| 单词 | 大人 |
| 释义 | 〔ragamuffin〕Perhapsragamuffin should be seen as an example of melioration, or improvement in the sense of a word, since it can now be used rather affectionately of children who are normally far from dirty or unkempt.In any event,even its use for an unkempt child or man represents something of an improvementover one of its earliest uses.Ragamuffin was a name given to a demon in Piers Plowman, an allegorical poem of the 14th century. This name was once thought to be the source of our word,but researches at theMiddle English Dictionary have shown that the word was used as the last name of a woman, Isabella Ragamuffyn, earlier in the 14th century (1344), before the poem was composed.The word even then had the sense "ragged lout, tattered oaf,”though it was found only in names.The elementraga- is probably from the Middle English adjective raggi, "ragged,” also used of the devil in the sense "shaggy" and as a name.The element-muffin is probably from Middle Dutch moffel or muffe, "mitten.” 也许ragamuffin 这个词应该看作词义变良或改善的例子， 因为它现在可以用来充满感情地指那些按常规来说远非肮脏或不整洁的孩子。不论如何，即使它被用来指那些不整洁的孩子或大人的时候，其用法较最初也有了很大提高。Ragamuffin 是14世纪的一部寓言诗 犁者码头 中一个魔鬼的名字。 这个名字一度被认为是本词的来源，但对中世纪英语词典 的研究表明这个词曾在14世纪早期(1344年）用作一位妇女的姓，伊莎贝拉·拉格姆芬， 这早于那首诗创作之前。这个词甚至还曾有衣裳破烂的粗人、褴褛的呆子的意思，尽管此词仅见于姓名。构词成分raga- 可能源自中古英语的形容词 raggi “破烂的”， 也曾以“毛长而参差不齐”这个意思用于魔鬼和人名。构词成分-muffin 可能来自中世纪荷兰语中 moffel 或意为“连指手套”的 muffe 〔lord〕Used as a courtesy title for a younger son of a duke or marquis.阁下，大人：用作对公爵或侯爵年轻的儿子的敬称〔geezer〕A relationship with a word we know well is disguised in the wordgeezer. A clue to this relationship is found in British dialect.TheEnglish Dialect Dictionary defines geezer as "a queer character, a strangely-acting person,” and refers the reader toguiser, "a mummer, masquerader.” The citations forguiser refer to practices such as the following: "People, usually children . . . go about on Christmas Eve, singing, wearing masks, or otherwise disguised,”the last word of this passage being the one to whichgeezer is related. 我们非常了解的与一个单词的联系即在于单词geezer 。 这种联系的线索发现于英国方言中。英语方言辞典 定义 geezer 为“一个奇怪的人，一个行为怪异的人”， 并且让读者参考guiser， “化妆舞会，假面舞会”。 guiser 的例句指出了一些活动， 例如：“大人，通常是孩子…戴着面具或以其他化妆方式在圣诞前夜走出去唱歌。”这段文章的最后一个单词即是geezer 与之有关的那一个 〔grace〕Grace Used withHis, Her, or Your as a title and form of address for a duke, a duchess, or an archbishop. Grace 大人，夫人：与his，her， 或 your 连用，作为公爵，公爵夫人或大主教的头衔或称谓的形式 〔milord〕Used as a form of address for such a man.老爷，大人：用作对这种人的称呼〔embarrass〕Meeting adults embarrassed the shy child.遇见大人使这个害羞的孩子很困窘〔sahib〕from Arabic [companion, master] 源自 阿拉伯语 [最低级爵士，大人] 〔reverend〕Reverend Abbr. Rev.Used as a title and form of address for certain clerics in many Christian churches. In formal usage, preceded bythe : Reverend 缩写 Rev.大人：用作对许多基督教堂中某些神职人员的称号及敬称形式。在正式用法中，前面加the ： 〔lord〕Used as a title for certain high officials and dignitaries.阁下，大人：用作某些高官和地位高的人的头衔〔lord〕Used as a title for a bishop.阁下，大人：用作主教的头衔〔impertinent〕impertinent of a child to lecture a grownup.小孩教训大人是不礼貌的〔sahib〕Hindi ṣāḥib [master] 印地语 ṣāḥib [大人] 〔Monseigneur〕Used as an honorific in French-speaking areas, especially as accorded to princes and prelates.大人，阁下：用于讲法语地区的一个尊称，尤指称呼王子和高级教士〔pamper〕Stop mollycoddling me;I'm a grown person.别再过分照料我了；我是一个大人了。〔go〕well behaved, as big dogs go.做得不错，像个大人那样〔imitate〕The adults drank their tea in a ceremonious manner, and the children imitated them.大人们客套地喝着茶，孩子们模仿着他们。 |
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