| 单词 | 大多数 |
| 释义 | 〔estrus〕The periodic state of sexual excitement in the female of most mammals, excluding human beings, that immediately precedes ovulation and during which the female is most receptive to mating; heat.（雌性动物的）动情，动情周期：大多数哺乳动物（包括人类）的雌性产生的周期性的性冲动，在此期间内雌性具有排卵的优势，所以该期间最适合性交；刺激〔consensus〕An opinion or position reached by a group as a whole or by majority will:大多数意见：一个团体作为整体或服从多数所达成的共识或立场：〔of〕give of one's time; two of her friends; most of the cases.对某人的时间而言；两个她的朋友；大多数的情况〔nonstandard〕The termnonstandard was introduced by linguists and lexicographers to describe usages and language varieties that had previously been labeled with terms such as vulgar and illiterate. Nonstandardis not simply a euphemism but reflects the empirical discoverythat the varieties used by low-prestige groups have rich and systematic grammatical structuresand that their stigmatization more often reflects a judgment about their speakersrather than any inherent deficiencies in logic or expressive power.Note, however, that the use of nonstandard forms is not necessarily restricted to the communities with which they are associated in the public mind.Many educated speakers freely use forms such ascan't hardly or ain't I to set a popular or informal tone. · Some dictionaries use the termsubstandard to describe forms, such asain't, associated with uneducated speech, while reservingnonstandard for forms such as irregardless, which are common in writingbut are still regarded by many as uneducated.Butsubstandard is itself susceptible of disparaging interpretation, and most linguists and lexicographers now use onlynonstandard, the practice followed in this Dictionary.词条nonstandard 被语言学家和词典编辑人引进用来描述以前已被词条，例如 vulgar 和 illiterate归类的用法和语言种类。 Nonstandand不只是委婉的说法， 而且反映了凭经验得到的发现：被具有权威的群体所用的语种有丰富而且系统的语法结构，而且这些误解被轻蔑描绘更经常地反映了对其说话者的判断，而不是对任何天生的逻辑和表达力的缺乏。然而，要注意，非标准语形式的运用并不必要限制于在公众心目中与其所联系的团体。许多受过教育的说话者自由地用这些形式如can't hardly 或者 ain't I 说流行或非正式的句子。 有些字典用substandard 来描述此类形式， 如ain't， 并与未受教育的言语相联系， 而同时保留nonstandard 用来形容 irregardless 这一类形式， 这些形式普遍用于写作中，但仍被许多人认为是未受教育的用法。但是substandard 本身很容易引起贬低含义的翻译， 大多数语言学家和词典编辑现在只用nonstandard， 在此词典后边有练习〔wax〕Any of various natural, oily or greasy heat-sensitive substances, consisting of hydrocarbons or esters of fatty acids that are insoluble in water but soluble in most organic solvents.蜡：几种天然油滑的热敏感物质之任一种，由不溶于水但溶于大多数有机溶剂的烃或脂肪酸酯构成〔NAD〕A coenzyme, C21H 27N 7O 14P 2, occurring in most living cells and utilized alternately as an oxidizing or reducing agent in various metabolic processes. 纳迪：一种辅酶， C21H 27N 7O 14P 2，存在于大多数活细胞中，而且在各种新陈代谢过程中作为氧化剂或还原剂交替使用 〔preposition〕The doctrine that a preposition may not be used to end a sentence was first promulgated by Dryden, probably on the basis of a specious analogy to Latin,and was subsequently refined by 18th-century grammarians.The rule has since become one of the most venerated maxims of schoolroom grammatical lore.But sentences ending with prepositions can be found in the works of most of the great writers since the Renaissance.In fact, English syntax allows and sometimes requires final placement of the preposition.Such placement is the only possible one in sentencessuch asWe have much to be thankful for or That depends on what you believe in. Efforts to rewrite such sentencesto place the preposition elsewhere will have comically stilted results;for example:We have much for which to be thankful or That depends on that in which you believe. · Even sticklers for the traditional rule can have no grounds for criticizing sentencessuch asI don't know where she will end up or It's the most curious book I've ever run across. In these examples,up and across are used as adverbs, not prepositions, as demonstrated by the ungrammaticality of sentencessuch asI don't know up where she will end and It's the most curious book across which I have ever run. 介词不能用来结束句子这一理论最先是由德莱顿可能基于与拉丁语的一个似是而非的类比而提出的，接着又由18世纪语法学家加以改善琢磨，从此这一规则便作为学校语法教育中神化般的至理名言，但是用介词结尾的句子可以在文艺复兴以来大多数名家的作品中找到，事实上，英语句法中有时允许，甚至要求把介词放在最后这种放置。只有在下列句子中才是唯一可能的：We have much to be thankful for 或 That depends on what you believe in 。 要改写这种句子，如把介词放在别处则会产生做作的滑稽效果；例如:We have much for which to be thankful 或 That depends on that in which you believe · 即使是那些拘泥于传统规则的人也找不出理由去批评这样的句子，如I don't know where she will end up 或 It's the most curious book I've ever run across 。 在这些例子中up 和 across 被用作副词， 而不是象以下句子中的违反语法现象所显示的那样是介词：如I don't know up where she will end 和 It's the most curious book across which I have ever run 〔lung〕Either of two spongy, saclike respiratory organs in most vertebrates, occupying the chest cavity together with the heart and functioning to remove carbon dioxide from the blood and provide it with oxygen.肺：大多数脊椎的物的两个海绵状的，囊状的呼吸器官，它和心脏一起占据胸腔，作用是从血液中排出二氧化碳和使血液吸收氧气〔maxilla〕Either of two laterally moving appendages situated behind the mandibles in insects and most other arthropods.（昆虫的）下颚骨：位于昆虫和大多数其他节肢动物上颚后面的附属活动器官〔pretty〕For the most part; mostly:大多数；几乎全部：〔oblivious〕In an earlier surveya majority of the Usage Panel accepted the use of bothof and to with oblivious: 在早期调查中，大多数用法专题使用小组的成员接受of 和 to 与 oblivious的连用： 〔ink〕A dark liquid ejected for protection by most cephalopods, including the octopus and squid.（乌贼等的）墨汁：大多数头足动物（包括章鱼和乌贼）用于保护自己而喷出的黑色液体〔glucose〕A monosaccharide sugar, C6H 12O 6, occurring widely in most plant and animal tissue. It is the principal circulating sugar in the blood and the major energy source of the body. 葡萄糖：一种单糖，C6H 12O 6，广见于大多数动植物组织。它是血液中基本的循环糖和人体等主要能量来源 〔rib〕A similar bone in most vertebrates.脊椎动物的类似部分：大多数脊椎动物中类似的骨头〔ally〕legislators who are allies on most issues.See Synonyms at partner 在大多数问题上意见一致的立法者们 参见 partner〔Playbill〕"The typical hot, humid night . . . had most of the audience fanning themselves with their playbills"(Washington Times)"The playbill somehow listed the movement headings for the wrong Beethoven symphony"(Los Angeles Times)“典型的又热又潮湿的夜晚…使得大多数观众用他们的节目单给自己扇凉”(华盛顿时报)“剧场节目单不知怎么列出了错误的贝多芬交响乐的运动标题”(洛杉矶时报)〔carry〕To win a majority of the votes in:在…赢得选票的大多数：〔pax〕"Editorials lauding the civilizing influence of Pax Britannica were met with a crushing disinterest from most of the public"(Nisid Hajari)“社论赞扬英国的和平对于教化的影响符合…大多数公众的全面漠视”(尼西德·哈加利)〔coracoid〕A beak-shaped bone articulating with the scapula and sternum in most lower vertebrates, such as birds and reptiles.喙突：大多数低等脊椎动物（如鸟类和爬行动物）的一块喙状骨头，有关节与肩板及胸骨相连〔anthocyanin〕Any of various water-soluble pigments that impart to flowers and other plant parts colors ranging from violet and blue to most shades of red.花青素：一种可溶性颜料，可以使花和其它植物部位产生颜色，其颜色变化从紫色和蓝色到大多数红色〔curious〕 Curious most often implies an avid desire to know or learn,though it can suggest an undue interest in the affairs of others: Curious 大多数通常指有强烈的求知欲望，但它也表示对他人事物的过度兴趣： 〔Pleistocene〕Greek pleistos [most] * see pelə- 1希腊语 pleistos [大多数] * 参见 pelə- 1〔man〕Traditionally,man and words derived from it have been used generically to designate any or all of the human race irrespective of sex.In Old Englishthis was the principal sense ofman, which meant "a human being" regardless of sex;the wordswer and wyf (or w÷pman and wifman ) were used to refer to "a male human being" and "a female human being" respectively. But in Middle Englishman displaced wer as the term for "a male human being,”whilewyfman (which evolved into present-day woman ) was retained for "a female human being.” The result of these changes was an assymetrical arrangement that many criticize as sexist.Many writers have revised some of their practices accordingly.But the precise implications of the usage vary according to the context and the particular use ofman or its derivatives. · Man sometimes appears to have the sense of "person" or "people" when it is used as a count noun, as inA man is known by the company he keeps and Men have long yearned to unlock the secrets of the atom, and in phrases likethe common man and the man in the street. Here the generic interpretation arises indirectly:if a man is known by the company he keeps,then so, by implication, is a woman.For this reasonthe generic interpretation of these uses ofman is not possible where the applicability of the predicate varies according to the sex of the individual. Thus it would be inappropriate to say thatMen are the only animals that can conceive at any time, since the sentence literally asserts that the ability to conceive applies to male human beings.This usage presumes that males can be taken as representatives of the species.In almost all cases,however, the wordsperson and people can be substituted for man and men, often with a gain in clarity. · By contrast,man functions more as a generic when it is used without an article in the singular to refer to the human race, as in sentences likeThe capacity for language is unique to man or in phrases like man's inhumanity to man. But this use ofman is also ambiguous, since it can refer exclusively to male members of the human race.In most contexts wordssuch ashumanity or humankind will convey the generic sense of this use of man. · On the whole,the Usage Panel accepts the generic use ofman, the women members significantly less than the men. The sentenceIf early man suffered from a lack of information, modern man is tyrannized by an excess of it was acceptable to 81 percent of the Panel (including 58 percent of the women and 92 percent of the men).The Panel also accepted compound words derived from genericman. The sentenceThe Great Wall is the only man-made structure visible from space was acceptable to 86 percent (including 76 percent of the women and 91 percent of the men).The sentence"The history of language is the history of mankind" (James Bradstreet Greenough and George Lyman Kittredge) was acceptable to 76 percent (including 63 percent of the women and 82 percent of the men). Such compounds were acceptable even when the context required that they be applied chiefly to women.Thus, 66 percent of the Panel (including 57 percent of the women and 71 percent of the men) accepts the wordmanpower in the sentence Countries that do not permit women to participate in the work force are at a disadvantage in competing with those that do avail themselves of that extra source of manpower. · A related set of problems is raised by the use ofman in forming the names of occupational and social rolessuch asbusinessman, chairman, spokesman, layman, and freshman, as well as in analogous formationssuch asunsportsmanlike and showmanship. Some condemn this use categorically;however, these words remained acceptable to a majority of the Usage Panel when they were used to refer to a role or class in the abstractbut were rejected when they were used to refer to a woman.Thus the general use ofchairman was acceptable to 67 percent of the Panel (including 52 percent of the women and 76 percent of the men) in the sentence The chairman will be appointed by the Faculty Senate. But only 48 percent (including 43 percent of the women and 50 percent of the men) accepted the use of the word inEmily Owen, chairman of the Mayor's Task Force, issued a statement assuring residents that their views would be solicited, where it is applied to a woman. · Several strategies have been suggested for replacing the categorical use of compounds formed withman. Parallel terms likebusinesswoman, spokeswoman and chairwoman are increasingly used to refer to women. Also in use are common-gender terms coined withperson, such asbusinessperson, spokesperson, and chairperson. For occupational titles ending inman, new standards of official usage have been established by the U.S. Department of Labor and other government agencies.In official contexts termssuch asfirefighter and police officer are now generally used in place of fireman and policeman. · A majority of the Panelists rejected the verbman when it was used to refer to an activity performed by women. The sentenceMembers of the League of Women Voters will be manning the registration desk was unacceptable to 56 percent of the Panel (including 61 percent of the women and 54 percent of the men). See Usage Note at -ess ,people 传统上，man 以及它的衍生字一般是用来指任何人或整个人类， 不考虑性别。在古英语中，这就是man 这个字主要的意思， 即“人” 而不分性别；单词wer 和 wyf （或 woepman 和 wifman )则分别用以指“男人”和“女人”。 但在中古英语时man 取代了 wer 这个词， 也具有“男人”的意义了；而wyfman （这个字发展演变成了今天的 woman 这个字）作为“女人”这个意思被保留了下来。 这些变化的结果是，作为性别歧视者所批评的匀称排列。为此，许多作家相应地修订了他们部分的创作活动。但是这用法的准确含义取决于它的上下文以及man 的具体用途或它的衍生字。 当man 这个字被当作一个可数名词来用时，它有时似乎具有“一个人”或“人们”的意思， 如在被他所在的那个公司熟悉了解的人 和 很久以来，人们都期盼着解开原子的秘密 ， 以及如下短语中普通的人 和 街上的人 。 这里，一般的理解源于间接地推理：如果一个男人是被他所在的公司了解的话，其言下之意是，一个女人也是被他所在的公司熟悉了解的。正是这个原因，使得man 当此一般理解之义用时，其谓语随着个人性别的改变而变化是不可能的。 所以，说人是唯一能在任何时候思考的动物 是不适当的， 因为这句话字面之义是指男人的思考能力。这种用法是假定男人可以作为人类的代表。几乎毫无例外的是，词person 和 people 可以用 man 和 men 来取代，且后两字意思更清楚。 相反，当man 以单数不带冠词出现用以指人类时，它更是指一类、一属， 如在象句子只有人才有语言能力 或象短语 人类对人类的不人道 中。 但man 若以这种形式出现，其意思也会模糊不清， 因为其可只指人类中的男性成员。在大多数的行文中，例如humanity 或 humankind 这样的字也传达了 man 这种用法的一般意义。 总的说来，在用法专题使用小组成员中接受man 这种一般用法的女性比男性明显少得多。 下面这句话如果说古代人受信息不足之苦的话，那么现代人则是受信息过量之虐待了 在小组中有81的成员可接受 （其中女性成员中的接受率为58，男性中则为92)。专题小组会还接受作为一般意义的man 构成的复合词。 长城是太空中的唯一可见的人造物 这句话有86的成员接受 （其中女性成员的接受率为76，而男性中为91)。“语言史就是一部人类史” （詹姆士·布拉斯瑞特·格里诺和乔治·莱曼·基特里奇）这句话的接受率为76（基中在女性成员中有63接受，而男性中为82)。 即使是上下行文所需的字主要指的是女人，这种复合词仍然被接受。因此小组中的66（其中女性委员的57，男性的71)接受了manpower 这个词在下句的用法： 那些不允许女人加入生产力大军的国家和那些允许女人加入生产力大军的国家相比，在处理剩余劳动力这一点上明显处于竞争的劣势 。 由于man 的使用所引起的一系列相关问题产生了， 在构成职业或社会角色类别的名称，如商人、主席、发言人、外行 和 渔夫 ， 以及将这个字用于类似的构词法中，如违反运动精神的 和 善于表演的才能 。 有些人谴责这种类别的用法；然而，当它们抽象地指某种角色或阶层时，这些词仍能得到用法专题使用小组大多数人的接受；但当它们用由于指女性时，这些词就被拒绝了。因此在句子主席由职工委员会指定 中 主席 的这种一般用法就得到了67小组成员的接受（其中在女性成员中为52，而男性中为76)。 但是，在句子艾米莉·欧文，市长任务小组的主席，发表了一个声明，向市长保证将考虑他们的观点 中这个字的用法，由于是指女性，只有48的成员接受（其中在女性成员中的接受率为43，而男性中为50)。 对于如何替换用man 构成的类别复合词，几种构思被提了出来。 与之相对的复合词如女商人、女发言人 和 女主席 越来越多地被用来指女性。 另外，用person 构成的中性词也创造了出来， 如商人、发言人 和 主席 。 对于用man 结尾的职业名称， 美国政府劳工部和其它政府机构已建立起了新的官方运用标准。在官方行文，现在一般用如firefighter 和 police officer 代替 fireman 和 policeman 。 大多数的小组成员反对将动词man 用于指那些女性从事的活动。 句子登记处将配备女性选民联盟的成员 在用法专题使用小组中的反对率是56（其中在女性成员中的反对率是61，而男性中为54) 参见 -ess,people〔general〕Affecting or characteristic of the majority of those involved; prevalent:普遍的，流行的：影响有关事物的大多数的，具有大多数的特征的；流行的：〔Shoshone〕A group inhabiting parts of Idaho, northern Utah, eastern Oregon, and western Montana, now mostly in southeast Idaho. Also called Northern Shoshone ,Snake 1住在爱达荷部份地区，犹他州北部，俄勒冈州东部，蒙大纳州西部，现在大多数住在爱达荷州东南部的一支 也作 Northern Shoshone,Snake1〔obscure〕"Unlike the origins of most nations, America's origins are not obscured in the mists of time"(National Review)“不象大多数国家的起源，美国的起源不会在时间的长河中被隐藏”(国内评论)〔majority〕When it refers to a group of persons or things that are in the majority,it may take either a singular or plural verb,depending on whether the group is considered as a whole or as a set of people considered individually.So we sayThe majority elects (not elect ) the candidate it wants (not they want ), since the election is accomplished by the group as a whole;butThe majority of the voters live (not lives ) in the city, since living in the city is something that each voter does individually. ·Majority is often preceded by great (but not by greater ) in expressing emphatically the sense of "most of": 当它是指处于多数地位的一组人或事物时，其动词既可以用单数也可以用复数，取决于把这个集体当作一个整体来看待还是当作个别的人的组合。所以我们说大多数人选举了 （不用 elect ) 他们所想要的候选人 （不用 they want )， 因为选举是由一个作为整体的群体所完成的；但是大多数投票者住在 （不用 lives ) 市区， 因为住在城市里是每个投票人作为个人所做的事情。Majority 的前面往往加一个 great （但是不加 greater )， 用来强调指出“大多数”的含义： 〔rabies〕An acute, infectious, often fatal viral disease of most warm-blooded animals, especially wolves, cats, and dogs, that attacks the central nervous system and is transmitted by the bite of infected animals.狂犬病：一种大多数温血动物所患的急性，可传染的通常致命的病毒性疾病。尤指狼、猫或狗的。这种疾病破坏中央神经系统并通过被传染动物的咬伤的伤口传播〔canoodle〕"his matchless ability to charm, bamboozle, or canoodle most of his political associates"(Timothy Garton Ash)“他盖世无双地引诱、唬弄或诱骗大多数政治同行们的本领”(提摩太·加顿·阿什)〔nation〕A people who share common customs, origins, history, and frequently language; a nationality:民族：一个享有共同的风俗，起源，历史和大多数语言的民族；一个民族：〔polite〕"A man, indeed, is not genteel when he gets drunk; but most vices may be committed very genteelly" (James Boswell).“一个人，当他喝醉时实在不可能高雅；但大多数罪恶却可能是彬彬有礼地犯下的” （詹姆斯·鲍斯弗尔）〔sterol〕Any of a group of predominantly unsaturated solid alcohols of the steroid group, such as cholesterol and ergosterol, present in the fatty tissues of plants and animals.固醇：任一类固醇类的大多数不饱和固体醇，如胆固醇和麦角甾醇，多出现于动物和植物的脂肪组织中〔uncial〕A style of writing characterized by somewhat rounded capital letters. It provided the model from which most of the capital letters in the modern Latin alphabet are derived.安色尔字体：以圆润的大写字母为特点的字体。大多数现代拉丁字母即以该字体为原型〔consensus〕Many grammarians have maintained that the expressionconsensus of opinion is redundant, inasmuch asconsensus itself denotes a judgment about which there is general agreement. Consensus of opinion has often been used by reputable writers, however, and has sometimes been defended on the grounds that a consensus may involve attitudes other than opinions;thus, one may speak of aconsensus of beliefs, or a consensus of usage. Nonetheless, the qualifying phrase can usually be omitted with no loss of clarity.The sentenceIt was the consensus of opinion among the sportswriters that the game should not have been played says nothing that is not said by 许多语法学家都认为短语consensus of opinion 这个说法是罗唆的， 因为consensus 本身就表示一种得到大多数同意的意见。 然而consensus of opinion 仍常常被知名作家所使用， 并且有时人们会辩解说它除了意见上的一致外可能还包括态度上的一致；因此，我们可以说consensus of beliefs（信仰一致） 或 consensus of usage（用法一致）。 尽管这样，限定性短语通常可以被省略而不会使表达不清楚。如体育新闻记者们的一致意见是这场比赛本不应该进行的 这个句子并不比 〔deprecate〕The first and fully accepted meaning ofdeprecate is "to express disapproval of.” But the word has steadily encroached on the meaning ofdepreciate. It is now used, almost to the exclusion ofdepreciate, in the sense "to belittle or mildly disparage,” as inHe deprecated his own contribution. In an earlier survey,this newer sense was approved by a majority of the Usage Panel.Deprecate 的第一个并被完全接受的意义是“表示不满”。 但这个词已逐渐延展到depreciate 的意义。 而现在depreciate 在“贬低或轻度鄙视”这个意义上几乎不使用了。 例如他看不起自己的贡献。 在早期的一项调查中，这个新意义为用法专题使用小组的大多数成员所赞同〔Sabbath〕The first day of the week, Sunday, observed as the day of rest and worship by most Christians.安息日：大多数基督教徒把一周的第一天-星期日作为休息和拜神的日子即安息日〔bad〕The adverbbadly is often used as the complement of verbs such as feel, as inI felt badly about the whole affair, where the choice ofbadly as opposed to bad may convey an implication that the distress is emotional, rather than physical.Although the origin of this usage is a matter of dispute,the usage is now widespread and is supported by analogy to the use of other adverbs withfeel (as inWe feel strongly about this issue ). In an earlier survey,a majority of the Usage Panel accepted this use ofbadly in speech, thoughbad is less likely to occasion objections. · Badly is also used in some regions to mean "unwell,” as inHe was looking badly after the accident (comparepoorly, which is also used in this way). In an earlier survey, however, the usage was found unacceptable in formal writing by 75 percent of the Usage Panel.副词badly 常用作动词的补充，如 feel， 在句子我对整个事件感觉很糟 中， 选择badly 作为与 bad 的对立， 可能传达暗示这一压制的感觉是感情上的而不是身体上的。尽管对这一用法的起源有过争议，但现在已很普遍并被其他带动词feel 的类比词所支持， （如我们对这观点的感受很强烈 ）。 在早期调查中，用法小组大多数接受在口语中使用badly ， 尽管bad 相对不会引起异议。 Badly 也被有些地区用来表示“不好”，如在他在事故后看上去很糟 （和poorly 比较，也是同样用法）。 但在早期讨论中，75的用法专门小组成员不接受在正式书面语中使用这种形式〔radicalize〕"Many, probably most, of those have been radicalized by their experiences among the poor"(Conor Cruise O'Brien)“这些人中的许多或者可能大多数都被他们在穷人中的经历激进化了”(康纳·克鲁斯·奥布赖恩)〔vacuity〕"the crew, being patient people, much given to slumber and vacuity"(Washington Irving)“船员是有耐心的，大多数时间不是睡觉就是无聊地度过”(华盛顿·欧文)〔thinker〕One who devotes much time to thought or meditation.思考者：把大多数时间用于思考或沉思的人 |
| 随便看 |
英汉汉英双解词典收录301015条英汉双解翻译词条，可根据汉字查询相应的英文词汇，基本涵盖了全部常用汉字的英文读音、翻译及用法，是英语学习及翻译工作的有利工具。