| 单词 | 外科医生 |
| 释义 | 〔psychiatrist〕A physician who specializes in psychiatry.精神病专家：一个专门从事精神病治疗的外科医生〔surgical〕Of, relating to, or characteristic of surgeons or surgery.外科的：属于、关于或具有外科医生或外科特征的〔mask〕A covering worn over the nose and mouth, as by a surgeon or dentist, to prevent infection.口罩：外科医生或牙医佩戴的防止感染的覆盖物〔medic〕A physician or surgeon.内科医生或外科医生〔proficient〕A proficient surgeon is the product of lengthy training and experience.技术纯熟的外科医生是长期训练和实践经验的产物。〔surgery〕The skill or work of a surgeon.外科医生的手艺或手术〔Carrel〕French-born American surgeon and biologist. He won a 1912 Nobel Prize for his work on vascular ligature and grafting of blood vessels and organs.卡雷尔，亚历克西斯：(1873-1944) 法裔美国外科医生和生物学家。他因在血管扎线和血管及器官移植方面的贡献而获1912年诺贝尔奖〔Hunter〕British surgeon who founded pathological anatomy in England.亨特，约翰：(1728-1793) 英国外科医生，英国病理解剖学的奠基人〔Gorgas〕American army surgeon who suppressed yellow fever in Havana (1898) and in the Panama Canal Zone (1904-1913), thereby making construction of the canal possible.戈加斯，威廉·克劳福德：(1854-1920) 美国随军外科医生，是他消除了1898年哈瓦那和1904-1913年巴拿马运河区的黄热病，因此使建造运河成为可能〔eminence〕rose to eminence as a surgeon.成为一位杰出的外科医生〔McDowell〕American surgeon who performed the first recorded ovarian surgery in America (1809).麦克道尔，以法莲：(1771-1830) 美国外科医生，他曾作过美国第一例卵巢外科手术(1809年）〔Halsted〕American surgeon who developed the use of cocaine in anesthesiology and proposed the use of rubber gloves during surgery.霍尔斯特德，威廉·斯图尔特：(1852-1922) 美国外科医生，他拓宽了麻醉学中关于可卡因的用法， 并建议在外科手术中使用橡皮手套〔sawbones〕A physician, especially a surgeon.外科医生：医生，尤指外科医生〔Beaumont〕American surgeon whosePhysiology of Digestion (1833) revolutionized the study of gastric digestion. 博蒙特，威廉：(1785-1853) 美国外科医生，其《消化生理学》 （1833年）引发了胃消化研究的革新 〔surgery〕The period during which a physician, dentist, or veterinarian consults with or treats patients in the office.诊断时间：医生、外科医生或兽医在办公室里诊断或治疗病者的一段时间〔guillotine〕"At half past 12 the guillotine severed her head from her body.”So reads the statementcontaining the first recorded use ofguillotine in English, found in theAnnual Register of 1793. The word occurs in a context clearly illustrating the function of theguillotine, "a machine with a heavy blade that falls freely between upright guides to behead a condemned person.” Ironically, the guillotine, which became the most notable symbol of the excesses of the French Revolution,was named for a humanitarian physician, Joseph Ignace Guillotin.Guillotin, a member of the French Constituent Assembly,recommended in a speech to that body on October 10, 1789,that executions be performed by a beheading device rather than by hanging, the method used for commoners, or by the sword, reserved for the nobility.He argued that beheading by machine was quicker and less painful than the work of the rope and the sword.In 1791 the Assembly did indeed adopt beheading by machine as the state's preferred method of execution.A beheading device designed by Dr. Antoine Louis, secretary of the College of Surgeons, was first used on April 25, 1792, to execute a highwayman named Pelletier or Peletier.The device was called alouisette or louison after its inventor's name,but because of Guillotin's famous speech,his name became irrevocably associated with the machine. After Guillotin's death in 1814,his children tried unsuccessfully to get the device's name changed.When their efforts failed,they were allowed to change their name instead.“十二点半，断头台斩落了他的头颅。”这句话如此写道。这是英语文章中第一次使用guillotine 这个词， 它出现在1793年的年度文摘 中。 该文中，该词清楚地体现了guillotine 的功用——“利用垂直向下砍落的重斧斩落犯人头颅的机器。” 令人啼笑皆非的是，这一成为法国大革命中恐怖暴行最显著标志的断头台，竟是因一个人文主义医生，约瑟夫·英格纳斯·吉约坦命名的。吉约坦是法国国民代表大会的成员，在1789年10月的一次发言中向大会提出，在处决犯人时以一种砍头的机器来代替处决普通犯人时所用的绞刑或是处决贵族时使用的宝剑。他认为用机器砍头比用绳子或宝剑快而且痛苦小。1791年，国民大会确实将用机器砍头定为国家处决犯人的方法。由外科医生院秘书长安东尼·路易医生设计的砍头装置在1792年4月25日处决拦路强盗佩尔蒂或佩尔捷时第一次使用。这个装置被称为路易塞特 或 路易森 ， 因由其发明者而得名。但是由于吉约坦那次著名的发言，他的名字不可避免地与这种机器联系在一起。1814年吉约坦死后，他的子孙试图为这种机器换个名字,但没有成功。当他们的努力失败后，他们得到允许，改换了自己的名字〔delicate〕a surgeon's delicate touch.外科医生轻柔的触摸〔Gross〕American surgeon and educator who wrote widely influential medical treatises, such asA System of Surgery (1859). 格罗斯，塞缪尔·戴维：(1805-1884) 美国外科医生、教育家。他制定了许多影响深远的医学条例，如《外科学系统》 （1859年） 〔Lister〕British surgeon. He demonstrated in 1865 that carbolic acid was an effective antiseptic agent, decreasing postoperative fatalities from infection.李斯特，约瑟夫：(1827-1912) 英国外科医生。1865年他证实了碳酸是一种有效的杀菌媒介物，可减少外科手术后由感染引起的死亡〔Long〕American surgeon and pioneer anesthetist who was among the first (1842) to use ether as an anesthetic.朗，克劳福德·威廉森：(1815-1878) 美国外科医生，麻醉师的先驱，是最早使用乙醚作麻醉剂的人之一（1842年）〔Kocher〕Swiss surgeon. He won a 1909 Nobel Prize for work on the thyroid gland.科赫尔，埃米尔·狄奥多尔：(1841-1917) 瑞士外科医生。因在甲状腺方面的研究而获1909年的诺贝尔奖〔surgery〕An operating room or a laboratory of a surgeon or of a hospital's surgical staff.手术室：外科医生或者医院里外科大夫们的开刀室或实验室〔enable〕a hole in the fence that enabled us to watch; techniques that enable surgeons to open and repair the heart.篱笆上的洞使我们能够观看；科技使外科医生能打开和修复心脏〔open〕The surgeon opened up the patient's chest.这名外科医生切开了病人的胸部〔Crile〕American surgeon noted for his research on surgical trauma, shock, and other medical issues.克赖尔，乔治·华盛顿：(1864-1943) 美国外科医生，以其对外科创伤、休克和其它医疗问题的研究而闻名于世〔surgeonfish〕[From its lancetlike spines, which resemble surgeons' instruments] [它的象标枪的脊骨，状如外科医生的器械] 〔Paget〕British surgeon and pathologist who discovered (1834) the cause of trichinosis.佩吉特，詹姆斯：(1814-1899) 英国外科医生和病理学家，他发现(1834年）了旋毛虫病的原因〔Huggins〕Canadian-born American surgeon. He shared a 1966 Nobel Prize for research in hormone treatment for cancer of the prostate.哈金斯，查尔斯·布伦顿：(生于 1901) 加拿大裔美国外科医生，他因用荷尔蒙疗法治疗前列腺癌方面的研究而获1966年诺贝尔奖〔pioneer〕surgeons who pioneered organ transplants.首创器官移植的外科医生〔Altman〕American film director and screenwriter whose film credits includeM*A*S*H (1970), for which he won an Academy Award, and The Player (1992). 阿特曼，罗伯特：美国电影导演和编剧，他的电影成就包括1970年获得奥斯卡奖的《外科医生》 以及1992年的 《超级大玩家》 〔forceps〕An instrument resembling a pair of pincers or tongs, used for grasping, manipulating, or extracting, especially such an instrument used by a surgeon.钳子，镊子：象钳子或夹子的一种器械，用来夹、操纵或抽取，尤其指外科医生用的这样的器具 |
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