；外国人〔xenophobe〕A person unduly fearful or contemptuous of that which is foreign, especially of strangers or foreign peoples.恐外者：对于外来事物，尤对陌生人或外国人特别恐惧或憎恨的人〔banish〕Deport denotes the act of sending an alien abroad by governmental order: Deport 指由政府下令将某外国人驱逐出境的行为： 〔gringo〕Used as a disparaging term for a foreigner in Latin America, especially an American or English person.外国佬，老外：在拉丁美洲尤指对英、美外国人的贬义的称呼〔undesirable〕undesirable aliens.不受欢迎的外国人〔taipan〕A foreigner who is a chief executive of a business or company operating in China or Hong Kong; a tycoon.大班：在中国或香港经营的企业或公司中担任行政主管的外国人；大老板〔defeat〕"The last foreigner to subjugate England was a Norman duke in the Middle Ages named William" (Stanley Meisler). To“最后一个制服英格兰的外国人是中世纪一个叫威廉的罗马公爵” （斯坦尼梅斯勒）。〔deportation〕Expulsion of an undesirable alien from a country.把不受欢迎的外国人从国家中驱逐出去〔pilgrim〕alteration of Latin peregrīnus [foreigner] * see peregrine 拉丁语 peregrīnus的变化 [外国人] * 参见 peregrine〔peregrine〕from Latin [foreigner] 源自 拉丁语 [外国人] 〔Yokohama〕A city of southeast Honshu, Japan, on the western shore of Tokyo Bay. It was a small fishing village when Matthew Perry visited it in 1854 but was chosen as a site for foreign settlement in 1859 and grew rapidly thereafter. Almost entirely destroyed by an earthquake and fire in 1923, it was quickly rebuilt and modernized. The city is now a leading port and an industrial center. Population, 2,992,644.横滨：日本本州东南一城市，位于东京湾西岸。1854年马修·派瑞访问该地时还是一个小渔村，但在1859年被选为外国人的定居点，此后迅速地发展起来。1923年在一场地震和大火中几乎全部被毁，但很快重建并现代化，现在是一个重要的港口和工业中心。人口2,992,644〔stranger〕A foreigner, a newcomer, or an outsider.外人：外国人，新来者或行外人〔gringo〕The wordgringo is an offensive term in Latin America for a foreigner, particularly an American or English person.But the word existed in Spanish before this particular sense came into being.In fact,gringo may be an alteration of the word griego, the Spanish development of LatinGraecus, "Greek.” Griego first meant "Greek, Grecian,”as an adjective and "Greek, Greek language,” as a noun.The saying "It's Greek to me" exists in Spanish,as it does in English,and helps us understand whygriego came to mean "unintelligible language" and perhaps, by further extension of this idea,"stranger, that is, one who speaks a foreign language.”The altered formgringo lost touch with Greek but has the senses "unintelligible language,” "foreigner, especially an English person,”and in Latin America, "North American or Britisher.”Its first recorded English use (1849) is in John Woodhouse Audubon'sWestern Journal: "We were hooted and shouted at as we passed through, and called ‘Gringoes.’”在拉丁美洲，gringo 一词是对外国人， 尤其是英美人的不尊敬的称呼。但在有这一特定含义之前这个词已存在于西班牙语之中。事实上，gringo 也许是 griego 一词的变体， 而后者则是西班牙语对拉丁语中Graecus “希腊的”一词的发展。 Griego 开始作形容词时意为“希腊的”； 作名词时意为“希腊，希腊语”。在西班牙语中也有“这对我来说象希腊语一样”的说法，这同英语中一样。这就帮我们理解为什么griego 开始有“胡说八道”的意思， 随着这层意思地延伸，就指“陌生人，即一个讲外语的人”。gringo 的变体已与希腊毫无关系而却有了“胡说八道”、 “外国人，尤指讲英语的人”等含义；在拉丁美洲它更指“北美人或英国人”。此词有记载的第一次在英语中的运用（1849年）是在约翰·伍德豪斯·奥杜邦的西部游记 中： “我们走过时四周都是叫喊声、怪叫声和‘外国佬’的叫骂声”〔wog〕Used as a disparaging term for a person of color, especially a foreigner from the Middle East or Asia.中东国家的人：用于对有色人的污蔑的字眼，尤指从中东或亚洲来的外国人〔nonimmigrant〕nonimmigrant status.非移民外国人的状况〔nonimmigrant〕Often used to modify another noun:非移民外国人：经常用来修饰另一名词： |
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