| 单词 | 大多 |
| 释义 | 〔cactus〕Any of various succulent, spiny, usually leafless plants native mostly to arid regions of the New World, having variously colored, often showy flowers with numerous stamens and petals.仙人掌：一种多浆植物，有小刺，无叶，大多生长于西半球的干旱地区，有颜色各异，通常色彩鲜艳夺目的花朵，有若干个雄蕊和花瓣〔barracuda〕Any of various fierce, mostly tropical marine fishes of the genusSphyraena that resemble pike, have a projecting lower jaw with fanglike teeth, and include some edible species. 梭鱼，康马氏鲛：一种凶猛，大多为魣属 的热带海生鱼，类似梭鱼，有带尖牙的突出的下颚，包括一些可食种类 〔Shoshone〕A group inhabiting the Great Basin area of Idaho, Utah, and Nevada south to Death Valley, California, now mostly in Nevada. Also called Western Shoshone 居住在爱达荷州，犹他州和内华达州的大盆地区向南直到加利福尼亚的死谷，现在大多住在内华达州的一支 也作 Western Shoshone〔foraminifer〕Any of the chiefly marine protozoans of the order Foraminifera, characteristically having a calcareous shell with perforations through which numerous pseudopods protrude.有孔虫：一种有孔虫目的大多为海洋的原生动物，以具有带孔的钙质壳为特征，通过该孔有许多虚足突出〔fast〕 Quick most often applies to what takes little time or to promptness of response or action: Quick 大多指花费极少时间或反应或动作的敏捷： 〔coffee〕Would one be as ready to drinkchaoua, kauhi, or coffa as coffee ? Most of these exotic early forms of our word reflect the factthat coffee, though a normal accompaniment to the life of many English speakers, was originally an exotic substance.Coffee came to Europe from the Middle East, where its name wasqahveh, an Ottoman Turkish pronunciation of Arabicqahwah, the Turks having borrowed the word and the drink from the Arabs.The first three forms cited above show the influence of the Middle Eastern words for coffee.Our formcoffee results from combining caffè, the Italian version of the Middle Eastern word, and the vowel of the Middle Eastern word, represented by o. Coffee is first recorded in English in 1601 with the spelling coffe. 人们愿意喝chaoua, kauhi 或 coffa ，就如 coffee 一样吗？ 我们言语的这些早期外来形式大多反映这一事实：咖啡虽然常伴随着许多说英语的人的生活，但它是来源于国外的东西。咖啡从中东传到欧洲，在中东它的名称是qahveh ， 阿拉伯的奥斯曼土耳其人发音为qahwah 。 土耳其人自阿拉伯借用该单词和饮料。上面引用的前三个形式表明中东话对咖啡这个单词的影响。我们的形式coffee ，得自结合中东单词的意大利的 caffe 和中东单词中用 o字母表示的元音字母。 Coffee在英国于1601年首次被记载，拼作 coffe. 〔bone〕Any of numerous anatomically distinct structures making up the skeleton of a vertebrate animal. There are more than 200 different bones in the human body.骨头：在解剖学上构成脊椎动物骨架的大多相互区别的结构。人体上有200多块不同的骨头〔go〕"Railroads were in the news mainly when they were going bust"(Christian Science Monitor)“大多只有当铁路运输陷入崩溃时，他们才会上新闻。”(基督教科学箴言报)〔Fulani〕A member of a pastoral, largely Moslem people inhabiting parts of West Africa from northern Nigeria to Mali and the Atlantic coast.富拉尼人：一个居住在从尼日利亚北部到马里的西部非洲和大西洋沿岸地区的游牧民族中的一员，大多为穆斯林〔borzoi〕Any of a breed of tall, slender dogs having a narrow, pointed head and a silky, predominantly white coat, originally developed in Russia for hunting wolves. Also called Russian wolfhound 波佐狗：一种具有窄而尖的头及柔滑的，大多为白色毛皮的一种高大而细长的狗，原产于俄国，用来猎捕狼 也作 Russian wolfhound〔set〕Originallyset meant "to cause (something) to sit,” so that it is now in most cases a transitive verb: 最初set 意思是“使…就坐”，所以现在它大多情况下是及物动词： 〔microbrewery〕A small brewery, generally producing fewer than 10,000 barrels of beer and ale a year and frequently selling its products on the premises. Also called boutique brewery ,brewpub 小酿造厂：一个小啤酒厂，年产量大多不超过10,000桶啤酒和麦芽酒，通常在厂房房屋内销售产品 也作 boutique brewery,brewpub〔body〕A mass or collection of material that is distinct from other masses:一片，一堆：和其它大多分开的一团和一堆物质：〔sanderling〕A small shore bird(Crocethia alba) related to the sandpipers, having predominantly gray and white plumage. 三趾鹬：一种海岸地带的小鸟（三趾鹬 小鹬属） ，与矶鹬相似，体羽大多呈灰色或白色 〔lobefin〕Any of various mostly extinct bony fishes of the subclass Crossopterygii, of which the coelacanth is a living representative.总鳍鱼：内鼻孔亚纲的各种大多已灭绝了的硬骨鱼，腔棘鱼为其现存种类代表〔arbutus〕Any of various broad-leaved evergreen trees or shrubs of the genusArbutus, including the madroña and strawberry tree, that are native chiefly to warm regions in the Americas and Europe. 野草莓树：一种浆果莓 属的宽叶常绿树或灌木，包括浆果莓及草莓树，大多生长于美洲和欧洲的温暖地带 〔palmetto〕Any of several small, mostly tropical palms having fan-shaped leaves, especially one of the genusSabal, such as S. palmetto of the southeast United States. Also called sabal 小棕榈：几种小的，大多是热带的棕榈，带有扇形叶子，尤指沙巴 属的一种，如产于美国东南部的 沙巴棕树 也作 sabal〔bluecurls〕Any of several North American plants of the genusTrichostema in the mint family, having clusters of mostly bluish or purplish flowers with long, curved stamens. 蓝卷花，夏枯草：一种美国北部唇形科毛茎 属植物，大多为淡蓝色或淡紫色花簇和长而卷曲的雄蕊 〔resupinate〕Inverted or seemingly turned upside down, as the flowers of most orchids.倒置的：被倒置的或似乎被颠倒的，如大多的兰花一样〔shall〕The sentenceYou shall have your money expresses a promise ("I will see that you get your money"), whereasYou will have your money makes a simple prediction. · Such, at least, are the traditional rules.But the distinction has never taken firm root outside of what H.W. Fowler described as "the English of the English" (as opposed to that of the Scots and Irish), and even there it has always been subject to variation.Despite the efforts of generations of American schoolteachers, the distinction is largely alien to the modern American idiom.In Americawill is used to express most of the senses reserved for shall in English usage, andshall itself is restricted to first person interrogative proposals, as inShall we go? and to certain fixed expressions, such asWe shall overcome. Shall is also used in formal style to express an explicit obligation,as inApplicants shall provide a proof of residence, though this sense is also expressed bymust or should. In speech the distinction that the English signal by the choice ofshall or will may be rendered by stressing the auxiliary, as in I will leave tomorrow ("I intend to leave"); by choosing another auxiliary, such as must or have to; or by using an adverb such as certainly. · Many earlier American writers observed the traditional distinction betweenshall and will, and some continue to do so.The practice cannot be called incorrect,though it may strike American ears as somewhat mannered.But the distinction is difficult for those who do not come by it natively,and Americans who essay ashall in an unfamiliar context run considerable risk of getting it wrong, and so of being caught out in that most embarrassing of linguistic gaffes, the bungled Anglicism.See Usage Note at should 句子你将得到你的钱 表达了一种承诺（“我将保证你得到你的钱”）， 而你会得到你的钱 仅仅做出了简单预测。 这些至少是传统规则。但是这种用法上的区别仅局限于H·W·福勒所描述的“英格兰人的英语”（与苏格兰人和爱尔兰人的英语相对），即使在英格兰英语中它一直在变化。尽管经过几代美国学校教师的努力，这种区别对现代美国习惯用语仍是相当生疏的。在美国，will 被用来表达在英国用法中大多为 shall 保留的含义， 而shall 则限于第一人称疑问句式的提议， 如在我们该走了吧? 及某些固定表达中， 例如我们会克服的。 Shall 也用在正式文体中表示明确职责，如申请者应提供居留证明 ， 虽然这个意义也可用must 或 should 表达。 在口语中可以通过强调助动词shall 或 will ，如 我 将 于明天离开 （“我打算明天离开”）；或通过选择另一个助动词 must 或 have to ；或通过使用如 certainly 这样的副词来表达英国人用这两个词时的区别。 许多早期的美国作家注意到了shall 和 will 之间的传统区别， 而且一些人仍在继续这样做。这种用法不能被称作不正确，虽然美国人听起来有点矫揉造作的意味。但是这种区别对于那些不能通过母语了解它的人是困难的，而且在一个不熟悉的上下文中，试图用shall 的美国人很有可能犯错误， 因而在许多令人难堪的语言即被搞得一团糟的英式英语中出丑 参见 should〔clostridium〕Any of various rod-shaped, spore-forming, chiefly anaerobic bacteria of the genusClostridium, such as the nitrogen-fixing bacteria found in soil and those causing botulism and tetanus. 芽孢梭菌属细菌，梭菌：一种棒状、孢子生殖的细菌，大多为梭菌属 厌氧细菌，例如土壤中的固氮菌及导致肉毒中毒和破伤风的细菌 〔damned〕There are many regional variants, mostly euphemisms, fordamned, both as an oath and as a mild intensive. Southern exclamations and intensives tend to begin withdad-, a euphemism for "god"—hencedadblamed, dadblasted, dadburn, and dadgum. Dadgum can be combined withit in the interjection dadgummit. Another such euphemism is the better knowndoggone, probably originally Southern but now widespread.Likedadgum, doggone is used as a mild intensive: "The best doggone deals in Alabama" (billboard in Montgomery). Doggone likewise appears in phrasal interjections: Doggonit, I dropped my hammer. A common regional variant ofdamned is durn, also euphemistic and relatively mild,as in this snatch of Baltimore dialogue: "If that's not just the weirdest durn thing I ever laid eyes on" (Anne Tyler).作为诅咒和轻度的加强语气词，damned 有许多宗教上的替换形式，其中大多为委婉语。 南方人的感叹词和加强语气词倾向于以dad- 作为开始， “上帝”的一种委婉说法——因而出现dadblamed，dadblasted，dadburn 和 dadgum。 Dadgum 在感叹词dadgummit 中，可与 it 结合在一起。 另一个这样的委婉词比doggone 知道的人更多， 可能最初为南方人使用而现在已普遍应用了。象dadgum，daggone 被用作轻度的加强语气词： “亚拉巴马最好的交易” （蒙哥马利的大型广告牌）。 Daggone 同样也出现在短语感叹词： 他妈的，我弄掉了锤子。 dammed 是 durn 的一个常见局部性的变体， 它也是一个委婉语且相对较轻，正如巴尔的摩的几句对话中出现的： 如果那不是最奇特的东西，我绝不会看一眼的 （安妮·泰勒）〔obstinate〕"It's a pity pious folks are so apt to be pigheaded" (Harriet Beecher Stowe).“真遗憾，虔诚的人大多是固执的” （哈里特·比彻·斯特威）。〔triton〕Any of various chiefly tropical marine gastropod mollusks of the family Cymatiidae, having a pointed, spirally twisted, often colorfully marked shell.棱尾螺：一种嵌线螺科的大多产于热带的腹足类海洋软体动物，有螺旋形的、顶部很尖的、色彩斑斓的壳〔tetradynamous〕Having six stamens, two of which are shorter than the others, as in most plants of the mustard family.四强雄蕊的：有六个雄蕊，二个比其它的短，如在大多十字花科植物中〔merlin〕A small falcon(Falco columbarius) of northern regions, having predominantly dark plumage and a black-striped tail. Also called pigeon hawk 隼：一种生活于北部地区的小鹰（灰背隼） ，羽毛大多呈深色，尾巴上有黑色条纹 也作 pigeon hawk〔plasmid〕A circular, double-stranded unit of DNA that replicates within a cell independently of the chromosomal DNA. Plasmids are most often found in bacteria and are used in recombinant DNA research to transfer genes between cells.质粒：在细胞中能独立于染色体DNA而复制的圆形的，双链的DNA单元质粒大多常发现于细菌中，在DNA重组体研究中用来在细胞间传递基因〔pollster〕An understanding of the history of the-ster in pollster may perhaps raise more questions than it answers. In the first place apollster does not have to be a woman, despite the fact that the suffix-ster, originally-estre in Old English, was used to form feminine agent nouns.Hoppestere, for example, meant "female dancer.” But in Old English-estre was occasionally applied to men, although perhaps largely or completely in the case of translations of Latin masculine nouns denoting occupations that were held by women in Anglo-Saxon society.An example isbæcester, "baker,” glossing Latinpistor; it survives as the Modern English nameBaxter. In Middle Englishthe suffix was still largely feminine in the south of Englandbut masculine and feminine in the north,a tendency that became general in English starting with the 16th century.As an example of this tendencyseamster was remade into the feminineseamstress. In Modern English the suffix is usually derogatory.This use probably arose from the occurrence of the suffix with ambiguous verbs,such asgame, "to play at sports, to play at sex,” or with pejorative verbs,such asrime or rhyme. In some modern formations on neutral words-ster is not derogatory, as inyoungster (1589), but in most cases,as withpollster (1939), -ster has pejorative force. 对于pollster 中的 -ster 的历史的理解也许会引发比它能回答的问题更多的问题。 首先pollster 不一定非得是妇女， 尽管-ster 这一后缀， 源于古英语中的-estre ， 被用来构成阴性名词。比如hoppestere 一词意为“女舞蹈者。” 但在古英语中-estre 也偶尔可以用在男性身上， 虽然也许这种情况大多或者完全出现在表示盎格鲁-撒克逊社会中由妇女从事的职业的一些阳性拉丁文名词的翻译中。其中一个例子是boecester 意为“面包师”， 来自拉丁语的pistor； 这个词在现代英语名字Baxter 中保存了下来。 在中世纪英语中，该后缀在英格兰南部仍然主要地被用作阴性，但在英格兰北部却被同时用作阳性和阴性，而后一种趋势自16世纪以来逐渐在英语中变得普遍。反映这种趋势的一个例子是seamster ， 该词被改造成了阴性的seamstress。 在现代英语中这一后缀通常是含贬义的。这种用法可能是因为此后缀与一些有歧义的动词合用而产生的，比如game 可表示“进行体育活动，进行性游戏，” 或者是因为与轻蔑动词合用而产生的，比如rime 或 rhyme。 在某些现代英语中性名词中，-ster 不是贬损的， 如在youngster (1589年）中， 但在大多数情况下，如pollster (1939年）这个词中 -ster 仍是有贬义的 〔Shakespeare〕English playwright and poet whose body of works is considered the greatest in English literature. His plays, many of which were performed at the Globe Theatre in London, include historical works, such asRichard II, comedies, including Much Ado about Nothing and As You Like It, and tragedies, such as Hamlet, Othello, and King Lear. He also composed 154 sonnets. The earliest collected edition of his plays, the First Folio, contained 36 plays and was published posthumously (1623). 莎士比亚，威廉：(1564-1616) 英国戏剧家和诗人，他的作品被认为是英语文学作品中最伟大的戏剧，其中大多在伦敦的全球戏院演出过，包括历史作品，例如《理查德二世》 ；喜剧包括 《无事自扰》 和 《如愿》 ；悲剧包括 《哈姆雷特》 、 《奥赛罗》 和 《李尔王》 。他还作过154首十四行诗。他最早的戏剧集子，第一对开本，包含了36个戏剧，并在他死后出版(1623年） |
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