| 单词 | 大不列颠 |
| 释义 | 〔Hanover〕British ruling family (1714-1901). When Victoria ascended the throne in 1837, the crowns of Hanover and Great Britain were separated.汉诺威：英国统治家族（1714-1901年）。当1837年维多利亚登上王位时， 汉诺威与大不列颠的王权相分离〔Shelta〕A secret jargon used by Gypsies in Great Britain and Ireland, based on systematic inversion or alteration of the initial consonants of Gaelic words.舍尔塔语：大不列颠及爱尔兰的吉普赛人使用的一种秘密用语，起源于盖尔单词初始辅音的系统化倒置或改变〔British〕The people of Great Britain.英国人：大不列颠的人民〔Wales〕A principality of the United Kingdom on the western peninsula of the island of Great Britain. Incorporated with England since the Act of Union (1536), Wales has maintained its own distinct culture and a strong nationalist sentiment. Cardiff is the capital and the largest city. Population, 2,790,462.威尔士：英国大不列颠岛西部半岛之一地区。自联盟令(1536年）后与英格兰合并，它同时保持了自己的独特文化风格和强烈的民族主义情感。加的夫为其首府及最大城市。人口2,790,462〔restoration〕The return of a constitutional monarchy to Great Britain in 1660 under Charles II.王朝复辟：1660年，在查理2世纪统治下的大不列颠君主立宪的复辟〔Corfu〕An island of Greece in the Ionian Islands off the northwest coast of the mainland. Settled c. 700b.c. , the island was controlled by Rome, Byzantium, Sicily, Venice, and Great Britain before being ceded to Greece in 1864. 科孚岛，科塞拉：爱奥尼亚群岛中的一个希腊岛屿，与大陆的西北部相望，大约公元前 700年时开始有人定居，1864年割让给希腊前曾被罗马·拜占庭西西里、威尼斯和大不列颠统治过 〔pariah〕In the wordpariah, which can be used for anyone who is a social outcast, independent of social position,we have a reminder of a much more rigid social system,where only certain people could be pariahs.The caste system of India placed members of the pariah caste very low in society;until 1949 they were also known asuntouchables. The wordpariah, however, which we have extended in meaning, came into English from Tamil paṛaiyar, the plural of paṛaiyan, the caste name, which literally means “(hereditary) drummer"and comes from the wordpaṛai, the name of a drum used at certain festivals. The word is first recorded in English in 1613.Its use in English and its extension in use probably owe much to the close relationship that developed between Great Britain and India.Indeed, many of the British servants in India were from the pariah caste.pariah 一词能用于任何一个被社会遗弃的人， 不管他的社会地位如何，在这个词中，对我们有一个更严酷的社会体制的暗示，在这种体制下，仅仅某些特定的人才能成为被社会遗弃的人。印度的社会体制把被遗弃者的社会地位订得很低，直到1949年这些人还仍旧被称作是不可接触者 。 然而，我们已经扩展了含义的pariah 一词从泰米尔语 paraiyar 即 paraiyan 的复数转入英语中来， 字面含义是“（世袭）鼓手”，源于一种特定节日用的鼓名parai 。 1613年这个词首次在英语中有所记录。它在英文中的运用和用法的扩展可能很大程度是由于大不列颠和印度的密切关系。的确，在印度许多英国人的佣人都来自于贱民阶层〔Saxon〕A member of a West Germanic tribal group that inhabited northern Germany and invaded Britain in the fifth and sixth centuriesa.d. with the Angles and Jutes. 撒克逊人：西部德意志民族中的一支，居住在德国北部，在公元 5和6世纪与盎格鲁人和朱特人一起入侵大不列颠 〔Kauffmann〕Swiss-born artist known for her historical and allegorical paintings and her portraits of contemporaries. She was a founding member of the British Royal Academy of Arts (1769).考夫曼，安琪利：(1741-1807) 瑞士裔艺术家，因其历史画、寓言画以及为其同时代人的画像著名。她是大不列颠皇家艺术学院（1769年）的创立者之一〔Caesar〕Roman general, statesman, and historian who invaded Britain (55), crushed the army of his political enemy Pompey (48), pursued other enemies to Egypt, where he installed Cleopatra as queen (47), returned to Rome, and was given a mandate by the people to rule as dictator for life (45). On March 15 of the following year he was murdered by a group of republicans led by Cassius and Brutus, who feared he intended to establish a monarchy ruled by himself.凯撒，尤利乌斯：(100-44) 罗马将军、政治家、历史学家，他入侵了大不列颠王国（55年）并征服了他的政敌庞培的军队（48年），又追击其它敌人至埃及，他在此立克娄巴特拉为女王（47年），返回罗马后，被罗马人民授予终身一人统治的权力（45年）。次年3月15日，他被卡西乌和布鲁图斯领导的一群共和主义者谋杀身亡，这些人担心他图谋建立由他个人统治的君主制政权〔Sabah〕A region of Malaysia in northeast Borneo. Sabah was a British protectorate, originally controlled by the British North Borneo Company, from the early 1800's until it became part of Malaysia in 1963.沙巴州：婆罗洲东北部马来西亚一地区。曾是英国领地，从19世纪初一直由大不列颠北婆罗洲公司控制，直到1963年沙巴州成为马来西亚的一部分〔Tangier〕A city of northern Morocco at the west end of the Strait of Gibraltar. Founded in Roman times and later controlled by a variety of powers, including Portugal and Great Britain, it was administered as part of an international zone from 1923-1924 until 1956. Population, 266,346.丹吉尔：摩洛哥北部一城市，位于直布罗陀海峡的西端。该城建于古罗马时代，后来被许多强国控制过，其中包括葡萄牙和大不列颠，从1923-1924年直到1956年这一期间丹吉尔被作为一个国际共管区的一部分来管辖。人口266,346〔Britisher〕A native or inhabitant of Great Britain.大不列颠人：大不列颠人民或居民〔McNaughton〕Canadian general and public official who commanded Canadian troops in Great Britain (1942-1944) and was secretary of national defense (1944-1945).麦克诺登，安德鲁·乔治·拉塔：(1887-1966) 加拿大将军、公务官员，二战中曾在大不列颠指挥加拿大军队(1942-1944年），曾任国防部长(1944-1945年）〔extent〕In Great Britain, a writ allowing a creditor to seize a debtor's property temporarily.扣押令：在大不列颠，一种允许债主临时占有借债人的财产的书面命令〔Philip〕Husband of Elizabeth II of Great Britain. The great-great-grandson of Victoria, he was given the title Prince in 1957.菲利普：大不列颠伊丽莎白二世的丈夫，维多利亚女王的曾孙，1957年，被给与亲王的封号〔Pitt〕British prime minister (1783-1801 and 1804-1806). He accomplished the Act of Union between Ireland and Britain (1800) but was unsuccessful in his efforts to achieve Catholic emancipation.皮特，威廉：(1759-1806) 曾任英国首相(1783-1801和1804-1806年）。他完成了爱尔兰和大不列颠之间的联盟法案(1800年），但在为取得天主教徒释放的努力中失败了〔Anne〕Queen of Great Britain and Ireland (1702-1714). The last monarch of the Stuart line, she was also the last English ruler to exercise the royal veto over Parliament (1707).安妮女王：大不列颠和爱尔兰的女王(1702-1714年）。斯图亚特王朝的最后一代君主，她也是最后一位行使否决议会决议权的英国统治者(1707年）〔Dickinson〕American Revolutionary politician and pamphleteer who became the leading conservative voice of opposition to Great Britain through hisLetters from a Farmer in Pennsylvania (1767-1768). 狄金森，约翰：(1732-1808) 美国革命政治家和小册子作者，他通过他的《来自宾夕法尼亚农夫的信》 （1767-1768年）成为保守党对抗大不列颠最主要的喉舌 〔hubbub〕It has often been remarked that the Celtic inhabitants of Great Britain contributed very little to the stock of English words.Perhaps this should not be too surprising, given the difficult relations over the centuries between the people of Germanic stock and the people of Celtic stock in England and Ireland.It seems likely that a certain English contempt resides in the adoption of the wordhubbub from a Celtic source, which is probably related toub ub ubub, a Scots Gaelic interjection expressing contempt,or toabu, an ancient Irish war cry. In any case,hubbub was first recorded (1555) in the phrase Irish hubbub and meant "the confused shouting of a crowd.”In addition to the senses it has developed,hubbub was again used, possibly in a nonflattering way, by the New England colonists as a term for a rambunctious game played by Native Americans. 人们常说，居住在大不列颠的盖尔人对英语词汇没有多大贡献。如果考虑到几个世纪以来居住在英格兰与爱尔兰的日尔曼人与盖尔人之间的关系，那么这个情况就不足为奇了。英格兰人采用来自盖尔语的hubbub 这个词时，很可能是带有轻蔑之意的， 此词与ub ub ubub 有关， 是苏格兰盖尔语中用来表示轻蔑之意的感叹词；或者与古代爱尔兰语中的呐喊abus 有关。 无论怎样，hubbub 一词最早见于词组 Irish hubbub (1555年）中， 意为“人群发出的混乱吵闹声”。除了它本身就有的意思外，hubbub 一词又被新英格兰的殖民者用来指印第安人的一种野蛮的游戏，但这一用法可能不讨人喜欢 〔Wisconsin〕A state of the north-central United States. It was admitted as the 30th state in 1848. First settled by the French, the region was ceded to Great Britain in 1763 and became part of the Northwest Territory in 1787. Madison is the capital and Milwaukee the largest city. Population, 4,906,745.威斯康星州：美国中北部一州。1848年作为第三十个州加入。首先由法国殖民者建立，1763年割让给大不列颠，1787年成为西北地区的一部分。麦迪逊市是该州首府，密尔沃基市是最大城市。人口4,906,745〔uranium〕The element uranium, whose discovery has been so vital to our nuclear age, owes its name to a preceding scientific discovery, that of the planet Uranus.Sir William Herschel, who discovered Uranus in 1781, named the planetGeorgium sidus, "the Georgian planet,” in honor of George III.Some also called itHerschel, but convention prevailed and the planet came to be calledUranus (the form in Modern Latin and English),the name of a heavenly deity like the rest of the planets.Called Uranus in Latin mythology and Ouranos in Greek,this god of the heavens was chosen because he was the father of Saturn (Greek Cronos), the deity of the planet next in line,who was the father of Jupiter (Greek Zeus), the deity of the next planet.The name of this new planet was then used in the name of a new chemical element,uranium, discovered eight years later by M.H. Klaproth. Klaproth, a German scientist, gave it the Latin nameuranium in honor of the discovery of Uranus. Uranium passed into English shortly thereafter, being first recorded in the third edition of theEncyclopedia Britannica, published in 1797. 元素铀的发现对现今的核子时代是至关重要的。它的名称是据在它之前发现的天王星命名的。威廉·赫歇尔爵士于1781年发现了天王星，并起名为Georgium sidus， “乔治的行星”， 用来纪念乔治三世。有人称之为赫歇尔， 但传统的力量更巨大，最终这颗行星被称之为Uranus （现代拉丁文和英语形式），如用其余的行星一样是用天神的名字命名的。在拉丁神话中被称作优拉纳斯神，而在希腊神话中被作优拉诺斯神，之所以选中这个天神因为他是萨图恩（希腊神话中为克洛诺斯）的父亲，而萨图恩是和他临近的行星；他还是朱庇特（希腊神话中的宙斯）的父亲，而宙斯又是下一颗临近的行星。这颗新行星的名字又用来命名一种新发现的化学元素，铀 是由M.H.克拉普罗特八年后发现的。 克拉普罗特这位德国科学家给予它铀 这种拉丁字母是为了纪念 天王星的发现。 Uranium在这之后不久进入英语， 首次出现于1797年出版的大不列颠百科全书 的第三版中 〔Quebec〕Abbr. PQ,P.Q.,Que.A province of eastern Canada. It joined the confederacy in 1867. The region was first explored and claimed for France by Jacques Cartier (1534) and Samuel de Champlain (1608) and was made a royal colony, known as New France, by Louis XIV in 1663. Conflict between the French and British for control of the territory ended in 1763 when Great Britain was given sovereignty, but the French influence has remained dominant. Quebec is the capital and Montreal the largest city. Population, 6,438,403.缩写 PQ,P.Q.,Que.魁北克省：加拿大东部一省份，1867年加入联邦。这一地区最初被雅克·卡蒂埃(1534年）和萨米埃尔·得·尚普兰(1608年）发现并宣布为法国领土。1663年，在路易十四统治时期，成为一皇家殖民地，被称为新法兰西。为了争夺对这块领土的控制，法国和英国之间的斗争一直持续到1763年，大不列颠获得了主权，但是法国的影响一直占主导地位。魁北克市是其首府，蒙特利尔是第一大城市。人口6,438,403〔Wessex〕A region and ancient Anglo-Saxon kingdom of southern England. According to tradition, the kingdom was founded by the Saxon conquerors of Britain and at its greatest extent occupied the territory between the English Channel and the Thames River.西撒克斯：英格兰南部一地区，是古代格鲁-萨克森王国所在地。根据传说，该王国由征服大不列颠的萨克森人创建，国土最广时占据了英吉利海峡与泰晤士河之间的区域〔Helgoland〕An island of northwest Germany, one of the North Frisian Islands inHelgoland Bay, an inlet of the North Sea southwest of Jutland. The island belonged to Denmark and Great Britain before being ceded to Germany in 1890. It is a popular tourist resort. 黑尔戈兰：德国西北部一岛屿，是位于海尔戈兰海湾 之中的北弗是希兰群岛之一，和位于日德兰西南部北海的小湾。这个岛先后隶属于丹麦和大不列颠，于1890年被并入德国版图。是一个深受欢迎的旅游胜地 〔Clive〕British soldier and statesman who was instrumental in securing Great Britain's interests in India.克莱夫，罗伯特：(1725-1774) 英国士兵、政治家，在保卫大不列颠在印度利益的过程中起过重要作用〔Albion〕England or Great Britain. Often used poetically.阿尔比恩：英格兰或大不列颠。常用于诗歌中〔Victoria〕The capital of British Columbia, Canada, on southeast Vancouver Island at the eastern end of the Strait of Juan de Fuca. Founded in 1843 as a Hudson's Bay Company outpost, it became provincial capital in the late 1860's. Population, 64,379.维多利亚：加拿大大不列颠哥伦比亚省省会，位于温哥华岛东南端的胡安·德福卡海峡的东端。1843年建立被当作哈得孙海湾公司的边远部分，19世纪60年代末它成为省会。人口64,379〔England〕A division of the United Kingdom, the southern part of the island of Great Britain. Originally settled by Celtic peoples, it was subsequently conquered by Romans, Angles, Saxons, Jutes, Danes, and Normans. Acts of union joined England with Wales in 1536, with Scotland in 1707 to create the political entity of Great Britain, and with Ireland in 1801 to form the United Kingdom. London is the capital and the largest city of both England and the United Kingdom. Population, 46,220,955.英格兰：大不列颠和北爱尔兰联合王国的一部分，位于大不列颠岛南部。凯尔特人最早在此定居，随后罗马人、盎格鲁人、撒克逊人、朱特人、丹麦人及诺尔曼人相继征服英格兰。依据联合法案，1536年英格兰与威尔士合并，1707年同苏格兰合并，由此产生了大不列颠的政治统一体，并于1801年与爱尔兰联合形成联合王国。伦敦为英格兰和联合王国的首都及最大城市。人口46,220,955〔union〕A combination of parishes for joint administration of relief for the poor in Great Britain.救济贫民的教区联合组织：教区的联合组织，为联合管理对大不列颠贫民的救济而设立〔shire〕A former administrative division of Great Britain, equivalent to a county.（英国以前的）郡：大不列颠以前的一种行政单位，相当于一个县〔Salish〕A family of Native American languages of the northwest United States and British Columbia.萨利希语组：美国西北部美洲土著语言和大不列颠哥伦比亚语言的总称〔Britannia〕A female personification of Great Britain or the British Empire.大不列颠或不列颠帝国的阴性拟人化称呼〔Britain〕The island of Great Britain during pre-Roman, Roman, and early Anglo-Saxon times before the reign of Alfred the Great (871-899). The name is derived fromBrittania, which the Romans used for the portion of the island that they occupied. 不列颠：在前罗马、罗马以及艾弗烈大帝统治(871-899年）前的早期盎格鲁-撒克逊人统治时期的大不列颠岛。名字来源于《布列塔尼亚》 ，罗马人用它来指他们占领的那部分岛屿 〔threepence〕A coin worth three pennies, formerly used in Great Britain.三便士：早期用于大不列颠的值三便士的硬币〔Guernsey〕An island of southern Great Britain, one of the Channel Islands in the English Channel off the coast of northwest France.格恩西岛：大不列颠南部一岛屿，法国西北部海岸外英吉利海峡中海峡群岛的岛屿之一〔Man〕An island of Great Britain in the Irish Sea off the northwest coast of England. Occupied in the 9th century by Vikings, it passed from Norway to Scotland in 1266 and to the earls of Salisbury and of Derby in the 14th century. Parliament purchased the island in 1765, and it remains an autonomous possession of the British crown.马恩岛：英国大不列颠群岛中的一座岛屿，位于英格兰西北岸外的爱尔兰海上。9世纪时由斯堪的纳维亚人占领，在1266年统治权由挪威转到了苏格兰手中，14世纪又转入索尔兹伯里和德比伯爵手中。在1765年，英国议会买下此岛，而后一直是享有自治权的英王领地〔Briticism〕A word, a phrase, or an idiom characteristic of or peculiar to English as it is spoken in Great Britain.英国英语语法：英国人特用的词、短语、或习语，如大不列颠人所讲的〔Olivier〕British actor and director best known for his interpretations of Shakespeare's Othello and Richard III. He was knighted in 1947 for his contributions to the theater and directed the National Theatre of Great Britain from 1962 to 1973.奥利维尔，劳伦斯·克尔：(1907-1989) 英国演员和导演，以其对莎士比亚戏剧人物奥赛罗和查理三世的精彩表演而著称。由于他对于戏剧杰出的贡献，在1947年被授予爵士头衔，并且从1962年至1973年还执掌大不列颠国家剧院〔Scotland〕A constituent country of the United Kingdom comprising the northern part of the island of Great Britain and the Hebrides, Shetland Islands, and Orkney Islands. Inhabited by Picts in prehistoric times, the region was invaded but never conquered by the Romans and split into a variety of small kingdoms after the fifth centurya.d. . In the ninth century most of Scotland was unified into one kingdom, but conflicts with the English to the south soon erupted, leading to a series of bloody wars. When Mary Queen of Scots's son James VI succeeded to the English throne in 1603, the two kingdoms were united. Scotland became a part of the kingdom of Great Britain by a parliamentary act of 1707. Edinburgh is the capital and Glasgow the largest city. Population, 5,149,500. 苏格兰：英国的一个选区，它包括大不列颠岛北部、赫布里底群岛、设得兰群岛和奥克尼群岛。史前时代皮克特人曾居住在那里，它曾被罗马人侵略过但从来没有被占领，在公元 5世纪后分裂成许多小的王国。到了9世纪，绝大部分苏格兰都被合并成一个国家，但是与英国人在南方的冲突很快就爆发了，从而导致了一系列血腥战争。当苏格兰王子詹姆斯六世的玛丽女王在1603年继承了英国王位后，这两个国家合并了。通过1707的议会法案，苏格兰成为大英帝国的一部分。爱丁堡是其首府，格拉斯哥是最大的城市。人口5,149,500 |
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