| 单词 | 外界 |
| 释义 | 〔outward〕"There is nothing here,/Which, from the outward to the inward brought,/Molded thy baby thought"(Tennyson)“这里一无所有/无论外界或内部/影响幼稚的思想”(坦尼森)〔nauseous〕Traditional critics have insisted thatnauseous is appropriately used only to mean "causing nausea" and that it is incorrect to use it to mean "affected with nausea,”as inRoller coasters make me nauseous. In this example,nauseated is preferred by 72 percent of the Usage Panel. What is curious, however,is that 88 percent of the Panelists indicated that they would prefernauseating in the sentenceThe children looked a little green from too many candy apples and nauseous rides. Thus it appears that like a handful of other words such astranspire, nauseous is actively used mainly in the sense in which it is considered incorrect. · While the use ofnauseous to mean "affected with nausea" may incur critical displeasure, it should be pointed out in its defense not only that it is quite common among educated speakersbut that it is subtly distinct fromnauseated in this sense. Nauseated is a passive participle, and hence suggests a condition induced by a specific external cause.By contrast,nauseous is an adjective that refers to an occurrent state whose cause may be nonspecific or unknown.The person who reports thatI woke up this morning feeling nauseous might not be willing to accept that he or she had beennauseated by any external agent. 传统的评论家坚持认为nauseous 只适合用于“引起人厌恶的”意思， 而用于指“患恶心症的”是不正确的，就像在巨浪滑行者使我感到恶心 中一样。 在这个例子中，nauseated 被72%的用法专题使用小组成员认为是合适的。 然而，有趣的是，88%的成员认为他们会选用nauseating 这个词， 用在句子太多的苹果糖和令人恶心的骑乘使得孩子们的脸色有点绿 中。 因此似乎像许多别的词如transpire那样，nauseous 积极地主要用于被人认为是不正确的意思中。 然而用nauseous 来指“患恶心症”可能引起评论的不愉快， 作为防卫我们应该指出不仅在受过教育的演说者中此种用法普遍，而且在这个意思上它和nauseated 有细微的区别。 Nauseated 是过去分词， 因此意味着由特殊的外部原因引导的条件。相反nauseous 是形容词指偶发的状态， 可能是非特殊的或不知道的。声称我早上起来时感到恶心 的人， 可能不情愿接受他或她被任何外界力量所恶心到 〔Paleosiberian〕Of or relating to a grouping of mostly unrelated languages and language isolates, including Chukchi and Yukaghir, spoken primarily in Siberia.古西伯利亚语的：主要使用于西伯利亚，包括楚克奇语与约克吉尔语等与外界不相关连且隔离的语言群的或与其相关的〔outsource〕To farm out (work, for example) to an outside provider or manufacturer in order to cut costs.外界供应：为缩减开支而把（如工作）包给外界的供应者或生产者〔externalism〕Excessive concern with outer circumstances or appearances.形式主义：过分注重外界环境或外表〔native〕Autochthonous applies to what arises in the locality where it is foundand has not been exposed to or has resisted change from outside sources: Autochthonous 用于在发现地生长的，从未暴露给外界或者抵制外界资源引起的变化： 〔incommunicado〕a prisoner held incommunicado; incommunicado political detainees.被单独禁闭的犯人；无法与外界接触的政治拘留者〔extraneous〕extraneous interference.See Synonyms at extrinsic 外界的影响 参见 extrinsic〔stress〕A mentally or emotionally disruptive or upsetting condition occurring in response to adverse external influences and capable of affecting physical health, usually characterized by increased heart rate, a rise in blood pressure, muscular tension, irritability, and depression.压力：由外界不利影响而导致的一种精神或感情上压抑或沮丧的状况，能影响身体健康，其特征通常表现为心率加快，血压升高，肌肉紧张，易怒及受压抑〔lenticel〕One of the small, corky pores or narrow lines on the surface of the stems of woody plants that allow the interchange of gases between the interior tissue and the surrounding air.皮孔：木本植物的茎干表面上细小轻薄的气孔或狭窄的管子，植物可通过它在内部组织与外界空气之间进行气体交换〔enthalpy〕A thermodynamic function of a system, equivalent to the sum of the internal energy of the system plus the product of its volume multiplied by the pressure exerted on it by its surroundings.焓，热函：一个系统中的热力作用，等于该系统内能加上其体积与外界作用于该系统的压力的乘积的总和〔plenum〕A condition, space, or enclosure in which air or other gas is at a pressure greater than that of the outside atmosphere.充气增压：空气或其它气体压力大于外界大气压力的状态、空间或封闭空间〔exoteric〕Of or relating to the outside; external.外面的：外界的或关于外界的；外部的〔outside〕The space beyond a boundary or limit.外界：超过某个范围或界线的地方〔incommunicable〕an incommunicable disease.一种被禁止与外界接触的疾病〔bubble〕"The Secret Service will talk of tightening protection, but no President wants to live in a bubble"(Anthony Lewis)“情报局要谈及严密的元首保护措施，但没有任何元首愿意生活在与外界隔离的环境中”(安东尼·刘易斯)〔ectotherm〕An organism that regulates its body temperature largely by exchanging heat with its surroundings; a poikilotherm.冷血动物：主要以与外界环境交换热量的方式来调节自身体温的生物；变温动物〔pickup〕The apparatus for transmitting a broadcast from an outside place to the broadcasting station.转播装置：把外界广播转入广播站的机器装置〔external〕Acting or coming from the outside:外界的：存在或来自于外界或外面的：〔environment〕The combination of external physical conditions that affect and influence the growth, development, and survival of organisms:外在物理条件：作用和影响这群生物体的生长、发展和生存的外界物质条件的总和：〔hermetic〕Impervious to outside interference or influence:不受外界影响的：不受外界的干涉或影响的：〔outside〕Acting, occurring, originating, or being at a place beyond certain limits:外界的：在一定范围外的地方活动、出现、发生或位于一定范围之外的地方：〔nature〕The world of living things and the outdoors:生物界：生物或外界的世界：〔outsight〕The faculty or act of clearly perceiving and understanding external things.观察、观察力：清楚准确地感觉并理解外界事情的能力或行为〔outsourcing〕The procuring of services or products, such as the parts used in manufacturing a motor vehicle, from an outside supplier or manufacturer in order to cut costs.外部采办，外购：为缩减开支从外界供货商或制造商那里获得服务或产品（如制造机动车的零件）〔give〕To collapse from or as if from physical pressure:倒塌：来自外界的压力或好象来自外界压力下倒塌：〔freedom〕These nouns refer to the power to act, speak, or think without externally imposed restraints.这些名词都指不受外界强加的限制的行动、言论或思考的权利。〔gastrula〕An embryo at the stage following the blastula, consisting of a hollow, two-layered sac of ectoderm and endoderm surrounding an archenteron that communicates with the exterior through the blastopore.原肠胚：一种囊胚之后的胚胎，含有中空、两层的外胚层和内胚层，包围着通过胚孔跟外界交流的原肠〔outside〕requested outside assistance; deplored outside interference.要求外界的支援；痛恨外来的干扰〔vacuum〕A state of being sealed off from external or environmental influences; isolation.封闭状态：与外界或环境影响隔绝的状态；隔离〔hermetic〕the hermetic confines of an isolated life.与世隔绝生活的不受外界干扰的区域〔isolate〕To render free of external influence; insulate.隔离，绝缘：使…免受外界的影响；隔离〔hives〕A skin condition characterized by intensely itching welts and caused by an allergic reaction to internal or external agents, an infection, or a nervous condition. Also called nettle rash ,urticaria 荨麻疹：一种由于对体内或外界媒介物的反应、感染或神经紧张而引起的皮肤病，症状为有极搔痒的条痕 也作 nettle rash,urticaria〔incommunicado〕Without the means or right of communicating with others:无法或无权与外界接触的：〔enthuse〕The verbenthuse is not well accepted; its use in the sentenceThe majority leader enthused over his party's gains was rejected by 76 percent of the Usage Panel in an earlier survey.This lack of acceptance ofenthuse is often attributed to its status as a back-formation: such words often meet with disapproval on their first appearanceand only gradually become accepted over time.But other back-formationssuch asdiagnose (a back-formation from diagnosis that was first recorded in 1861) and donate (first cited in 1785 as a back-formation from donation ) are considered unimpeachable English words. This situation suggests thatin truth the continued lack of acceptance ofenthuse, first recorded in 1827, may have less to do with doubts about its lineagethan with shortcomings in its character.Unlikeenthusiasm, which denotes an internal emotional state, enthuse denotes either the external expression of emotion,as inShe enthused over attending the Oscar ceremonies, or the inducement of enthusiasm by an external source,as inHe was so enthused about the miracle diet pills that he agreed to do a testimonial for their television ad. It is possible that a distaste for this emphasis on external emotional display and manipulation is for some people the source of an uneasethat manifests itself in a distaste for the word itself.See Usage Note at intuit 动词enthuse 并未被广泛接受； 其在优势党领导人对本党的利益极为热衷 一句中的用法， 在早期调查中遭到用法使用小组百分之七十六成员的反对。Enthuse 所以不被接受常归因于它是由逆序造词法产生的词： 这种词通常在他们刚刚出现时遭到反对，只有随着时间的流逝才逐渐被人们接受。但是其它逆序生成的词，如diagnose （由 diagnosis 而逆序生成，最早见于1861年）和 donate （最先于1875年作为由 donation 一词的逆序生成词被引用）被看作无可挑剔的英语词汇。 这一情况说明，不接受enthuse 这个1827年便出现的词汇， 实际上并非出自对其来历的怀疑，而是由于其本身的缺陷。与enthusiasm 这一可表现出内在情感状况的词不同， enthuse 要么显示出情感的外在表达，如在她为参加奥斯卡颁奖仪式感到兴奋 一句中， 要么显示出外界对热情的诱惑，如他对神奇的减肥药十分热心，意欲为其电视广告写一份鉴定书 一句。 有可能由于对其强调外在情感的表现与处理的不满，导致了一些人不愿意使用这个词 参见 intuit〔inflammation〕A localized protective reaction of tissue to irritation, injury, or infection, characterized by pain, redness, swelling, and sometimes loss of function.发炎：动物组织针对外界刺激、伤害、感染的一种固定保护性发应，表现为疼痛、发红、肿大，有时丧失功能〔foreign〕Situated in an abnormal or improper place in the body and typically introduced from outside:外来的，异质的：处于身体不正常或不合适位置的，尤指由外界导致的：〔outside〕Of, restricted to, or situated on the outer side of an enclosure or a boundary; external:外界的：属于，限于或位于围栏或界限之外的；外部的：〔tinnitus〕A sound in one ear or both ears, such as buzzing, ringing, or whistling, occurring without an external stimulus and usually caused by a specific condition, such as an ear infection, the use of certain drugs, a blocked auditory tube or canal, or a head injury.耳鸣：一个耳朵或两耳中的声音，如嗡嗡声或哨声，在没有外界刺激的情况下发生，通常由某种特定情况如耳朵感染、使用某种药物、听觉管道堵塞或头部受伤引起〔homeotherm〕An organism, such as a mammal or bird, having a body temperature that is constant and largely independent of the temperature of its surroundings; an endotherm.恒温动物：一种体温恒常且不受外界温度影响的生物体，象哺乳动物或鸟；恒温动物 |
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